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Book: Maracá

Milliken, William

the biodiversity and environment of an Amazonian rainforest

1998

Author's details	ed. by William Milliken
Keywords	Amazonastiefland ; Tropischer Regenwald ; Biologische Ressourcen ; Artenreichtum ; Maracá ; Waldökosystem
Subject	Tropischer Tieflandregenwald ; Tropische Regenwälder ; Tropen ; Wald ; Waldökologie ; Artenvielfalt ; Artenmannigfaltigkeit
Language	English
Size	XXII, 508 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing place	Chichester u.a.
Publishing country	Great Britain
Document type	Book
Note	Zsfassung in portug. Sprache
HBZ-ID	HT009000512
ISBN	0-471-97917-1 ; 978-0-471-97917-3
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Shelf mark	Loan status	Location
988/2429	available for loan (reading room)	Freihandmagazin (U1)

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Article: Browse from Three Tree Legumes Increases Forage Production for Cattle in a Silvopastoral System in the Southwest Amazon

Dablin, Lucy / Lewis, Simon L. / Milliken, William / Monro, Alexandre / Lee, Mark A.

Animals. 2021 Dec. 17, v. 11, no. 12

2021

Abstract: Assessing the palatability of forage from locally adapted trees could improve the sustainability of livestock production systems. However, grasses continue to dominate livestock feed across the Amazon. We established a silvopastoral cattle farming system ...

Abstract	Assessing the palatability of forage from locally adapted trees could improve the sustainability of livestock production systems. However, grasses continue to dominate livestock feed across the Amazon. We established a silvopastoral cattle farming system in Peru, comparing three different forage tree species with grass monocultures using a randomised block design. Trees were arranged in alleys of 0.5 × 7.5 m, planted alongside grass, and were directly browsed by cattle. Browse removal was estimated by three methods: destructive sampling, canopy measurements and leaf counts. We found that all three tree species were palatable to cattle. Plots containing trees and grass produced more available forage (mean > 2.2 Mg ha⁻¹) for cattle than the grass monocultures (mean = 1.5 Mg ha⁻¹). Destructive sampling below 1.6 m demonstrated that cattle consumed 99% of the available Erythrina berteroana forage, 75% of the available Inga edulis forage and 80% of the available Leucaena leucocephala forage in 8 days. This research demonstrates methodologies to estimate the intake of locally adapted browse species by cattle and highlights the potential benefits of silvopastoral systems in the Amazon. Planting trees could also benefit animal health and provide ecosystem services such as soil regeneration, enhanced nutrient cycling and carbon capture.
Keywords	Erythrina berteroana ; Inga edulis ; Leucaena leucocephala ; animal health ; canopy ; carbon ; cattle ; ecosystems ; forage production ; grasses ; leaves ; livestock feeds ; livestock production ; palatability ; planting ; silvopastoral systems ; soil ; trees ; Peru
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1217
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11123585
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Browse from Three Tree Legumes Increases Forage Production for Cattle in a Silvopastoral System in the Southwest Amazon.

Dablin, Lucy / Lewis, Simon L / Milliken, William / Monro, Alexandre / Lee, Mark A

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2021 Volume 11, Issue 12

Abstract	Assessing the palatability of forage from locally adapted trees could improve the sustainability of livestock production systems. However, grasses continue to dominate livestock feed across the Amazon. We established a silvopastoral cattle farming system in Peru, comparing three different forage tree species with grass monocultures using a randomised block design. Trees were arranged in alleys of 0.5 × 7.5 m, planted alongside grass, and were directly browsed by cattle. Browse removal was estimated by three methods: destructive sampling, canopy measurements and leaf counts. We found that all three tree species were palatable to cattle. Plots containing trees and grass produced more available forage (mean > 2.2 Mg ha
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11123585
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Plants used traditionally as antimalarials in Latin America: Mining the tree of life for potential new medicines.

Milliken, William / Walker, Barnaby E / Howes, Melanie-Jayne R / Forest, Félix / Nic Lughadha, Eimear

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2021 Volume 279, Page(s) 114221

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Malaria remains a serious and challenging disease. Traditional antimalarial medicines are largely based on plants, and ethnopharmacological research has inspired the development of antimalarial pharmaceuticals such as ... ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Malaria remains a serious and challenging disease. Traditional antimalarial medicines are largely based on plants, and ethnopharmacological research has inspired the development of antimalarial pharmaceuticals such as artemisinin. Antimalarial drug resistance is an increasing problem in Plasmodium species, and new therapeutic strategies to combat malaria are needed. Although the number of malaria cases has been decreasing in Latin America, malaria remains a significant threat in many regions. Local people in Latin America have been using numerous plant species to treat malaria, some of which have been scientifically studied, but many others have not. Aim of the study: Our principal objective is to harness ethnobotanical data on species used traditionally to treat malaria, combined with phylogenetic approaches, to understand how ethnobotany could help identify plant genera as potential sources of new medicines. Materials and methods: Plants used to treat malaria in Latin America were compiled from published and grey literature, unpublished data, and herbarium specimens. Initial assessment of potentially important species/genera/families included compiling the number of species used within the genus, the number of use reports per genus and species, and the geographic distribution of their use. The analysis of taxonomic distribution of species reported as antimalarial in Latin America (excluding the Southern Cone) was conducted, to determine which genera and families with reputed antimalarial properties are over-represented, and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify if there was evidence for antimalarial species being dispersed/clustered throughout the tree or at its tips. This approach enabled 'hot-nodes' in certain families to be identified, to predict new genera with potential antimalarial properties. Results: Over 1000 plant species have been used to treat malaria in Latin America, of which over 600 species were cited only once. The genera with the highest number of antimalarial species were Aspidosperma, Solanum, Piper, Croton and Aristolochia. In terms of geographic distribution, the most widely used genera were Aspidosperma, Momordica, Cinchona, Senna and Stachytarpheta. Significant phylogenetic signal was detected in the distribution of native species used for malaria, analysed in a genus-level phylogenetic framework. The eudicot and magnoliidae lineages were over-represented, while monocots were not. Conclusion: Analysis of ethnobotanical use reports in a phylogenetic framework reveals the existence of hot nodes for malaria across the Latin American flora. We demonstrate how species and genera currently lacking such reports could be pinpointed as of potential interest based on their evolutionary history. Extending this approach to other regions of the world and other diseases could accelerate the discovery of novel medicines and enhance healthcare in areas where new therapeutic strategies are needed.
MeSH term(s)	Antimalarials/isolation & purification ; Antimalarials/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance ; Ethnobotany ; Ethnopharmacology ; Humans ; Latin America ; Malaria/drug therapy ; Medicine, Traditional/methods ; Plant Preparations/isolation & purification ; Plant Preparations/pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Antimalarials ; Plant Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-21
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2021.114221
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 1494: Show issues

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Article: Plants used traditionally as antimalarials in Latin America: Mining the tree of life for potential new medicines

Milliken, William / Lughadha, Eimear Nic / Walker, Barnaby E / Howes, Melanie-Jayne R / Forest, Félix / Nic Lughadha, Eimear

Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2021 May 17,

2021

Abstract: Malaria remains a serious and challenging disease. Traditional antimalarial medicines are largely based on plants, and ethnopharmacological research has inspired the development of antimalarial pharmaceuticals such as artemisinin. Antimalarial drug ... ...

Abstract	Malaria remains a serious and challenging disease. Traditional antimalarial medicines are largely based on plants, and ethnopharmacological research has inspired the development of antimalarial pharmaceuticals such as artemisinin. Antimalarial drug resistance is an increasing problem in Plasmodium species, and new therapeutic strategies to combat malaria are needed. Although the number of malaria cases has been decreasing in Latin America, malaria remains a significant threat in many regions. Local people in Latin America have been using numerous plant species to treat malaria, some of which have been scientifically studied, but many others have not.Our principal objective is to harness ethnobotanical data on species used traditionally to treat malaria, combined with phylogenetic approaches, to understand how ethnobotany could help identify plant genera as potential sources of new medicines.Plants used to treat malaria in Latin America were compiled from published and grey literature, unpublished data, and herbarium specimens. Initial assessment of potentially important species/genera/families included compiling the number of species used within the genus, the number of use reports per genus and species, and the geographic distribution of their use. The analysis of taxonomic distribution of species reported as antimalarial in Latin America (excluding the Southern Cone) was conducted, to determine which genera and families with reputed antimalarial properties are over-represented, and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify if there was evidence for antimalarial species being dispersed/clustered throughout the tree or at its tips. This approach enabled ‘hot-nodes’ in certain families to be identified, to predict new genera with potential antimalarial properties.Over 1000 plant species have been used to treat malaria in Latin America, of which over 600 species were cited only once. The genera with the highest number of antimalarial species were Aspidosperma, Solanum, Piper, Croton and Aristolochia. In terms of geographic distribution, the most widely used genera were Aspidosperma, Momordica, Cinchona, Senna and Stachytarpheta. Significant phylogenetic signal was detected in the distribution of native species used for malaria, analysed in a genus-level phylogenetic framework. The eudicot and magnoliidae lineages were over-represented, while monocots were not.Analysis of ethnobotanical use reports in a phylogenetic framework reveals the existence of hot nodes for malaria across the Latin American flora. We demonstrate how species and genera currently lacking such reports could be pinpointed as of potential interest based on their evolutionary history. Extending this approach to other regions of the world and other diseases could accelerate the discovery of novel medicines and enhance healthcare in areas where new therapeutic strategies are needed.
Keywords	Aristolochia ; Aspidosperma ; Cinchona ; Croton ; Liliopsida ; Momordica ; Piper ; Plasmodium ; Solanum ; Stachytarpheta ; artemisinin ; drug resistance ; ethnobotany ; flora ; geographical distribution ; health services ; herbaria ; indigenous species ; malaria ; people ; phylogeny ; therapeutics ; traditional medicine ; trees ; Latin America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0517
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2021.114221
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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Article: Natural Plant Resources for Sustainable Development: Insights from Community Use in the Chimanimani Trans-Frontier Conservation Area, Mozambique

Hudson, Alex / Milliken, William / Timberlake, Jonathan / Giovannini, Peter / Fijamo, Valdemar / Massunde, Joao / Chipanga, Hercilia / Nivunga, Milagre / Ulian, Tiziana

Human ecology. 2020 Feb., v. 48, no. 1

2020

Abstract: In rural African communities, wild plant species are a valuable resource that are often threatened by agricultural conversion and overexploitation. To understand the harvest and sale of wild plant species that provide fruits and raw materials for ... ...

Abstract	In rural African communities, wild plant species are a valuable resource that are often threatened by agricultural conversion and overexploitation. To understand the harvest and sale of wild plant species that provide fruits and raw materials for artisanal products, this study used ethnobotanical and socio-economic methods to engage communities in the Chimanimani Trans-Frontier Conservation Area, Mozambique. Use was dependent on local availability and market accessibility. Incomes are made from Uapaca kirkiana fruits in some communities and Strychnos madagascariensis in others; some earn money from Cyperus spp. mats whilst others use Phragmites mauritianus. Less marketed items included baskets made from numerous species (including Oxytenanthera abyssinica) and wooden implements (e.g. made from Pterocarpus angolensis) which are used to process, store and transport maize. Conservation and development could potentially benefit from value-addition activities, new management systems (like agroforestry), or population protection and restoration. This should include analysis of population extents and production levels.
Keywords	Cyperus ; Oxytenanthera abyssinica ; Phragmites ; Pterocarpus angolensis ; Strychnos ; Uapaca kirkiana ; agroforestry ; conservation areas ; corn ; ethnobotany ; human ecology ; markets ; socioeconomics ; sustainable development ; traditional technology ; wild plants ; Mozambique
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Size	p. 55-67.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	216107-2
ISSN	0300-7839
ISSN	0300-7839
DOI	10.1007/s10745-020-00132-w
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.B 1805: Show issues

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Book: Flora celtica

Milliken, William / Bridgewater, Sam

plants and people in Scotland

2013

Abstract: The wild plants of the British Isles have been providing essentials for people's lives since mankind first set foot on our shores. Scotland, in particular, has a diverse and colourful plant lore that's as relevant today as it was 500 years ago. ...

Title variant	Plants and people in Scotland
Author's details	William Milliken, Sam Bridgewater
Abstract	The wild plants of the British Isles have been providing essentials for people's lives since mankind first set foot on our shores. Scotland, in particular, has a diverse and colourful plant lore that's as relevant today as it was 500 years ago.
Keywords	Endemic plants ; Human-plant relationships
Language	English
Size	328 pages :, illustrations (chiefly colour, and some black and white), map (colour), portraits (some colour) ;, 25 cm
Document type	Book
Note	Originally published: 2004.
ISBN	9781780271699 ; 1780271697
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book: Maracá

Milliken, William

the biodiversity and environment of an Amazonian rainforest

1998

Institution	Royal Botanic Garden
Author's details	Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Ed. by William Milliken
Language	English
Size	XXII, 508 S
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing place	Chichester u.a.
Document type	Book
Note	Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN	0471979171 ; 9780471979173
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Book: Equations of motion

Milliken, William F

adventure, risk, and innovation

2006

Author's details	William F. Milliken
Keywords	Aeronautical engineers ; Automobile engineers
Language	English
Size	XII, 683 S., Ill., graph. Darst., 28 cm
Publisher	Bentley Publishers
Publishing place	Cambridge, Mass
Document type	Book
Note	Includes index
ISBN	0837613485 ; 9780837613482
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Article: Impact of management regime and frequency on the survival and productivity of four native tree species used for fuelwood and charcoal in the caatinga of northeast Brazil

Milliken, William / Amelia Baracat / David Cutler / Elcida de Lima Araújo / Everardo V.S.B. Sampaio / Frans Pareyn / Mark Lee / Peter Gasson

Biomass and bioenergy. 2018 Sept., v. 116

2018

Abstract: The seasonally dry deciduous forest (Caatinga) of northeast Brazil is under intense human pressure, and sustainable use of its tree resources for fuelwood is a pressing concern. An experiment was conducted to ascertain which management techniques ( ... ...

Abstract	The seasonally dry deciduous forest (Caatinga) of northeast Brazil is under intense human pressure, and sustainable use of its tree resources for fuelwood is a pressing concern. An experiment was conducted to ascertain which management techniques (coppicing, pollarding or crown-thinning) permit the highest survival of trees and optimal timber production. Four much-utilised tree species: Croton sonderianus, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Mimosa tenuiflora and Poincianella pyramidalis (syn. Caesalpinia pyramidalis) were studied at two sites in Pernambuco State. The impact of each harvesting regime was evaluated over a six-year period, with additional variables including wet-season versus dry-season harvesting, and three-year versus six-year harvesting cycles. The best performing tree species varied between sites, with M. tenuiflora providing the highest yields with all treatments at Sertânia and M. tenuiflora and Poincianella pyramidalis at Serra Talhada. The optimal management regime did not vary between species. Crown-thinned trees produced limited regrowth with the lowest mortality rates, and when ultimately coppiced growth appeared to have been stimulated. Pollarding was intermediate and coppicing was the poorest management strategy. Trees which were harvested twice, in both 2005 and 2008, had much lower overall production than those which had only been harvested once in 2008. The highest yields were obtained from crown-thinned trees which were coppiced in 2005 or 2008. Management decisions must consider local environmental conditions in the selection of the tree species used to produce fuelwood, however, the optimal management strategy for high production and low mortality is consistently low impact, infrequent crown thinning. There was considerable difference in the findings between the study sites (e.g. in the distribution of statistically significant results), and also in the impacts of treatments on mortality between the four species. The results can be used to guide species-level management regimes that minimise tree mortality, contributing to long-term fuelwood productivity.
Keywords	caatinga ; Caesalpinia ; charcoal ; coppicing ; Croton ; deciduous forests ; dry season ; environmental factors ; fuelwood ; harvesting ; humans ; Mimosa tenuiflora ; mortality ; pollarding ; regrowth ; timber production ; tree mortality ; trees ; wet season ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-09
Size	p. 18-25.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1090121-8
ISSN	0961-9534
ISSN	0961-9534
DOI	10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.05.010
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Z 5470: Show issues

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