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  1. Article: Another kind of extraepithelial neuroendocrine cell in the appendix.

    Millikin, P D

    Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

    1984  Volume 108, Issue 5, Page(s) 354–355

    MeSH term(s) Appendix/cytology ; Chromaffin System/ultrastructure ; Enterochromaffin Cells/ultrastructure ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 1984-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0003-9985 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0003-9985 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528
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  2. Article: On the possible origin of extra-epithelial enterochromaffin cells by budding from the crypts of Lieberkuhn.

    Millikin, P D

    The Journal of pathology

    1984  Volume 143, Issue 1, Page(s) 51–56

    Abstract: This study was undertaken to test Pierre Masson's still unconfirmed theory that extra-epithelial enterochromaffin cells in the gut arise in adult life by budding from the crypts of Lieberkuhn under conditions of low grade inflammation. Appendices (900) ... ...

    Abstract This study was undertaken to test Pierre Masson's still unconfirmed theory that extra-epithelial enterochromaffin cells in the gut arise in adult life by budding from the crypts of Lieberkuhn under conditions of low grade inflammation. Appendices (900) were reviewed and 19 were selected for serial section study because in random sections they showed lateral fusion of the crypts, one of the key features described by Masson. Ten specimens without crypt fusion served as controls. Sixteen of the 19 study specimens and one of the control specimens showed budding, averaging one bud in every 88 sections. Most buds were in direct contact with Schwann cells in the adjacent lamina propria and 45 per cent of them contained enterochromaffin cells. There was also histologic evidence linking buds and lateral crypt fusion to low grade inflammation. Masson's ideas are, therefore, confirmed insofar as the existence of buds and their relationship to enterochromaffin cells, Schwann cells, and inflammation is concerned. The actual separation of buds from the crypts to form extra-epithelial enterochromaffin cells has yet to be proved.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Appendicitis/pathology ; Appendix/pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromaffin System/pathology ; Enterochromaffin Cells/pathology ; Epithelium/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Schwann Cells/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1984-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3119-7
    ISSN 1096-9896 ; 0022-3417
    ISSN (online) 1096-9896
    ISSN 0022-3417
    DOI 10.1002/path.1711430108
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  3. Article: Extraepithelial enterochromaffin cells and Schwann cells in the human appendix.

    Millikin, P D

    Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

    1983  Volume 107, Issue 4, Page(s) 189–194

    Abstract: To test earlier theories on the subject, extraepithelial enterochromaffin (EEEC) cells were sought in the mucosa of 500 appendixes and in the solid axial cores of 283 others whose lumina were obliterated over part or all of their lengths. The EEEC cells ... ...

    Abstract To test earlier theories on the subject, extraepithelial enterochromaffin (EEEC) cells were sought in the mucosa of 500 appendixes and in the solid axial cores of 283 others whose lumina were obliterated over part or all of their lengths. The EEEC cells were lying free in the lamina propria of 53% of the specimens with intact lumina and in the axial cores of 49% of the obliterated specimens. In both locations they were invariably accompanied by Schwann cells and neurites, which were often present in markedly increased numbers. Therefore, because they occur so frequently in nonepithelial locations, enterochromaffin cells can no longer be considered as exclusively epithelial. Their close association with Schwann cells and neurites suggests that they may have some sort of neural function.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Appendix/cytology ; Child ; Chromaffin System/ultrastructure ; Enterochromaffin Cells/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Schwann Cells/ultrastructure
    Language English
    Publishing date 1983-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0003-9985 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0003-9985 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528
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  4. Article: Epitheloid germinal centers: an acquired immunologic deficit?

    Millikin, P D

    American journal of clinical pathology

    1977  Volume 67, Issue 6, Page(s) 545–549

    Abstract: The histologic structure of lymphoid tissue in cases of fatal infection was reviewed, and epithelioid germinal centers, completely devoid of the usual dark zone of rapidly dividing blast cells, were found in 16 infants and children, one of whom also had ... ...

    Abstract The histologic structure of lymphoid tissue in cases of fatal infection was reviewed, and epithelioid germinal centers, completely devoid of the usual dark zone of rapidly dividing blast cells, were found in 16 infants and children, one of whom also had Reye's syndrome. Epithelioid change has been previously reported to occur in various childhood infections and in the sudden infant death syndrome. All reported cases have been fatal. In four additional cases there was toxic follicle alteration, or massive necrosis of germinal center cells. Toxic follicle alteration and epithelioid change have been found in childhood infections and sudden infant death syndrome, and some evidence of a pathogenetic relationship between the two was found in this study. It is concluded that epithelioid change represents a definite pathologic alteration of germinal centers associated with total destruction of a whole population of cells. It probably represents an acutely acquired immunologic deficit and therefore may well contribute to the thus far uniformly fatal outcome of the associated diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/pathology ; Infection/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Reye Syndrome/pathology ; Spleen/pathology ; Sudden Infant Death/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1977-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2944-0
    ISSN 1943-7722 ; 0002-9173
    ISSN (online) 1943-7722
    ISSN 0002-9173
    DOI 10.1093/ajcp/67.6.545
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  5. Article: A supravital stain for nucleoli in human lymphocytes.

    Millikin, P D

    American journal of clinical pathology

    1974  Volume 62, Issue 4, Page(s) 520–524

    MeSH term(s) Basophils/ultrastructure ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Cell Nucleolus ; Chromatin ; Eosinophils/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Monocytes/ultrastructure ; Neutrophils/ultrastructure ; Staining and Labeling/methods ; Tolonium Chloride
    Chemical Substances Chromatin ; Tolonium Chloride (15XUH0X66N)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1974-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2944-0
    ISSN 1943-7722 ; 0002-9173
    ISSN (online) 1943-7722
    ISSN 0002-9173
    DOI 10.1093/ajcp/62.4.520
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  6. Article: Eosinophilic argentaffin cells in the human appendix.

    Millikin, P D

    Archives of pathology

    1974  Volume 98, Issue 6, Page(s) 393–395

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Appendicitis/pathology ; Appendix/cytology ; Child ; Chromaffin System/pathology ; Enterochromaffin Cells/cytology ; Enterochromaffin Cells/pathology ; Eosinophils/cytology ; Eosinophils/pathology ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Granulocytes/cytology ; Granulocytes/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Staining and Labeling
    Language English
    Publishing date 1974-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
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  7. Article: Epitheloid germinal centers in the human spleen.

    Millikin, P D

    Archives of pathology

    1970  Volume 89, Issue 4, Page(s) 314–320

    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Autopsy ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection/pathology ; Male ; Meningitis/pathology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology ; Spleen/cytology ; Spleen/immunology ; Spleen/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1970-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
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  8. Article: The nodular white pulp of the human spleen.

    Millikin, P D

    Archives of pathology

    1969  Volume 87, Issue 3, Page(s) 247–258

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Erythrocytes/analysis ; Female ; Hemoglobinometry ; Humans ; Hyperemia/pathology ; Infant ; Lymphocytes/analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spleen/anatomy & histology ; Spleen/blood supply ; Spleen/cytology ; Spleen/pathology ; Splenectomy ; Splenic Artery/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1969-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
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  9. Article: Anatomy of germinal centers in human lymphoid tissue.

    Millikin, P D

    Archives of pathology

    1966  Volume 82, Issue 6, Page(s) 499–505

    MeSH term(s) Adenoids/cytology ; Appendix/cytology ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/cytology ; Lymph Nodes/cytology ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology ; Microtomy ; Palatine Tonsil/cytology ; Spleen/cytology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1966-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
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  10. Article: Endotoxin and nanobacteria in polycystic kidney disease.

    Hjelle, J T / Miller-Hjelle, M A / Poxton, I R / Kajander, E O / Ciftcioglu, N / Jones, M L / Caughey, R C / Brown, R / Millikin, P D / Darras, F S

    Kidney international

    2000  Volume 57, Issue 6, Page(s) 2360–2374

    Abstract: Background: Microbes have been suspected as provocateurs of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but attempts to isolate viable organisms have failed. Bacterial endotoxin is the most often reported microbial product found in PKD fluids. We assessed ... ...

    Abstract Background: Microbes have been suspected as provocateurs of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but attempts to isolate viable organisms have failed. Bacterial endotoxin is the most often reported microbial product found in PKD fluids. We assessed potential microbial origins of endotoxin in cyst fluids from 13 PKD patients and urines of PKD and control individuals.
    Methods: Fluids were probed for endotoxin and nanobacteria, a new bacterium, by the differential Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay (dLAL), genus-specific antilipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies, monoclonal antibodies to nanobacteria, and hyperimmune serum to Bartonella henselae (HS-Bh). Selected specimens were also assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanobacterial culture methods.
    Results: LPS or its antigenic metabolites were found in more than 75% of cyst fluids tested. Nanobacteria were cultured from 11 of 13 PKD kidneys, visualized in 8 of 8 kidneys by TEM, and immunodetected in all 13 PKD kidneys. By immunodetection, nanobacterial antigens were found in urine from 7 of 7 PKD males, 1 of 7 PKD females, 3 of 10 normal males, and 1 of 10 normal females. "Nanobacterium sanguineum" was dLAL positive and cross-reactive with antichlamydial LPS and HS-Bh. Some cyst fluids were also positive for LPS antigens from Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis and/or Chlamydia, and HS-Bh, as were liver cyst fluids from one patient. Tetracycline and citrate inhibited nanobacterial growth in vitro.
    Conclusion: Nanobacteria or its antigens were present in PKD kidney, liver, and urine. The identification of candidate microbial pathogens is the first step in ascertaining their contribution, if any, to human disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Antigens, Bacterial/analysis ; Antigens, Bacterial/urine ; Cross Reactions ; Endotoxins/metabolism ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/immunology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Kidney/immunology ; Kidney/microbiology ; Kidney/ultrastructure ; Limulus Test ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Liver/immunology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases/microbiology ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases/urine
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Bacterial ; Endotoxins ; Lipopolysaccharides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120573-0
    ISSN 1523-1755 ; 0085-2538
    ISSN (online) 1523-1755
    ISSN 0085-2538
    DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00096.x
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