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  1. Article ; Online: Emerging fungal pathogens in solid organ transplantation.

    Mishkin, Aaron

    Current opinion in organ transplantation

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 440–444

    Abstract: Purpose of review: This review examines recent cases and updated literature on emerging or newly resistant fungal infections in solid organ transplantation.: Recent findings: Candida auris, a newly described candida capable of drug resistance and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: This review examines recent cases and updated literature on emerging or newly resistant fungal infections in solid organ transplantation.
    Recent findings: Candida auris, a newly described candida capable of drug resistance and persistence in the environment, is a growing concern with both published cases on donor-derived transmission and a hospital outbreak involving liver transplant recipients. Infections with non-albicans candida species are also increasing in incidence in SOT recipients, leading to increasing antifungal resistance and higher mortality. Aspergillus usti has emerged in immunocompromised patients on antifungal prophylaxis. Cryptococcus species continue to be responsible for a number of infections in SOT recipients. Dimorphic fungi, endemic to geographic areas and responsible for sporadic infections in SOT recipients are noted to have an expanding geographic area. Emergomyces are newly classified groups of five species of dimorphic fungi noted to disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients including SOT recipients.
    Summary: Emerging fungal species and the development of resistance in well entrenched fungal pathogens impacts SOT recipients and those caring for them. Knowledge of these trends aids in the successful identification and optimal treatment of these challenging conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Candida ; Fungi ; Humans ; Mycoses/drug therapy ; Mycoses/epidemiology ; Organ Transplantation/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Antifungal Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1390429-2
    ISSN 1531-7013 ; 1087-2418
    ISSN (online) 1531-7013
    ISSN 1087-2418
    DOI 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000889
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 5609: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article: COVID-19 Vaccination in Lung Transplant Recipients.

    Altneu, Eric / Mishkin, Aaron

    Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery

    2022  Volume 38, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) 347–353

    Abstract: Lung transplant patients are at increased risk of infection due to immunosuppression. Vaccination is a key source of protection; however, after transplant, patients tend to have diminished host response. This is an important concern given the ongoing ... ...

    Abstract Lung transplant patients are at increased risk of infection due to immunosuppression. Vaccination is a key source of protection; however, after transplant, patients tend to have diminished host response. This is an important concern given the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Less is known about how transplant patients respond to COVID-19 vaccination and how best to approach immunization in the setting of a global pandemic. Lung transplant patients, and solid organ transplant patients as whole, have a less robust immune response after COVID-19 vaccination. This article reviews the literature on vaccine immune response in transplant patients with a focus on COVID-19 vaccination and international society guidelines.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-17
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2164386-6
    ISSN 0973-7723 ; 0970-9134
    ISSN (online) 0973-7723
    ISSN 0970-9134
    DOI 10.1007/s12055-022-01364-9
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  3. Book ; Online: Optimal Sets and Solution Paths of ReLU Networks

    Mishkin, Aaron / Pilanci, Mert

    2023  

    Abstract: We develop an analytical framework to characterize the set of optimal ReLU neural networks by reformulating the non-convex training problem as a convex program. We show that the global optima of the convex parameterization are given by a polyhedral set ... ...

    Abstract We develop an analytical framework to characterize the set of optimal ReLU neural networks by reformulating the non-convex training problem as a convex program. We show that the global optima of the convex parameterization are given by a polyhedral set and then extend this characterization to the optimal set of the non-convex training objective. Since all stationary points of the ReLU training problem can be represented as optima of sub-sampled convex programs, our work provides a general expression for all critical points of the non-convex objective. We then leverage our results to provide an optimal pruning algorithm for computing minimal networks, establish conditions for the regularization path of ReLU networks to be continuous, and develop sensitivity results for minimal ReLU networks.

    Comment: ICML 2023 Camera Ready Version
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Publishing date 2023-05-31
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  4. Article ; Online: A case of skin and soft tissue infection in a lung transplant recipient.

    Moran Viacava, Flavia / Bandres, Maria Veronica / Mishkin, Aaron

    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) e14210

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Soft Tissue Infections/diagnosis ; Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy ; Transplant Recipients ; Lung Transplantation/adverse effects ; Thorax ; Lung ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Antifungal Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1476094-0
    ISSN 1399-3062 ; 1398-2273
    ISSN (online) 1399-3062
    ISSN 1398-2273
    DOI 10.1111/tid.14210
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5100: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Effects of reported beta-lactam allergies on pneumonia outcomes in lung transplant recipients.

    Motzer, Andrew R / Holaday, Eric / Axelrod, Peter / Mishkin, Aaron

    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) e13906

    Abstract: Background: The effects of reported beta-lactam allergies on clinical outcomes have been understudied in lung transplant recipients. We evaluated reported beta-lactam allergies on clinical outcomes in this population.: Methods: A single-center ... ...

    Abstract Background: The effects of reported beta-lactam allergies on clinical outcomes have been understudied in lung transplant recipients. We evaluated reported beta-lactam allergies on clinical outcomes in this population.
    Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort analysis was performed. One hundred and nine lung transplant recipients were identified and screened for a diagnosis of pneumonia. This cohort was divided into those with a reported beta-lactam allergy and those without a beta-lactam allergy. Antibiotic use was compared between groups. We also compared several clinical metrics, including rates of readmission, mortality, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), allograft dysfunction, and isolation of carbapenem or fluoroquinolone non-susceptible organisms after treatment.
    Results: Of the 109 lung transplant recipients, 18 (16.5%) were identified as having a reported beta-lactam allergy. Patients with a beta-lactam allergy label (BLAL) were found to have decreased utilization of beta-lactams (p < .001) and a trend toward increased use of carbapenems (p = .062) and aztreonam (p = .080). BLAL patients were found to have higher rates of CDI (p = .049) but were not found to have increased readmissions, mortality, allograft dysfunction, or isolation of carbapenem or fluoroquinolone non-susceptible organisms. Patients without a BLAL were found to have higher rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) (p = .035).
    Conclusions: Lung transplant recipients with BLAL are more likely to develop CDI, possibly due to increased use of carbapenems. We also found that patients without beta-lactam allergy were more likely to develop AKI. A multicenter study with a larger sample size might clarify the individual contributions of mutually confounding clinical parameters.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Aztreonam ; Carbapenems ; Clostridium Infections/epidemiology ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Fluoroquinolones ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/drug therapy ; Lung ; Pneumonia/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplant Recipients ; beta-Lactams/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbapenems ; Fluoroquinolones ; beta-Lactams ; Aztreonam (G2B4VE5GH8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-29
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 1476094-0
    ISSN 1399-3062 ; 1398-2273
    ISSN (online) 1399-3062
    ISSN 1398-2273
    DOI 10.1111/tid.13906
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5100: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  6. Book ; Online: Fast Convex Optimization for Two-Layer ReLU Networks

    Mishkin, Aaron / Sahiner, Arda / Pilanci, Mert

    Equivalent Model Classes and Cone Decompositions

    2022  

    Abstract: We develop fast algorithms and robust software for convex optimization of two-layer neural networks with ReLU activation functions. Our work leverages a convex reformulation of the standard weight-decay penalized training problem as a set of group-$\ ... ...

    Abstract We develop fast algorithms and robust software for convex optimization of two-layer neural networks with ReLU activation functions. Our work leverages a convex reformulation of the standard weight-decay penalized training problem as a set of group-$\ell_1$-regularized data-local models, where locality is enforced by polyhedral cone constraints. In the special case of zero-regularization, we show that this problem is exactly equivalent to unconstrained optimization of a convex "gated ReLU" network. For problems with non-zero regularization, we show that convex gated ReLU models obtain data-dependent approximation bounds for the ReLU training problem. To optimize the convex reformulations, we develop an accelerated proximal gradient method and a practical augmented Lagrangian solver. We show that these approaches are faster than standard training heuristics for the non-convex problem, such as SGD, and outperform commercial interior-point solvers. Experimentally, we verify our theoretical results, explore the group-$\ell_1$ regularization path, and scale convex optimization for neural networks to image classification on MNIST and CIFAR-10.

    Comment: Camera ready version for ICML 2022
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 510
    Publishing date 2022-02-02
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  7. Article ; Online: EFFICACY OF MARIBAVIR IN VALGANCICLOVIR-RESISTANT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS.

    Tsui, Jonathan C / Huang, Vincent / Kolomeyer, Anton M / Miller, Charles G / Mishkin, Aaron / Maguire, Albert M

    Retinal cases & brief reports

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 164–167

    Abstract: Purpose: To determine whether maribavir is effective at treating ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus retinitis.: Methods: Retrospective case report of a lung-transplant patient with bilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis documented with serum and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To determine whether maribavir is effective at treating ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus retinitis.
    Methods: Retrospective case report of a lung-transplant patient with bilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis documented with serum and aqueous humor studies and color fundus photographs.
    Results: A 72-year-old lung-transplant patient with active ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus was treated with intravitreal foscarnet therapy in one eye. Retinitis developed in the contralateral eye and was managed with systemic maribavir alone. Active retinitis regressed in both the eye treated with intravitreal foscarnet and the uninjected eye.
    Conclusion: This patient's results suggest that systemic maribavir is an effective treatment for treatment-resistant cytomegalovirus retinitis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/drug therapy ; Valganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Foscarnet/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole/analogs & derivatives
    Chemical Substances Valganciclovir (GCU97FKN3R) ; Foscarnet (364P9RVW4X) ; maribavir (PTB4X93HE1) ; Ganciclovir (P9G3CKZ4P5) ; Antiviral Agents ; Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole (53-85-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1937-1578
    ISSN (online) 1937-1578
    DOI 10.1097/ICB.0000000000001372
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  8. Book ; Online: Analyzing and Improving Greedy 2-Coordinate Updates for Equality-Constrained Optimization via Steepest Descent in the 1-Norm

    Ramesh, Amrutha Varshini / Mishkin, Aaron / Schmidt, Mark / Zhou, Yihan / Lavington, Jonathan Wilder / She, Jennifer

    2023  

    Abstract: We consider minimizing a smooth function subject to a summation constraint over its variables. By exploiting a connection between the greedy 2-coordinate update for this problem and equality-constrained steepest descent in the 1-norm, we give a ... ...

    Abstract We consider minimizing a smooth function subject to a summation constraint over its variables. By exploiting a connection between the greedy 2-coordinate update for this problem and equality-constrained steepest descent in the 1-norm, we give a convergence rate for greedy selection under a proximal Polyak-Lojasiewicz assumption that is faster than random selection and independent of the problem dimension $n$. We then consider minimizing with both a summation constraint and bound constraints, as arises in the support vector machine dual problem. Existing greedy rules for this setting either guarantee trivial progress only or require $O(n^2)$ time to compute. We show that bound- and summation-constrained steepest descent in the L1-norm guarantees more progress per iteration than previous rules and can be computed in only $O(n \log n)$ time.
    Keywords Mathematics - Optimization and Control ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Statistics - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-07-03
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Strongyloides stercoralis

    Rahman, Farah / Mishkin, Aaron / Jacobs, Samantha E / Caplivski, Daniel / Ward, Stephen / Taimur, Sarah

    Transplantation direct

    2020  Volume 6, Issue 7, Page(s) e573

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2373-8731
    ISSN 2373-8731
    DOI 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001021
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  10. Article: COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit.

    He, Mingyue / Song, Rui / Shaik, Zakir / Gadegbeku, Crystal A / Enderle, Louise / Petyo, Christina / Quinn, Sally B / Pfeffer, Zoe / Murphy, Kathleen / Kelsen, Steven / Mishkin, Aaron D / Lee, Jean / Gillespie, Avrum

    Vaccines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 7

    Abstract: Background: The longitudinal response to the COVID-19 vaccines among patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been well characterized.: Methods: To guide vaccination strategies in patients on hemodialysis, it is ... ...

    Abstract Background: The longitudinal response to the COVID-19 vaccines among patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been well characterized.
    Methods: To guide vaccination strategies in patients on hemodialysis, it is critical to characterize the longevity and efficacy of the vaccine; therefore, we conducted a prospective single-center monthly antibody surveillance study between March 2021 and March 2022 to investigate the dynamic humoral response to a series of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monthly quantitative antibody testing was performed using the Beckman Coulter Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Test©, which detects IgG antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
    Results: This cohort of 30 participants (mean age: 61 ± 3 years) predominantly self-identified as African American (97%) and male (53%). Eight participants (27%) had recovered from COVID-19 (recovered) before the vaccine initiation. All participants received two vaccine doses, and 86.6% received a 6-month booster dose. Among patients naïve to COVID-19, the antibody positivity rate (APR) was 55% post-first-dose, 91% post-second-dose, 50% pre-booster at 6 months, 100% post-booster, and 89% at 6 months post-booster. Recovered patients sustained a consistent 100% APR throughout the year. The naïve patients demonstrated lower peak antibody levels post-second-dose than the recovered patients (17.9 ± 3.2 vs. 44.7 ± 5.6,
    Conclusions: The patients naïve to COVID-19 exhibited an attenuated and foreshortened antibody response following two doses of the mRNA vaccines compared with the recovered patients, who maintained 100% APR before the booster dose. The 6-month booster dose counteracted declining immunity and stimulated antibody responses in the naïve patients, even in previously non-responsive patients. This observation implies that different booster vaccination strategies might be required for COVID-19-naïve and -recovered patients. Post-vaccination antibody testing may serve as a valuable tool for guiding vaccination strategies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines11071252
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