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Article ; Online: Cost-Effectiveness of Antiobesity Drugs for Adolescents With Severe Obesity.

Mital, Shweta / Nguyen, Hai V

JAMA network open

2023 Volume 6, Issue 10, Page(s) e2336400

Abstract: Importance: Although the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended treatment with antiobesity drugs for adolescents, the cost-effectiveness of antiobesity drugs for this population is still unknown.: Objective: To quantify cost-effectiveness of ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Although the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended treatment with antiobesity drugs for adolescents, the cost-effectiveness of antiobesity drugs for this population is still unknown. Objective: To quantify cost-effectiveness of different antiobesity drugs available for pediatric use. Design, setting, and participants: This economic evaluation used a Markov microsimulation model with health states defined by obesity levels. Effectiveness was measured by quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs were calculated from third-party payer perspective, estimated in 2023 US dollars over a 10-year horizon. Data were obtained from the published literature. Intervention: Antiobesity drugs orlistat, liraglutide, semaglutide, and phentermine-topiramate vs no treatment. Metformin hydrochloride and 2 types of bariatric surgical procedures (sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass) were considered in sensitivity analysis. Main outcomes and measures: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Results: Among the 4 antiobesity drugs currently approved for pediatric use, phentermine-topiramate was the most cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $93 620 per QALY relative to no treatment in this simulated cohort of 10 000 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (mode, 15 years) with severe obesity (62% female). While semaglutide offered more QALYs than phentermine-topiramate, its higher cost resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ($1 079 480/QALY) that exceeded the commonly used willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 to $150 000/QALY. Orlistat and liraglutide cost more and were less effective than phentermine-topiramate and semaglutide, respectively. Sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass were more effective than phentermine-topiramate but were also more costly, rendering them not cost-effective compared with phentermine-topiramate at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 to $150 000/QALY. Conclusions and relevance: In this economic evaluation of weight loss drugs for adolescents with severe obesity, we found phentermine-topiramate to be a cost-effective treatment at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 to $150 000/QALY. Further research is needed to determine long-term drug efficacy and how long adolescents continue treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Child ; Male ; Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use ; Obesity, Morbid/drug therapy ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Orlistat/therapeutic use ; Topiramate/therapeutic use ; Liraglutide/therapeutic use ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Phentermine/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-Obesity Agents ; Orlistat (95M8R751W8) ; Topiramate (0H73WJJ391) ; Liraglutide (839I73S42A) ; Phentermine (C045TQL4WP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36400
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Article ; Online: Examining Safer Opioid Supply Policies-Reply.

Nguyen, Hai V / Mital, Shweta / McGinty, Emma

JAMA internal medicine

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2699338-7
ISSN	2168-6114 ; 2168-6106
ISSN (online)	2168-6114
ISSN	2168-6106
DOI	10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.1220
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Article ; Online: Cost-effectiveness of using artificial intelligence versus polygenic risk score to guide breast cancer screening.

Mital, Shweta / Nguyen, Hai V

BMC cancer

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 501

Abstract: Background: Current guidelines for mammography screening for breast cancer vary across agencies, especially for women aged 40-49. Using artificial Intelligence (AI) to read mammography images has been shown to predict breast cancer risk with higher ... ...

Abstract	Background: Current guidelines for mammography screening for breast cancer vary across agencies, especially for women aged 40-49. Using artificial Intelligence (AI) to read mammography images has been shown to predict breast cancer risk with higher accuracy than alternative approaches including polygenic risk scores (PRS), raising the question whether AI-based screening is more cost-effective than screening based on PRS or existing guidelines. This study provides the first evidence to shed light on this important question. Methods: This study is a model-based economic evaluation. We used a hybrid decision tree/microsimulation model to compare the cost-effectiveness of eight strategies of mammography screening for women aged 40-49 (screening beyond age 50 follows existing guidelines). Six of these strategies were defined by combinations of risk prediction approaches (AI, PRS or family history) and screening frequency for low-risk women (no screening or biennial screening). The other two strategies involved annual screening for all women and no screening, respectively. Data used to populate the model were sourced from the published literature. Results: Risk prediction using AI followed by no screening for low-risk women is the most cost-effective strategy. It dominates (i.e., costs more and generates fewer quality adjusted life years (QALYs)) strategies for risk prediction using PRS followed by no screening or biennial screening for low-risk women, risk prediction using AI or family history followed by biennial screening for low-risk women, and annual screening for all women. It also extendedly dominates (i.e., achieves higher QALYs at a lower incremental cost per QALY) the strategy for risk prediction using family history followed by no screening for low-risk women. Meanwhile, it is cost-effective versus no screening, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $23,755 per QALY gained. Conclusions: Risk prediction using AI followed by no breast cancer screening for low-risk women is the most cost-effective strategy. This finding can be explained by AI's ability to identify high-risk women more accurately than PRS and family history (which reduces the possibility of delayed breast cancer diagnosis) and fewer false-positive diagnoses from not screening low-risk women.
MeSH term(s)	Artificial Intelligence ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography/methods ; Mass Screening/methods ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041352-X
ISSN	1471-2407 ; 1471-2407
ISSN (online)	1471-2407
ISSN	1471-2407
DOI	10.1186/s12885-022-09613-1
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Article ; Online: Changes in Youth Cannabis Use After an Increase in Cannabis Minimum Legal Age in Quebec, Canada.

Nguyen, Hai V / Mital, Shweta

JAMA network open

2022 Volume 5, Issue 6, Page(s) e2217648

Abstract: Importance: In January 2020, Quebec raised the minimum legal age (MLA) for cannabis from 18 to 21 years. Evidence is needed to inform the ongoing debate on this policy. Although proponents believe that a higher MLA will protect youths from the harms of ... ...

Abstract	Importance: In January 2020, Quebec raised the minimum legal age (MLA) for cannabis from 18 to 21 years. Evidence is needed to inform the ongoing debate on this policy. Although proponents believe that a higher MLA will protect youths from the harms of cannabis use, critics argue that it will push them back to the illegal market. Objective: To investigate changes in youth cannabis use after an increase in MLA for cannabis in Quebec. Design, setting, and participants: This cross-sectional study with difference-in-differences analysis compared changes in cannabis use among youths aged 15 to 20 years in Quebec vs all other Canadian provinces before and after Quebec's increase in MLA. All estimates in descriptive and regression analyses were weighted. Nationally representative data from the National Cannabis Surveys 2018-2020 were used. Intervention: Increase in MLA for cannabis in Quebec implemented in January 2020. Main outcomes and measures: Past-3-month cannabis use. Results: The study sample included 1005 respondents (mean [SD] age, 17.5 [1.7] years; 50.2% [SD, 50.0%] male). After policy implementation, the increase in past-3-month cannabis use among youths aged 18 to 20 was 16.4 percentage points (95% CI, -27.3 to -5.5 percentage points; P = .01), or 51%, lower in Quebec than in other provinces. Meanwhile, no significant change in cannabis use among youths aged 15 to 17 years was found. The results were robust to several checks, including accounting for possible confounding effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cannabis use. Conclusions and relevance: In this study, an increase in the MLA from 18 to 21 years in Quebec was associated with a significantly lower increase in cannabis use among youths aged 18 to 20 years but no change in cannabis use among those aged 15 to 17 years. These findings can help to alleviate concerns that youths would switch to illegal markets in response to a higher MLA.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; COVID-19 ; Canada/epidemiology ; Cannabis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Quebec/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17648
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Article ; Online: Effects of e-cigarette use on mental health among youths: quasi-experimental evidence from Canada.

Nguyen, Hai V / Mital, Shweta

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2022 Volume 117, Issue 10, Page(s) 2673–2682

Abstract: Background and aims: Existing research on mental health comorbidities of youth e-cigarette use is subject to confounding bias and reverse causality. This study aimed to measure the effects of e-cigarette use on youth mental health, using e-cigarette ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Existing research on mental health comorbidities of youth e-cigarette use is subject to confounding bias and reverse causality. This study aimed to measure the effects of e-cigarette use on youth mental health, using e-cigarette minimum legal age (MLA) law in Canada as a natural experiment. Design: We used difference-in-differences (DD), difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) and two-sample instrumental variables (TSIV) methods. Setting: Data were from nationally representative Canadian Community Health Surveys 2008-2019 and Canadian Student Tobacco Alcohol and Drugs Surveys 2008-2019. Participants: The study sample comprised of respondents aged 15 to 18 (in DD analysis; n = 33 858) and aged 15 to 24 (in DDD analysis; n = 78 689). Measurements: Primary outcomes were self-reported mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Secondary outcomes were cannabis use, illicit drug use, cigarette use and strength of peer relationships at schools. Findings: After the e-cigarette MLA laws, risks of mood disorders declined by 1.9 percentage points (95% CI, 0.0-3.8; P = 0.05) in the DD analysis and by 2.6 percentage points (95% CI, 0.2-5.0; P = 0.03) in the DDD analysis. For anxiety disorders, while the DD estimate was negative but imprecisely estimated, the MLA law reduced risks of anxiety disorder by 3.6 percentage points (95% CI, 0.9-6.2; P = 0.01) in the DDD analysis. Youths in provinces with MLA laws were also less likely to report cannabis use and illicit drug use and more likely to feel being part of schools. TSIV analysis indicates that youth e-cigarette use increased the likelihood of mood and anxiety disorders by 44% and 37%, respectively. Conclusion and relevance: In Canada, the e-cigarette minimum legal age law appears to have reduced risks of mood and anxiety disorders, lowered substance use and improved peer relationships at schools. Combined with previous evidence of lower e-cigarette use following the minimum legal age law, our findings indicate that youth e-cigarette use increases risks of mood and anxiety disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Canada/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Illicit Drugs ; Mental Health ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Vaping/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Illicit Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.15943
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Article ; Online: British Columbia's Safer Opioid Supply Policy and Opioid Outcomes.

Nguyen, Hai V / Mital, Shweta / Bugden, Shawn / McGinty, Emma E

JAMA internal medicine

2024 Volume 184, Issue 3, Page(s) 256–264

Abstract: Importance: In March 2020, British Columbia, Canada, became the first jurisdiction globally to launch a large-scale provincewide safer supply policy. The policy allowed individuals with opioid use disorder at high risk of overdose or poisoning to ... ...

Abstract	Importance: In March 2020, British Columbia, Canada, became the first jurisdiction globally to launch a large-scale provincewide safer supply policy. The policy allowed individuals with opioid use disorder at high risk of overdose or poisoning to receive pharmaceutical-grade opioids prescribed by a physician or nurse practitioner, but to date, opioid-related outcomes after policy implementation have not been explored. Objective: To investigate the association of British Columbia's Safer Opioid Supply policy with opioid prescribing and opioid-related health outcomes. Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study used quarterly province-level data from quarter 1 of 2016 (January 1, 2016) to quarter 1 of 2022 (March 31, 2022), from British Columbia, where the Safer Opioid Supply policy was implemented, and Manitoba and Saskatchewan, where the policy was not implemented (comparison provinces). Exposure: Safer Opioid Supply policy implemented in British Columbia in March 2020. Main outcomes and measures: The main outcomes were rates of prescriptions, claimants, and prescribers of opioids targeted by the Safer Opioid Supply policy (hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, and fentanyl); opioid-related poisoning hospitalizations; and deaths from apparent opioid toxicity. Difference-in-differences analysis was used to compare changes in outcomes before and after policy implementation in British Columbia with those in the comparison provinces. Results: The Safer Opioid Supply policy was associated with statistically significant increases in rates of opioid prescriptions (2619.6 per 100 000 population; 95% CI, 1322.1-3917.0 per 100 000 population; P < .001) and claimants (176.4 per 100 000 population; 95% CI, 33.5-319.4 per 100 000 population; P = .02). There was no significant change in prescribers (15.7 per 100 000 population; 95% CI, -0.2 to 31.6 per 100 000 population; P = .053). However, the opioid-related poisoning hospitalization rate increased by 3.2 per 100 000 population (95% CI, 0.9-5.6 per 100 000 population; P = .01) after policy implementation. There were no statistically significant changes in deaths from apparent opioid toxicity (1.6 per 100 000 population; 95% CI, -1.3 to 4.5 per 100 000 population; P = .26). Conclusions and relevance: Two years after its launch, the Safer Opioid Supply policy in British Columbia was associated with higher rates of safer supply opioid prescribing but also with a significant increase in opioid-related poisoning hospitalizations. These findings will help inform ongoing debates about this policy not only in British Columbia but also in other jurisdictions that are contemplating it.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Drug Overdose/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2699338-7
ISSN	2168-6114 ; 2168-6106
ISSN (online)	2168-6114
ISSN	2168-6106
DOI	10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.7570
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Article ; Online: Cost-Effectiveness of Lecanemab for Individuals With Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease.

Nguyen, Hai V / Mital, Shweta / Knopman, David S / Alexander, G Caleb

Neurology

2024 Volume 102, Issue 7, Page(s) e209218

Abstract: Background and objectives: Little is known regarding the cost-effectiveness of lecanemab (Leqembi), a monoclonal antibody approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2023 for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Little is known regarding the cost-effectiveness of lecanemab (Leqembi), a monoclonal antibody approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2023 for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aims to quantify the cost-effectiveness of lecanemab and how it varies based on the accuracy of AD testing and individuals' Methods: Seven alternative test-treat-target strategies defined by combinations of testing approaches (PET, CSF, or plasma assay), treatment choices (standard of care [SoC] alone or lecanemab in addition to SoC), and targeting strategies (targeting Results: Among the 7 test-treat-target strategies, SoC alone was the optimal strategy from a cost-effectiveness perspective. Neither targeted lecanemab treatment nor treatment unrestricted by Discussion: Neither targeted lecanemab treatment nor treatment unrestricted by
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Apolipoprotein E4/genetics ; Dementia/diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Chemical Substances	lecanemab (12PYH0FTU9) ; Apolipoprotein E4 ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/WNL.0000000000209218
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Article ; Online: Cost-effectiveness of procedure-less intragastric balloon therapy as substitute or complement to bariatric surgery.

Mital, Shweta / Nguyen, Hai V

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) e0254063

Abstract: Background: Procedure-less intragastric balloon (PIGB) eliminates costs and risks of endoscopic placement/removal and involves lower risk of serious complications compared with bariatric surgery, albeit with lower weight loss. Given the vast unmet need ... ...

Abstract	Background: Procedure-less intragastric balloon (PIGB) eliminates costs and risks of endoscopic placement/removal and involves lower risk of serious complications compared with bariatric surgery, albeit with lower weight loss. Given the vast unmet need for obesity treatment, an important question is whether PIGB treatment is cost-effective-either stand-alone or as a bridge to bariatric surgery. Methods: We developed a microsimulation model to compare the costs and effectiveness of six treatment strategies: PIGB, gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy as stand-alone treatments, PIGB as a bridge to gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, and no treatment. Results: PIGB as a bridge to bariatric surgery is less costly and more effective than bariatric surgery alone as it helps to achieve a lower post-operative BMI. Of the six strategies, PIGB as a bridge to sleeve gastrectomy is the most cost-effective with an ICER of $3,781 per QALY gained. While PIGB alone is not cost-effective compared with bariatric surgery, it is cost-effective compared with no treatment with an ICER of $21,711 per QALY. Conclusions: PIGB can yield cost savings and improve health outcomes if used as a bridge to bariatric surgery and is cost-effective as a stand-alone treatment for patients lacking access or unwilling to undergo surgery.
MeSH term(s)	Bariatric Surgery/economics ; Body Mass Index ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Gastrectomy/economics ; Gastric Balloon/economics ; Humans ; Markov Chains ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery ; Obesity, Morbid/therapy ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Weight Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0254063
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Article ; Online: Recreational and Medical Cannabis Legalization and Opioid Prescriptions and Mortality.

Nguyen, Hai V / McGinty, Emma E / Mital, Shweta / Alexander, G Caleb

JAMA health forum

2024 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) e234897

Abstract: Importance: While some have argued that cannabis legalization has helped to reduce opioid-related morbidity and mortality in the US, evidence has been mixed. Moreover, existing studies did not account for biases that could arise when policy effects vary ...

Abstract	Importance: While some have argued that cannabis legalization has helped to reduce opioid-related morbidity and mortality in the US, evidence has been mixed. Moreover, existing studies did not account for biases that could arise when policy effects vary over time or across states or when multiple policies are assessed at the same time, as in the case of recreational and medical cannabis legalization. Objective: To quantify changes in opioid prescriptions and opioid overdose deaths associated with recreational and medical cannabis legalization in the US. Design, setting, and participants: This quasiexperimental, generalized difference-in-differences analysis used annual state-level data between January 2006 and December 2020 to compare states that legalized recreational or medical cannabis vs those that did not. Intervention: Recreational and medical cannabis law implementation (proxied by recreational and medical cannabis dispensary openings) between 2006 and 2020 across US states. Main outcomes and measures: Opioid prescription rates per 100 persons and opioid overdose deaths per 100 000 population based on data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: Between 2006 and 2020, 13 states legalized recreational cannabis and 23 states legalized medical cannabis. There was no statistically significant association of recreational or medical cannabis laws with opioid prescriptions or overall opioid overdose mortality across the 15-year study period, although the results also suggested a potential reduction in synthetic opioid deaths associated with recreational cannabis laws (4.9 fewer deaths per 100 000 population; 95% CI, -9.49 to -0.30; P = .04). Sensitivity analyses excluding state economic indicators, accounting for additional opioid laws and using alternative ways to code treatment dates yielded substantively similar results, suggesting the absence of statistically significant associations between cannabis laws and the outcomes of interest during the full study period. Conclusions and relevance: The results of this study suggest that, after accounting for biases due to possible heterogeneous effects and simultaneous assessment of recreational and medical cannabis legalization, the implementation of recreational or medical cannabis laws was not associated with opioid prescriptions or opioid mortality, with the exception of a possible reduction in synthetic opioid deaths associated with recreational cannabis law implementation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; Legislation, Drug ; Medical Marijuana/adverse effects ; Medical Marijuana/therapeutic use ; Opiate Overdose/mortality ; Prescriptions ; Marijuana Use/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Medical Marijuana
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2689-0186
ISSN (online)	2689-0186
DOI	10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.4897
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Article ; Online: Association between non-medical cannabis legalization and alcohol sales: Quasi-experimental evidence from Canada.

Mital, Shweta / Bishop, Lisa / Bugden, Shawn / Grootendorst, Paul / Nguyen, Hai V

Drug and alcohol dependence

2024 Volume 257, Page(s) 111137

Abstract: Background: There is increasing interest in understanding the impact of non-medical cannabis legalization on use of other substances, especially alcohol. Evidence on whether cannabis is a substitute or complement for alcohol is both mixed and limited. ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is increasing interest in understanding the impact of non-medical cannabis legalization on use of other substances, especially alcohol. Evidence on whether cannabis is a substitute or complement for alcohol is both mixed and limited. This study provides the first quasi-experimental evidence on the impact of Canada's legalization of non-medical cannabis on beer and spirits sales. Methods: We used the interrupted time series design and monthly data on beer sales between January 2012 and February 2020 and spirits sales between January 2016 and February 2020 across Canada to investigate changes in beer and spirits sales following Canada's cannabis legalization in October 2018. We examined changes in total sales, nationally and in individual provinces, as well as changes in sales of bottled, canned and kegged beer. Results: Canada-wide beer sales fell by 96 hectoliters per 100,000 population (p=0.011) immediately after non-medical cannabis legalization and by 4 hectoliters per 100,000 population (p>0.05) each month thereafter for an average monthly reduction of 136 hectoliters per 100,000 population (p<0.001) post-legalization. However, the legalization was associated with no change in spirits sales. Beer sales reduced in all provinces except the Atlantic provinces. By beer type, the legalization was associated with declines in sales of canned and kegged beer but there was no reduction in sales of bottled beer. Conclusions: Non-medical cannabis legalization was associated with a decline in beer sales in Canada, suggesting substitution of non-medical cannabis for beer. However, there was no change in spirits sales following the legalization.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cannabis ; Alcoholic Beverages ; Ethanol ; Canada/epidemiology ; Beer ; Legislation, Drug
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	519918-9
ISSN	1879-0046 ; 0376-8716
ISSN (online)	1879-0046
ISSN	0376-8716
DOI	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111137
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