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Article ; Online: Effects of EDTA on chemiluminescent immunoassay measurement of ACTH, cortisol, and thyroid hormones in dogs.

Hirsch, A L / Fletcher, J M / Mitchell, M A

2021 Volume 79, Page(s) 106707

Abstract: When measuring blood hormones, pre-analytical sample handling can impact the quality of the results. Previous studies have shown improved stability of canine cortisol in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma compared to serum and ... ...

Abstract	When measuring blood hormones, pre-analytical sample handling can impact the quality of the results. Previous studies have shown improved stability of canine cortisol in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma compared to serum and interchangeability of serum and plasma when cortisol is measured by radioimmunoassay. Additionally, cortisol samples were also interchangeable when measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay if the EDTA concentration was consistent with that of optimally filled tubes, whereas excess EDTA interfered with the measurement of cortisol and serum and EDTA plasma were not interchangeable when measuring total thyroxine (TT4). The main limitation of these studies was that they were performed by spiking pooled serum samples with EDTA or in previously collected blood samples submitted to a clinical pathology laboratory. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of EDTA on the measurement of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, TT4, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in healthy dogs using the Siemens IMMULITE 1000. Whole blood from forty dogs was aliquoted into three Monoject sample tubes: no additive, completely filled EDTA tube, and 50% filled EDTA tube. Handling and storage conditions were identical, and all samples were analyzed on the same day. Bland-Altman plots and Passing-Bablok regression were used to assess agreement and risks for error, respectively. Proportional errors were found between serum and plasma samples for ACTH, cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH; systematic errors were also found for FT4. There was poor agreement and clinically significant differences between the measured concentrations of all hormones in serum and plasma, proving that these sample types are not interchangeable. Incompletely filled EDTA tubes were associated with significantly lower ACTH concentrations compared to completely filled EDTA tubes. When measured by chemiluminescent immunoassays that utilize alkaline phosphatase at the reporter enzyme, serum should be used for cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH, while plasma from completely filled EDTA tubes should be used for ACTH.
MeSH term(s)	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Animals ; Dogs ; Edetic Acid ; Hydrocortisone ; Immunoassay/methods ; Immunoassay/veterinary ; Thyroid Hormones ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine
Chemical Substances	Thyroid Hormones ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (9002-60-2) ; Thyrotropin (9002-71-5) ; Edetic Acid (9G34HU7RV0) ; Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4) ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	594468-5
ISSN	1879-0054 ; 0739-7240
ISSN (online)	1879-0054
ISSN	0739-7240
DOI	10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106707
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Article: Effects of EDTA on chemiluminescent immunoassay measurement of ACTH, cortisol, and thyroid hormones in dogs

Hirsch, A.L. / Fletcher, J.M. / Mitchell, M.A.

Domestic animal endocrinology. 2022 Apr., v. 79

2022

Abstract	When measuring blood hormones, pre-analytical sample handling can impact the quality of the results. Previous studies have shown improved stability of canine cortisol in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma compared to serum and interchangeability of serum and plasma when cortisol is measured by radioimmunoassay. Additionally, cortisol samples were also interchangeable when measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay if the EDTA concentration was consistent with that of optimally filled tubes, whereas excess EDTA interfered with the measurement of cortisol and serum and EDTA plasma were not interchangeable when measuring total thyroxine (TT4). The main limitation of these studies was that they were performed by spiking pooled serum samples with EDTA or in previously collected blood samples submitted to a clinical pathology laboratory. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of EDTA on the measurement of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, TT4, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in healthy dogs using the Siemens IMMULITE 1000. Whole blood from forty dogs was aliquoted into three Monoject sample tubes: no additive, completely filled EDTA tube, and 50% filled EDTA tube. Handling and storage conditions were identical, and all samples were analyzed on the same day. Bland-Altman plots and Passing-Bablok regression were used to assess agreement and risks for error, respectively. Proportional errors were found between serum and plasma samples for ACTH, cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH; systematic errors were also found for FT4. There was poor agreement and clinically significant differences between the measured concentrations of all hormones in serum and plasma, proving that these sample types are not interchangeable. Incompletely filled EDTA tubes were associated with significantly lower ACTH concentrations compared to completely filled EDTA tubes. When measured by chemiluminescent immunoassays that utilize alkaline phosphatase at the reporter enzyme, serum should be used for cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH, while plasma from completely filled EDTA tubes should be used for ACTH.
Keywords	EDTA (chelating agent) ; alkaline phosphatase ; blood serum ; chemiluminescence ; corticotropin ; cortisol ; dogs ; domestic animals ; radioimmunoassays ; thyroxine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	594468-5
ISSN	1879-0054 ; 0739-7240
ISSN (online)	1879-0054
ISSN	0739-7240
DOI	10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106707
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Article: Metabolic disease in poultry - shared mechanisms of cardiovascular and muscle pathologies?

Mitchell, M. A.

British poultry abstracts

2015 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 6

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2191680-9
ISSN	1746-6202
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: A clean procedure for formula preparation.

MITCHELL, M A

The American journal of nursing

2010 Volume 47, Issue 5, Page(s) 304–306

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Infant
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390780-6
ISSN	0002-936X
ISSN	0002-936X
DOI	10.1097/00000446-194705000-00020
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Article: Protecting poultry during transport: balancing production, welfare and economics

Kettlewell, P. J. / Mitchell, M. A.

British poultry abstracts

2016 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 6

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2191680-9
ISSN	1746-6202
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Comparison of thermal imaging and rectal temperature in the diagnosis of pyrexia in pre-weaned calves using on farm conditions.

Bell, D J / Macrae, A I / Mitchell, M A / Mason, C S / Jennings, A / Haskell, M J

Research in veterinary science

2020 Volume 131, Page(s) 259–265

Abstract: Measuring core body temperature is used as part of the diagnostic process in assessing the health of animals. Typically in calves, this is carried out using a rectal thermometer which can be time consuming, stressful to the calf and is invasive by nature. ...

Abstract	Measuring core body temperature is used as part of the diagnostic process in assessing the health of animals. Typically in calves, this is carried out using a rectal thermometer which can be time consuming, stressful to the calf and is invasive by nature. A non-invasive technique that is gaining recognition is thermal imaging. This study investigated the use of thermal imaging as a technique to assess core body temperature in pre-weaned artificially reared calves. A total of 125 male and female calves had rectal temperatures measured daily from day 7 until day 40 of life, and at the same time had a thermal image taken of the area around the medial canthus of the eye. A weak correlation (r = 0.28) was found between calf rectal temperature and thermal image temperature. A multivariable predictive model for core body temperature increased the correlation (r = 0.32) when including the environmental parameters of air temperature (p < .001) and wind speed (p < .001) as well as reconstituted milk replacer consumption (p < .01). The effectiveness of a predictive model including these parameters for the detection of calves with a core body temperature ≥ 39.5 °C was examined and found to have a sensitivity of 0% and a specificity of 100%. The results of this study demonstrate the need to take thermal environmental parameters into consideration when using thermal imaging to assess body temperature. However, the results suggest that accurate measures of core body temperature using thermal imaging cannot be achieved under commercial farm conditions. Further research is needed to determine what other factors could be measured to increase predictive ability.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Body Temperature ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/diagnosis ; Female ; Fever/diagnosis ; Fever/veterinary ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.004
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Article ; Online: Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of insulin aspart assessed by use of the isoglycemic clamp method in healthy cats.

Pipe-Martin, H N / Fletcher, J M / Gilor, C / Mitchell, M A

Domestic animal endocrinology

2018 Volume 62, Page(s) 60–66

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of insulin aspart in healthy cats following intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) injection. Eight healthy, purpose-bred cats were used in a randomized, ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of insulin aspart in healthy cats following intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) injection. Eight healthy, purpose-bred cats were used in a randomized, crossover study design. Each cat had 2 isoglycemic clamps performed, one after receiving 0.25 IU/kg of insulin aspart by IM injection and one after receiving the same dose by SC injection. The two isoglycemic clamps were performed on different days, at least 48 h apart. The blood glucose, plasma endogenous insulin, and plasma insulin aspart concentrations were measured and the glucose infusion rate (GIR) was recorded during the clamp. The GIR over time was used to create a time-action curve for each clamp which was used to describe the PD of insulin aspart. Data that are normally distributed are reported as mean ± SD, while data that are not normally distributed are reported as median (25-75 percentile). When compared to the PD data that have been reported for regular insulin in healthy cats, insulin aspart had a more rapid onset (IM: 10 min [10-21.25 min], SC: 12.5 min [10-18.75 min]) and shorter duration of action (IM: 182.5 ± 34.33 min, SC: 159.38 ± 41.87 min). The onset of action (P = 0.795), time to peak action (P = 0.499), duration of action (P = 0.301), and total metabolic effect (P = 0.603) did not differ with route of administration; however, SC administration did result in a higher maximum plasma insulin aspart concentration (IM: 1,265.17 pmol/L [999.69-1,433.89 pmol/L], SC: 3,278.19 pmol/L [2,485.29-4,132.01 pmol/L], P = 0.000) and larger area under the insulin aspart vs time curve (IM: 82,662 ± 30,565 pmol/L, SC: 135,060 ± 39,026 pmol/L, P = 0.010). Insulin aspart has a rapid onset of action and short duration of effect in healthy cats when administered by IM and SC injection. Although it cannot be assumed that the PD and PK of insulin aspart will be the same in cats with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), our data support further investigation into the use of SC insulin aspart as an alternative to regular insulin for the treatment of DKA in cats.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Blood Glucose ; Cats ; Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Glucose Clamp Technique/veterinary ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin Aspart/pharmacokinetics ; Insulin Aspart/pharmacology ; Male ; Overweight/veterinary ; Weight Loss
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Insulin ; Insulin Aspart (D933668QVX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	594468-5
ISSN	1879-0054 ; 0739-7240
ISSN (online)	1879-0054
ISSN	0739-7240
DOI	10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.09.002
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Article: Effect of flock age on activity budgets of turkeys during commercial production

Martin, J. E. / Farish, M. / Mitchell, M. A.

British poultry abstracts

2016 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 12

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2191680-9
ISSN	1746-6202
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Conference proceedings ; Online: Results of a desk study on best practices for animal transport

Mitchell, M.A. / Spoolder, H.A.M.

Book of Abstracts of the 67th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production ; ISBN: 9789086868308

2016

Abstract: The EU has provides a harmonised legal framework for animal transport. Part of that framework is the EU adopted Regulation (EC) 1/2005. The content and impact of the Regulation has been the subject of a Scientific Opinion by EFSA in 2011 followed in 2012 ...

Abstract	The EU has provides a harmonised legal framework for animal transport. Part of that framework is the EU adopted Regulation (EC) 1/2005. The content and impact of the Regulation has been the subject of a Scientific Opinion by EFSA in 2011 followed in 2012 by an impact report from the Commission to the EuropeanParliament and the Council. Three key recommendations were formulated the latter of which stated ‘As regards the gap between the requirements of the legislation and available scientific evidence the Commission sees that this is best addressed by the adoption of guides to good practice’. It is expected that the development of Guides to Good and Best Practice can improve the welfare of animals during transportation, particularly by reducing national and regional differences in interpretation of the requirements of the Regulation. TheTransport Guides project was commissioned by DG SANTE to produce Guides to Good Practice for cattle, sheep, pigs, horses and poultry in the European Union (http://www.animaltransportguides.eu). The project has been undertaken by a research consortium comprised of 16 representative organisations from 9 Member States and a stakeholder platform with 10 member organisations. The first phase of this project involved the examination of a wide range of information sources and literature to identify and evaluate available recommendations for good and best practices during all stages of transport. Good practices are those that reflect the requirements in the legislation. Best Practices are defined as providing additional guidance on how to exceed legally defined minimum welfare requirements. The first results of this project include analyses of the collected information for each of the species: each species section includes analyses of the practices identified, followed by an overview of all available practices presented in tabulated form. These findings arethe basis for the development of Guides to Good and Best Practices in the next steps of the project, and will be presented at the ...
Keywords	Life Science
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publisher	EAAP scientific committee
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Risk Factors and Outcomes in Cats with Acquired Myasthenia Gravis (2001-2012).

Hague, D W / Humphries, H D / Mitchell, M A / Shelton, G D

Journal of veterinary internal medicine

2015 Volume 29, Issue 5, Page(s) 1307–1312

Abstract: Background: Acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) in cats most commonly causes generalized weakness without megaesophagus and is more often associated with a cranial mediastinal mass, compared to dogs.: Hypothesis/objectives: To extend the clinical ... ...

Abstract	Background: Acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) in cats most commonly causes generalized weakness without megaesophagus and is more often associated with a cranial mediastinal mass, compared to dogs. Hypothesis/objectives: To extend the clinical findings described in the report of 2000 on MG in cats (J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:55-57). Animals: Two hundred and thirty-five cats with MG. Methods: Retrospective case study to evaluate the long-term outcome and incidence of spontaneous remission in myasthenic cats. Information including signalment, clinical presentation, presence of and type of cranial mediastinal mass, treatment including surgical versus medical, survival time, and outcome including spontaneous remissions was collected and analyzed in cats diagnosed at the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, University of California San Diego by detection of acetylcholine receptor antibody titers >0.3 nmol/L by immunoprecipitation radioimmunosassay. Results: Acquired MG in cats is associated with a euthanasia rate of 58%. Abyssinian and Somali cats had an increased incidence of MG compared to mixed breed cats or cats of other breeds. A cranial mediastinal mass, most commonly thymoma, was observed in 52% of the cats, which is higher than in the previous report. Spontaneous remission is not a characteristic of MG in cats. Conclusions and clinical importance: Myasthenia gravis in cats is a chronic disease associated with a high incidence of a cranial mediastinal mass. Spontaneous remission is not common and clinicians should warn owners of the necessity for long-term treatment. The clinical outcome with a cranial mediastinal mass did not differ between surgical or medical treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Cat Diseases/etiology ; Cat Diseases/mortality ; Cat Diseases/therapy ; Cats ; Female ; Male ; Myasthenia Gravis/etiology ; Myasthenia Gravis/mortality ; Myasthenia Gravis/therapy ; Myasthenia Gravis/veterinary ; Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Autoantibodies ; Receptors, Cholinergic
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	92798-3
ISSN	1939-1676 ; 0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
ISSN	0891-6640
DOI	10.1111/jvim.13596
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