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Article ; Online: Blood clots, COVID-19 vaccines and the contraceptive pill: are we heading for a repeat of the 1995 pill scare?

Mitra, Anita

BMJ sexual & reproductive health

2021 Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 303–304

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Contraceptive Agents ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thrombosis
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Contraceptive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ISSN	2515-2009
ISSN (online)	2515-2009
DOI	10.1136/bmjsrh-2021-201219
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Article: Current Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Bacterial Pathogens among Adult and Pediatric Patients in the Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata, India.

Chakraborty, Mandira / Sardar, Sayani / De, Rituparna / Biswas, Malabika / Mascellino, Maria Teresa / Miele, Maria Claudia / Biswas, Silpak / Mitra, Anita Nandi

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Nosocomial infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are among the main causes of morbidity and death in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for treating the patients ... ...

Abstract	Nosocomial infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are among the main causes of morbidity and death in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for treating the patients with nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to describe the antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogens causing infections in adult and pediatric patients in the ICUs of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India. A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted from January 2022 to October 2022 on a total of 139 adult and 146 pediatric patients. Depending on clinical symptoms of the patients, samples were collected and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing. The culture and sensitivity pattern of clinical isolates from blood, urine, sputum, endotracheal tube (ET) aspirate, and central line catheter insertion site swabs were analyzed. A total of 695 and 556 specimens were obtained from adult and pediatric ICU, respectively. Culture positivity rate among adults and pediatric patients were 37% and 40%, respectively. The most commonly isolated organisms were Gram-negative Enterobacterales and non-fermenters. Most of the bacterial isolates showed very high resistance against multiple antibiotics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics12030459
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Article ; Online: The menstrual cycle and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mitra, Anita / Verbakel, Jan Y / Kasaven, Lorraine S / Tzafetas, Menelaos / Grewal, Karen / Jones, Benjamin / Bennett, Phillip R / Kyrgiou, Maria / Saso, Srdjan

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e0290413

Abstract: Background: The impact of COVID-19 virus on menstrual cycles in unvaccinated women is limited.: Objective: To investigate the prevalence of changes to menstrual cycle characteristics, hormonal symptoms and lifestyle changes prior to and during the ... ...

Abstract	Background: The impact of COVID-19 virus on menstrual cycles in unvaccinated women is limited. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of changes to menstrual cycle characteristics, hormonal symptoms and lifestyle changes prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective online cross-sectional survey completed by social media users between July 2020 to October 2020. Participants were living in the United Kingdom (UK), premenopausal status and, or over 18 years of age. Main outcome(s) and measures(s): The primary outcome was to assess changes to menstrual cycle characteristics during the pandemic following the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Secondary outcomes included assessment of hormonal and lifestyle changes. Results: 15,611 social media users completed the survey. Of which, 75% of participants experienced a change in their menstrual cycle, with significantly greater proportions reporting irregular menstrual cycles (P<0·001), bleeding duration more than seven days (P<0·001), longer mean cycle length (P<0·001) and overall bleeding duration (P<0·001). Over half the participants reported worsening of premenstrual symptoms including low mood/depression, anxiety and irritability. When stratified according to COVID-19 infection, there was no significant difference in menstrual cycle changes. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in considerable variation in menstrual cycle characteristics and hormonal symptoms. This appears to be related to societal and lifestyle changes resulting from the pandemic, rather than to the virus itself. We believe this may have an impact on the individual, as well as national economy, healthcare, and population levels, and therefore suggest this should be taken into consideration by governments, healthcare providers and employers when developing pandemic recovery plans.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Menstrual Cycle
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0290413
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Article ; Online: Long-term outcomes of penile squamous cell carcinoma in men age ≤50 years old compared with men >50 years old from a single tertiary referral centre: a propensity score matched analysis.

Pang, Karl H / Fallara, Giuseppe / Hemat, Morwarid / Ghosh, Akash / Haider, Aiman / Freeman, Alex / Hadway, Paul / Nigam, Raj / Rees, Rowland / Mitra, Anita / Alifrangis, Constantine / Muneer, Asif / Alnajjar, Hussain M

International journal of impotence research

2024

Abstract: Penile cancer (PeCa) is rare, and the oncological outcomes in younger men are unclear. We aimed to analyse and compare oncological outcomes of men age ≤50 years (y) and >50 years with PeCa. A retrospective analysis of men ≤50 y with penile squamous cell ... ...

Abstract	Penile cancer (PeCa) is rare, and the oncological outcomes in younger men are unclear. We aimed to analyse and compare oncological outcomes of men age ≤50 years (y) and >50 years with PeCa. A retrospective analysis of men ≤50 y with penile squamous cell carcinoma managed at a tertiary centre was performed. A propensity score matched cohort of men >50 y was identified for comparison. Matching was according to tumour, nodal stage and the types of primary surgery. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and metastasis-free survivals (MFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier plots and compared using log-rank tests. Between 2005-2020, 100 men ≤50 y (median (IQR) age, 46 y (40-49)) were identified and matched with 100 men >50 y (median (IQR) age, 65 y (59-73)). 10, 24, 32, 34 men age ≤50 y were diagnosed in 2005-2007, 2008-2012, 2013-2016 and 2017-2020 respectively. Median (IQR) follow-up was 53.5 (18-96) months. OS at 2 years: ≤50 y, 86%>50 y, 80.6%; 5 years: ≤50 y, 78.1%, >50 y, 63.1%; 10 years: ≤50 y, 72.3%, >50 y, 45.6% (p = 0.01). DSS at 2 years: ≤50 y, 87.2%>50 y, 87.8%; 5 years: ≤50 y, 80.9%>50 y, 78.2%; 10 years: ≤50 y, 78%, >50 y, 70.9% (p = 0.74). RFS was 93.1% in the ≤50 y group (vs. >50 y, 96.5%) at 2 year, and 90% (vs. >50 y, 88.5%) at 5 years, p = 0.81. Within the ≤50 y group, 2 years and 5 years MFS was 93% (vs. >50 y, 96.5%), and 89.5% (vs. >50 y, 92.7%) respectively, (p = 0.40). There were no statistical significance in DFS, RFS and MFS in men age ≤50 y and >50 y. PeCa in younger patients is fatal, public awareness and patient education are crucial for early detection and management.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1034295-3
ISSN	1476-5489 ; 0955-9930
ISSN (online)	1476-5489
ISSN	0955-9930
DOI	10.1038/s41443-024-00842-5
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Article ; Online: Outcomes of minimal access retroperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.

Newton, Claire / Graham, Radha / Liberale, Viola / Burnell, Matthew / Menon, Usha / Mould, Tim / Olaitan, Adeola / Macdonald, Nicola / Widschwendter, Martin / Doufekas, Kostas / McCormack, Mary / Mitra, Anita / Arora, Rupali / Manchanda, Ranjit

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

2024 Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 2344529

Abstract: Background: To evaluate outcomes of laparoscopic retroperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy for stage 1b3-3b cervical cancer.: Methods: Pathology databases searched for all para-aortic lymphadenectomy cases 2005-2016. Descriptive statistics were ... ...

Abstract	Background: To evaluate outcomes of laparoscopic retroperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy for stage 1b3-3b cervical cancer. Methods: Pathology databases searched for all para-aortic lymphadenectomy cases 2005-2016. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse baseline characteristics, cox models for treatment affect after accounting for variables, and Kaplan Meier curves for survival (STATA v15). Results: 191 patients had 1b3-3b cervical cancer of which 110 patients had Para-aortic lymphadenectomy. 8 (7.3%) patients stage 1b3, 82 (74.6%) stage 2b, and 20 (18.1%) stage 3b cervical cancer. Mean lymph node count 11.7 (SD7.6). The intra-operative and post-operative 30 day complication rates were 8.8% (CI: 4.3%, 15.7%) and 5.3% (CI: 1.9%, 11.2%) respectively.Para-aortic nodes were apparently positive on CT/MRI in 5/110 (5%) cases. Cancer was found in 10 (8.9%, CI: 4.3%, 15.7%) cases on histology, all received extended field radiotherapy. Only 2 were identified on pre-operative CT/MRI imaging. 3 of 10 suspected node-positive cases on CT/MRI had negative histology. Para-aortic lymphadenectomy led to alteration in staging and radiotherapy management in 8 (8%, CI: 3.7%, 14.6%) patients. Mean overall survival 42.81 months (SD = 31.79 months). Survival was significantly higher for women undergoing PAN (50.57 (SD 30.7) months) compared to those who didn't (31.27 (SD 32.5) months). Conclusion: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy is an acceptable procedure which can guide treatment in women with locally advanced cervical cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality ; Lymph Node Excision/methods ; Lymph Node Excision/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Laparoscopy/methods ; Laparoscopy/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Neoplasm Staging ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604639-3
ISSN	1364-6893 ; 0144-3615
ISSN (online)	1364-6893
ISSN	0144-3615
DOI	10.1080/01443615.2024.2344529
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Article: Transvaginal Saline Contrast Sonohystography to Investigate Postmenopausal Bleeding: A Systematic Review.

Tahmasebi, Farshad / Stewart, Sarah / Mitra, Anita / Morje, Mridula / Sayasneh, Ahmad

Cureus

2020 Volume 12, Issue 8, Page(s) e10094

Abstract: Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is the initial investigation of choice for postmenopausal bleeding (PMB), followed by diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling if abnormalities are detected. Saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) - injection of ... ...

Abstract	Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is the initial investigation of choice for postmenopausal bleeding (PMB), followed by diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling if abnormalities are detected. Saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) - injection of saline through the cervix into the uterine cavity prior to TVUS - allowed increased diagnostic accuracy in women with PMB in several small, heterogeneous studies. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SCSH in women with PMB, comparing findings with surgical and pathological reports, highlight the necessity of SCSH in guiding clinical decision-making, and establish if there is an increase/decrease in the number of hysteroscopies performed for PMB and, hence, the adherence of clinicians to imaging referral guidelines. The search strategy included formulating search terms identifying all synonyms of SCSH and postmenopause. The databases searched were MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Only studies comparing SCSH to an alternative method were selected. The studies were screened and data analysis performed using content analysis. Data reduction was performed through systematic coding and the generation of themes We identified 18 studies, comprising 974 women, using SCSH to evaluate the endometrial cavity in women with PMB; most support SCSH improving diagnostic accuracy through delineating intracavitary structures. In effect, SCSH could be a first-line investigative modality to assess the uterine cavity once a larger, well-designed study has been conducted to clarify its specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV). Owing to its relatively non-invasive nature and potentially high diagnostic accuracy, SCSH could allow for more accurate decisions regarding the need for further investigation and subsequent management. Tweetable abstract "Saline contrast sonohysterography improves the diagnostic accuracy of the endometrium in postmenopausal bleeding."
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.10094
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Article ; Online: Long-term biopsy outcomes in prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Singh, Saurabh / Moore, Caroline M / Punwani, Shonit / Mitra, Anita V / Bandula, Steve

Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases

2021 Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 612–622

Abstract: Background: Biopsy after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localised prostate cancer (PCa) is an infrequently used but potentially valuable technique to evaluate local recurrence and predict long-term outcomes.: Methods: We performed a meta- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Biopsy after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localised prostate cancer (PCa) is an infrequently used but potentially valuable technique to evaluate local recurrence and predict long-term outcomes. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of studies until March 2020 where a post-EBRT biopsy was performed on patients with low-to intermediate risk PCa, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The primary outcome was the aggregate post-EBRT positive biopsy rate (≥2 years after EBRT) and the associated odds ratio (OR) of a positive biopsy on biochemical failure (BCF), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). A sensitivity analysis was performed which examined biopsy rate as a function of post-EBRT biopsy protocol, PCa risk, ADT usage and radiation dose. Results: A total of 22 studies were included, of which 10 were randomised controlled trials and 12 were cohort studies. Nine out of the 22 studies used dosing regimens consistent with the 2020 NCCN radiotherapy guidelines. The weighted-average positive biopsy rate across all 22 studies was 32% (95%-CI: 25-39%, n = 3017). In studies where post-treatment biopsy was part of the study protocol, the rate was 35% (95%-CI: 21-38%, n = 2450). In the subgroup of studies that conformed to the 2020 NCCN radiotherapy guidelines, this rate was 22% (95% CI: 19-41%, n = 832). Patients with positive biopsy had a 10-fold higher odds of developing BCF (OR of 10.3, 95%-CI: 3.7-28.7, p < 0.00001), 3-fold higher odds of developing distant metastasis (OR 3.1, 95%-CI: 2.1-4.7, p < 0.00001) and 5-fold higher odds of dying from their PCa (OR 5.1, 95%-CI: 2.6-10, p < 0.00001). Conclusion: A positive biopsy after EBRT is associated with a poor prognosis compared to a negative biopsy. The post-EBRT positive biopsy rate is an important measure which provides additional insight when comparing EBRT to other treatment modalities for PCa.
MeSH term(s)	Biopsy ; Brachytherapy/adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/etiology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	1419277-9
ISSN	1476-5608 ; 1365-7852
ISSN (online)	1476-5608
ISSN	1365-7852
DOI	10.1038/s41391-021-00323-6
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Article ; Online: Deficient Phagocytosis in Circulating Monocytes from Patients with COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis.

Sinha, Bishnu Prasad / Mehta, Priyanka / Hoque, Md Asmaul / Bandopadhyay, Purbita / Nandi, Ayandip / Saha, Ipsita / Nandi Mitra, Anita / Mondal, Asish / Bhattacharjee, Boudhayan / Chamilos, Georgios / Pandey, Rajesh / Basu, Kaushik / Ganguly, Dipyaman

mBio

2023 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e0059023

Abstract: Cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in patients suffering from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in different parts of the world, especially in India. However, specific immune mechanisms that are linked to susceptibility to COVID- ... ...

Abstract	Cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in patients suffering from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in different parts of the world, especially in India. However, specific immune mechanisms that are linked to susceptibility to COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) remain largely unexplored. We aimed to explore whether the differential regulation of circulating cytokines in CAM patients had any potential pathogenic links with myeloid phagocyte function and susceptibility to mucormycosis. A small cohort of Indian patients suffering from CAM (N = 9) as well as COVID-19 patients with no evidence of mucormycosis (N = 5) were recruited in the study. Venous blood was collected from the patients as well as from healthy volunteers (N = 8). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma were isolated. Plasma samples were used to measure a panel of 48 cytokines. CD14
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mucormycosis ; Monocytes ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; COVID-19 ; Phagocytosis ; Cytokines
Chemical Substances	Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mbio.00590-23
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Article ; Online: Genital tract microbiota composition profiles and use of prebiotics and probiotics in gynaecological cancer prevention: review of the current evidence, the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology prevention committee statement.

Mitra, Anita / Gultekin, Murat / Burney Ellis, Laura / Bizzarri, Nicolò / Bowden, Sarah / Taumberger, Nadja / Bracic, Taja / Vieira-Baptista, Pedro / Sehouli, Jalid / Kyrgiou, Maria

The Lancet. Microbe

2023 Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) e291–e300

Abstract: Female genital tract (FGT) microbiota has been associated with the development of gynaecological cancers. Thus, the possibility of whether manipulation of the FGT microbiota can help in the prevention of disease should be investigated. Various prebiotics, ...

Abstract	Female genital tract (FGT) microbiota has been associated with the development of gynaecological cancers. Thus, the possibility of whether manipulation of the FGT microbiota can help in the prevention of disease should be investigated. Various prebiotics, probiotics, and other non-clinician prescribed agents have been reported to have therapeutic effects in cervical disease. Numerous studies have reported an association between human papillomavirus infection and subsequent cervical dysplasia and a decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus species. A continuum of microbiota composition is observed from the vagina to the upper parts of the FGT, but no evidence suggests that manipulation of the vaginal microbiota can help to modify the composition of other FGT compartments. Although prebiotics and probiotics have been reported to be beneficial, the studies are small and of varying design, and high-quality evidence to support their use is lacking. Currently, no studies have examined these therapeutics in other gynaecological malignancies. Thus, recommendation of probiotics, prebiotics, or other over-the-counter supplements for the prevention of gynaecological cancers warrants larger, well designed studies.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Prebiotics ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/prevention & control ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Microbiota ; Genitalia, Female
Chemical Substances	Prebiotics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2666-5247
ISSN (online)	2666-5247
DOI	10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00257-4
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Article ; Online: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum: Outcomes from a specialist center.

Pang, Karl H / Fallara, Giuseppe / Tang, Stanley / Haider, Aiman / Freeman, Alex / Hadway, Paul / Nigam, Raj / Rees, Rowland / Mitra, Anita / Alifrangis, Costi / Bunker, Chris / Alnajjar, Hussain M / Muneer, Asif

Urologic oncology

2023 Volume 41, Issue 12, Page(s) 488.e11–488.e18

Abstract: Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the scrotum is a rare and aggressive cancer. There are no established guidelines on the management of scrotal SCC.: Objective: To analyze the clinical management and outcomes of scrotal SCC.: Patients ... ...

Abstract	Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the scrotum is a rare and aggressive cancer. There are no established guidelines on the management of scrotal SCC. Objective: To analyze the clinical management and outcomes of scrotal SCC. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with primary scrotal SCC over a 10-year period was performed. The type of surgery, tumor stage and histological subtypes, recurrence rate and metastases, cancer-specific mortality (CSM), and other-cause mortality (OCM) were analyzed. Results: Between 2012 and 2022, a total of 10 men were identified with primary scrotal SCC. The median (interquartile, IQR) age was 65.5 (55-77) years. Wide local excision was performed in 9 patients and 1 patient underwent a total scrotectomy. The pathological T-stage was: pT1, n = 3; pT2, n = 1; pT3, n = 5 (50%); pT4, n = 1. Four patients had pathologically positive inguinal lymph nodes and 2 had distant metastatic disease at presentation. At a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.5 (4-31) months 5 patients died, of which 3 died from scrotal SCC. Conclusion: Scrotal SCC is extremely rare in the UK with only 10 primary cases identified in our center over the past 10 years. Surgical resection of the tumor and appropriate inguinal node staging are required due to a high proportion of cases which metastasize to the inguinal lymph nodes. Patient summary: Scrotal cancer is rare. 10 cases were diagnosed over 10 years at a single center. Around half had disease spread to the groin nodes or distant organs at presentation. Surgical resection was required in all patients. At the time of analysis, half of the patients are alive. Due to the rarity and aggressiveness of the cancer, management should be carried out within a specialist center.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Scrotum/surgery ; Scrotum/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymph Node Excision ; Genital Neoplasms, Male/surgery ; Genital Neoplasms, Male/pathology ; Neoplasm Staging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1336505-8
ISSN	1873-2496 ; 1078-1439
ISSN (online)	1873-2496
ISSN	1078-1439
DOI	10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.08.006
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