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Book ; Online: A Security & Privacy Analysis of US-based Contact Tracing Apps

Mitra, Joydeep

2022

Abstract: With the onset of COVID-19, governments worldwide planned to develop and deploy contact tracing (CT) apps to help speed up the contact tracing process. However, experts raised concerns about the long-term privacy and security implications of using these ... ...

Abstract	With the onset of COVID-19, governments worldwide planned to develop and deploy contact tracing (CT) apps to help speed up the contact tracing process. However, experts raised concerns about the long-term privacy and security implications of using these apps. Consequently, several proposals were made to design privacy-preserving CT apps. To this end, Google and Apple developed the Google/Apple Exposure Notification (GAEN) framework to help public health authorities develop privacy-preserving CT apps. In the United States, 26 states used the GAEN framework to develop their CT apps. In this paper, we empirically evaluate the US-based GAEN apps to determine 1) the privileges they have, 2) if the apps comply with their defined privacy policies, and 3) if they contain known vulnerabilities that can be exploited to compromise privacy. The results show that all apps violate their stated privacy policy and contain several known vulnerabilities.
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Computers and Society
Subject code	303
Publishing date	2022-07-18
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Refractive index-assisted UV/Vis spectrophotometry to overcome spectral interference by impurities.

Antony, Airin / Mitra, J

Analytica chimica acta

2021 Volume 1149, Page(s) 238186

Abstract: A major challenge hindering the application of techniques like UV/Vis spectrophotometry in determining concentration is spectral interference from contaminants. Since molar absorptivities vary significantly, even minuscule amounts of specific ... ...

Abstract	A major challenge hindering the application of techniques like UV/Vis spectrophotometry in determining concentration is spectral interference from contaminants. Since molar absorptivities vary significantly, even minuscule amounts of specific contaminants may cause relatively large errors in UV/Vis spectrophotometry based quantification. Current methods to deal with this are slow, cost-intensive, or ineffective for unknown interferents. We propose constrained refractometry as an expedient technique to aid UV/Vis spectrophotometry, avoiding large errors due to spectral interference. Based on a modified Lorentz Lorenz equation, the technique helps not only in detecting and reducing error from unknown contaminants but also in identifying the significant impurity. Experimental results show a significant reduction of error in concentration determination even for multiple unknown interfering contaminants.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1483436-4
ISSN	1873-4324 ; 0003-2670
ISSN (online)	1873-4324
ISSN	0003-2670
DOI	10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.061
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: On the intrinsic curvature of animal whiskers.

Luo, Yifu / Hartmann, Mitra J Z

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) e0269210

Abstract: Facial vibrissae (whiskers) are thin, tapered, flexible, hair-like structures that are an important source of tactile sensory information for many species of mammals. In contrast to insect antennae, whiskers have no sensors along their lengths. Instead, ... ...

Abstract	Facial vibrissae (whiskers) are thin, tapered, flexible, hair-like structures that are an important source of tactile sensory information for many species of mammals. In contrast to insect antennae, whiskers have no sensors along their lengths. Instead, when a whisker touches an object, the resulting deformation is transmitted to mechanoreceptors in a follicle at the whisker base. Previous work has shown that the mechanical signals transmitted along the whisker will depend strongly on the whisker's geometric parameters, specifically on its taper (how diameter varies with arc length) and on the way in which the whisker curves, often called "intrinsic curvature." Although previous studies have largely agreed on how to define taper, multiple methods have been used to quantify intrinsic curvature. The present work compares and contrasts different mathematical approaches towards quantifying this important parameter. We begin by reviewing and clarifying the definition of "intrinsic curvature," and then show results of fitting whisker shapes with several different functions, including polynomial, fractional exponent, elliptical, and Cesàro. Comparisons are performed across ten species of whiskered animals, ranging from rodents to pinnipeds. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of using the various models for different modeling situations. The fractional exponent model offers an approach towards developing a species-specific parameter to characterize whisker shapes within a species. Constructing models of how the whisker curves is important for the creation of mechanical models of tactile sensory acquisition behaviors, for studies of comparative evolution, morphology, and anatomy, and for designing artificial systems that can begin to emulate the whisker-based tactile sensing of animals.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Vibrissae/physiology ; Mammals/anatomy & histology ; Touch/physiology ; Touch Perception ; Caniformia
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0269210
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Leveraging plasmonic hot electrons to quench defect emission in metal-semiconductor nanostructured hybrids.

Sharu, Kritika / Chattopadhyay, Shashwata / Prajapati, K N / Mitra, J

The Journal of chemical physics

2023 Volume 159, Issue 24

Abstract: Modeling light-matter interactions in hybrid plasmonic materials is vital to their widening relevance from optoelectronics to photocatalysis. Here, we explore photoluminescence (PL) from ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) embedded with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). A ... ...

Abstract	Modeling light-matter interactions in hybrid plasmonic materials is vital to their widening relevance from optoelectronics to photocatalysis. Here, we explore photoluminescence (PL) from ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) embedded with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). A progressive increase in Au NP concentration introduces significant structural disorder and defects in ZNRs, which paradoxically quenches defect related visible PL while intensifying the near band edge (NBE) emission. Under UV excitation, the simulated semi-classical model realizes PL from ZnO with sub-bandgap defect states, eliciting visible emissions that are absorbed by Au NPs to generate a non-equilibrium hot carrier distribution. The photo-stimulated hot carriers, transferred to ZnO, substantially modify its steady-state luminescence, reducing NBE emission lifetime and altering the abundance of ionized defect states, finally reducing visible emission. The simulations show that the change in the interfacial band bending at the Au-ZnO interface under optical illumination facilitates charge transfer between the components. This work provides a general foundation to observe and model the hot carrier dynamics and strong light-matter interactions in hybrid plasmonic systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3113-6
ISSN	1089-7690 ; 0021-9606
ISSN (online)	1089-7690
ISSN	0021-9606
DOI	10.1063/5.0171078
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Article ; Online: Encapsulation of probiotics in freeze-dried calcium alginate and κ-carrageenan beads using definitive screening design: A comprehensive characterisation and in vitro digestion study.

Premjit, Yashaswini / Pandey, Sachchidanand / Mitra, Jayeeta

International journal of biological macromolecules

2024 Volume 258, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 129279

Abstract: This research aimed to evaluate the encapsulation of the probiotic strain, Streptococcus thermophilus, in hydrogels employing sodium alginate (SA) with κ-carrageenan (κC) in gelation baths with varying salt concentrations ( ... ...

Abstract	This research aimed to evaluate the encapsulation of the probiotic strain, Streptococcus thermophilus, in hydrogels employing sodium alginate (SA) with κ-carrageenan (κC) in gelation baths with varying salt concentrations (CaCl
MeSH term(s)	Carrageenan ; Alginates ; Probiotics ; Hydrogels ; Digestion
Chemical Substances	Carrageenan (9000-07-1) ; Alginates ; Hydrogels
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129279
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Article ; Online: On the intrinsic curvature of animal whiskers.

Yifu Luo / Mitra J Z Hartmann

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 1, p e

2023 Volume 0269210

Abstract	Facial vibrissae (whiskers) are thin, tapered, flexible, hair-like structures that are an important source of tactile sensory information for many species of mammals. In contrast to insect antennae, whiskers have no sensors along their lengths. Instead, when a whisker touches an object, the resulting deformation is transmitted to mechanoreceptors in a follicle at the whisker base. Previous work has shown that the mechanical signals transmitted along the whisker will depend strongly on the whisker's geometric parameters, specifically on its taper (how diameter varies with arc length) and on the way in which the whisker curves, often called "intrinsic curvature." Although previous studies have largely agreed on how to define taper, multiple methods have been used to quantify intrinsic curvature. The present work compares and contrasts different mathematical approaches towards quantifying this important parameter. We begin by reviewing and clarifying the definition of "intrinsic curvature," and then show results of fitting whisker shapes with several different functions, including polynomial, fractional exponent, elliptical, and Cesàro. Comparisons are performed across ten species of whiskered animals, ranging from rodents to pinnipeds. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of using the various models for different modeling situations. The fractional exponent model offers an approach towards developing a species-specific parameter to characterize whisker shapes within a species. Constructing models of how the whisker curves is important for the creation of mechanical models of tactile sensory acquisition behaviors, for studies of comparative evolution, morphology, and anatomy, and for designing artificial systems that can begin to emulate the whisker-based tactile sensing of animals.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: On the intrinsic curvature of animal whiskers

Yifu Luo / Mitra J. Z. Hartmann

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 1

Abstract	Facial vibrissae (whiskers) are thin, tapered, flexible, hair-like structures that are an important source of tactile sensory information for many species of mammals. In contrast to insect antennae, whiskers have no sensors along their lengths. Instead, when a whisker touches an object, the resulting deformation is transmitted to mechanoreceptors in a follicle at the whisker base. Previous work has shown that the mechanical signals transmitted along the whisker will depend strongly on the whisker’s geometric parameters, specifically on its taper (how diameter varies with arc length) and on the way in which the whisker curves, often called “intrinsic curvature.” Although previous studies have largely agreed on how to define taper, multiple methods have been used to quantify intrinsic curvature. The present work compares and contrasts different mathematical approaches towards quantifying this important parameter. We begin by reviewing and clarifying the definition of “intrinsic curvature,” and then show results of fitting whisker shapes with several different functions, including polynomial, fractional exponent, elliptical, and Cesàro. Comparisons are performed across ten species of whiskered animals, ranging from rodents to pinnipeds. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of using the various models for different modeling situations. The fractional exponent model offers an approach towards developing a species-specific parameter to characterize whisker shapes within a species. Constructing models of how the whisker curves is important for the creation of mechanical models of tactile sensory acquisition behaviors, for studies of comparative evolution, morphology, and anatomy, and for designing artificial systems that can begin to emulate the whisker-based tactile sensing of animals.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploring amine-rich supramolecular silver(I) metallogels for autonomous self-healing and as catalysts for a three component coupling reaction.

Saha, Ekata / Rahaman, Ajijur / Bhadra, Sukalyan / Mitra, Joyee

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

2023 Volume 52, Issue 42, Page(s) 15530–15538

Abstract: A series of Ag(I) supramolecular organo-aqueous gels have been synthesized in the presence of an amine-rich triazole ligand as a gelator. Judicious choice of the triazole derivative and counter anion allows a desired spatial orientation of the pendant ... ...

Abstract	A series of Ag(I) supramolecular organo-aqueous gels have been synthesized in the presence of an amine-rich triazole ligand as a gelator. Judicious choice of the triazole derivative and counter anion allows a desired spatial orientation of the pendant amine functionality to accentuate the gelation ability and autonomous self-healability
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472887-4
ISSN	1477-9234 ; 1364-5447 ; 0300-9246 ; 1477-9226
ISSN (online)	1477-9234 ; 1364-5447
ISSN	0300-9246 ; 1477-9226
DOI	10.1039/d3dt01654d
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Prediction of viscoelastic properties of peanut-based 3D printable food ink.

Kadival, Amaresh / Mitra, Jayeeta / Kaushal, Manish / Machavaram, Rajendra

Journal of texture studies

2023

Abstract: Viscoelastic properties of 3D printable peanut-based food ink were investigated using frequency sweep and relaxation test. The incorporation of xanthan gum (XG) improved the shear thinning behavior (n value ranging from 0.139 to 0.261) and lowered the η*, ...

Abstract	Viscoelastic properties of 3D printable peanut-based food ink were investigated using frequency sweep and relaxation test. The incorporation of xanthan gum (XG) improved the shear thinning behavior (n value ranging from 0.139 to 0.261) and lowered the η*, G', and G'' values, thus making food ink 3D printable. The addition of XG also caused a downward shift in the relaxation curve. This study evaluates the possibility of an artificial neural network (ANN) approach as a substitute for the Maxwell three-element and Peleg model for predicting the viscoelastic behavior of food ink. The results revealed that all three models accurately predicted the decay forces. The inclusion of XG decreased the hardness and enhanced the cohesiveness, so enabling the 3D printing of food ink. The hardness was highly positively correlated with Maxwell model parameters F
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242507-5
ISSN	1745-4603 ; 0022-4901
ISSN (online)	1745-4603
ISSN	0022-4901
DOI	10.1111/jtxs.12817
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Book ; Online: Leveraging Plasmonic Hot Electrons to Quench Defect Emission in Metal -- Semiconductor Nanostructured Hybrids

Sharu, Kritika / Chattopadhyay, Shashwata / Prajapati, K. N. / Mitra, J.

Experiment and Modeling

2023

Abstract: Modeling light-matter interaction in hybrid plasmonic materials is vital to their widening relevance from optoelectronics to photocatalysis. Here, we explore photoluminescence from ZnO nanorods (ZNR) embedded with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). A ... ...

Abstract	Modeling light-matter interaction in hybrid plasmonic materials is vital to their widening relevance from optoelectronics to photocatalysis. Here, we explore photoluminescence from ZnO nanorods (ZNR) embedded with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). A progressive increase in Au NP concentration introduces significant structural disorder and defects in the ZNRs, which paradoxically quenches defect related visible photoluminescence (PL) while intensifying the near band edge (NBE) emission. Under UV excitation, the simulated semi-classical model realizes PL from ZnO with sub-band gap defect states, eliciting visible emissions that are absorbed by Au NPs to generate a non-equilibrium hot carrier distribution. The photo-stimulated hot carriers, transferred to ZnO, substantially modify its steady-state luminescence, reducing NBE emission lifetime and altering the abundance of ionized defect states, finally reducing visible emission. The simulations show that the change in the interfacial band bending at the Au-ZnO interface under optical illumination facilitates charge transfer between the components. This work provides a general foundation to observe and model the hot carrier dynamics in hybrid plasmonic systems.
Keywords	Condensed Matter - Materials Science ; Physics - Optics
Subject code	530
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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