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Article ; Online: Learning-Induced Odor Modulation of Neuronal Activity in Auditory Cortex.

Gilday, Omri David / Mizrahi, Adi

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2023 Volume 43, Issue 8, Page(s) 1375–1386

Abstract: Sensory cortices, even of primary regions, are not purely unisensory. Rather, cortical neurons in sensory cortex show various forms of multisensory interactions. While some multisensory interactions naturally co-occur, the combination of others will co- ... ...

Abstract	Sensory cortices, even of primary regions, are not purely unisensory. Rather, cortical neurons in sensory cortex show various forms of multisensory interactions. While some multisensory interactions naturally co-occur, the combination of others will co-occur through experience. In real life, learning and experience will result in conjunction with seemingly disparate sensory information that ultimately becomes behaviorally relevant, impacting perception, cognition, and action. Here we describe a novel auditory discrimination task in mice, designed to manipulate the expectation of upcoming trials using olfactory cues. We show that, after learning, female mice display a transient period of several days during which they exploit odor-mediated expectations for making correct decisions. Using two-photon calcium imaging of single neurons in auditory cortex (ACx) during behavior, we found that the behavioral effects of odor-mediated expectations are accompanied by an odor-induced modulation of neuronal activity. Further, we find that these effects are manifested differentially, based on the response preference of individual cells. A significant portion of effects, but not all, are consistent with a predictive coding framework. Our data show that learning novel odor-sound associations evoke changes in ACx. We suggest that behaviorally relevant multisensory environments mediate contextual effects as early as ACx.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Female ; Animals ; Odorants ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Learning/physiology ; Smell/physiology ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Acoustic Stimulation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1398-22.2022
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Article ; Online: Plasticity in auditory cortex during parenthood.

Haimson, Baruch / Mizrahi, Adi

Hearing research

2023 Volume 431, Page(s) 108738

Abstract: Most animals display robust parental behaviors that support the survival and well-being of their offspring. The manifestation of parental behaviors is accompanied by physiological and hormonal changes, which affect both the body and the brain for better ... ...

Abstract	Most animals display robust parental behaviors that support the survival and well-being of their offspring. The manifestation of parental behaviors is accompanied by physiological and hormonal changes, which affect both the body and the brain for better care giving. Rodents exhibit a behavior called pup retrieval - a stereotyped sequence of perception and action - used to identify and retrieve their newborn pups back to the nest. Pup retrieval consists of a significant auditory component, which depends on plasticity in the auditory cortex (ACx). We review the evidence of neural changes taking place in the ACx of rodents during the transition to parenthood. We discuss how the plastic changes both in and out of the ACx support the encoding of pup vocalizations. Key players in the mechanism of this plasticity are hormones and experience, both of which have a clear dynamic signature during the transition to parenthood. Mothers, co caring females, and fathers have been used as models to understand parental plasticity at disparate levels of organization. Yet, common principles of cortical plasticity and the biological mechanisms underlying its involvement in parental behavior are just beginning to be unpacked.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	282629-x
ISSN	1878-5891 ; 0378-5955
ISSN (online)	1878-5891
ISSN	0378-5955
DOI	10.1016/j.heares.2023.108738
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Zs.A 1467: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The Hard and Soft Wired Nature of the Olfactory Map.

Mizrahi, Adi

Trends in neurosciences

2018 Volume 41, Issue 12, Page(s) 872–874

Abstract: Across the animal kingdom, odors are known as potent stimuli that directly steer behavior. In 2007, Hitoshi Sakano and colleagues used the power of mouse genetics to manipulate the odor map in the olfactory bulb. Elegant behavioral, anatomical, and ... ...

Abstract	Across the animal kingdom, odors are known as potent stimuli that directly steer behavior. In 2007, Hitoshi Sakano and colleagues used the power of mouse genetics to manipulate the odor map in the olfactory bulb. Elegant behavioral, anatomical, and physiological analyses revealed an apparent dichotomy in how the brain interprets the odor map. Their work paved a way to think of behavioral contingencies as part of early olfactory processing, highlighting innate and learned pathways.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Olfactory Bulb/anatomy & histology ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/anatomy & histology ; Olfactory Pathways/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	282488-7
ISSN	1878-108X ; 0378-5912 ; 0166-2236
ISSN (online)	1878-108X
ISSN	0378-5912 ; 0166-2236
DOI	10.1016/j.tins.2018.06.007
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Zs.A 1442: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Sparse Coding in Temporal Association Cortex Improves Complex Sound Discriminability.

Feigin, L / Tasaka, G / Maor, I / Mizrahi, A

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2021 Volume 41, Issue 33, Page(s) 7048–7064

Abstract: The mouse auditory cortex is comprised of several auditory fields spanning the dorsoventral axis of the temporal lobe. The ventral most auditory field is the temporal association cortex (TeA), which remains largely unstudied. Using Neuropixels probes, we ...

Abstract	The mouse auditory cortex is comprised of several auditory fields spanning the dorsoventral axis of the temporal lobe. The ventral most auditory field is the temporal association cortex (TeA), which remains largely unstudied. Using Neuropixels probes, we simultaneously recorded from primary auditory cortex (AUDp), secondary auditory cortex (AUDv), and TeA, characterizing neuronal responses to pure tones and frequency modulated (FM) sweeps in awake head-restrained female mice. As compared with AUDp and AUDv, single-unit (SU) responses to pure tones in TeA were sparser, delayed, and prolonged. Responses to FMs were also sparser. Population analysis showed that the sparser responses in TeA render it less sensitive to pure tones, yet more sensitive to FMs. When characterizing responses to pure tones under anesthesia, the distinct signature of TeA was changed considerably as compared with that in awake mice, implying that responses in TeA are strongly modulated by non-feedforward connections. Together, these findings provide a basic electrophysiological description of TeA as an integral part of sound processing along the cortical hierarchy.
MeSH term(s)	Acoustic Stimulation ; Action Potentials ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Datasets as Topic ; Discrimination, Psychological/physiology ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Female ; Ketamine ; Medetomidine ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology ; Pitch Discrimination/physiology ; Wakefulness
Chemical Substances	Ketamine (690G0D6V8H) ; Medetomidine (MR15E85MQM)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3167-20.2021
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Book ; Online: TeleFMG

Mizrahi, Alon / Sintov, Avishai

A Wearable Force-Myography Device for Natural Teleoperation of Multi-finger Robotic Hands

2023

Abstract: Teleoperation enables a user to perform dangerous tasks (e.g., work in disaster zones or in chemical plants) from a remote location. Nevertheless, common approaches often provide cumbersome and unnatural usage. In this letter, we propose TeleFMG, an ... ...

Abstract	Teleoperation enables a user to perform dangerous tasks (e.g., work in disaster zones or in chemical plants) from a remote location. Nevertheless, common approaches often provide cumbersome and unnatural usage. In this letter, we propose TeleFMG, an approach for teleoperation of a multi-finger robotic hand through natural motions of the user's hand. By using a low-cost wearable Force-Myography (FMG) device, musculoskeletal activities on the user's forearm are mapped to hand poses which, in turn, are mimicked by a robotic hand. The mapping is performed by a spatio-temporal data-based model based on the Temporal Convolutional Network. The model considers spatial positions of the sensors on the forearm along with temporal dependencies of the FMG signals. A set of experiments show the ability of a teleoperator to control a multi-finger hand through intuitive and natural finger motion. A robot is shown to successfully mimic the user's hand in object grasping and gestures. Furthermore, transfer to a new user is evaluated while showing that fine-tuning with a limited amount of new data significantly improves accuracy.
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-08-26
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Potential impact of real-time processing and rapid susceptibility testing of blood samples in Gram-negative bloodstream infections in intensive care patients.

Alviset, S / Rodari, S / Poupet, H / Mizrahi, A / Gastli, N / Philippart, F / Charpentier, J / Pilmis, B / Kernéis, S

Infectious diseases now

2023 Volume 53, Issue 8, Page(s) 104773

Abstract: Introduction: Timely and appropriate therapy is critical in patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSI). Most bacteriology laboratories process blood specimen in the daytime, during laboratory operating hours, and use conventional culture ...

Abstract	Introduction: Timely and appropriate therapy is critical in patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSI). Most bacteriology laboratories process blood specimen in the daytime, during laboratory operating hours, and use conventional culture for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). We simulated the potential impact of real-time processing and rapid AST (7 hours) on early adaptation of the antibiotic regimen in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with GNBSI. Methods: All GNBSI episodes occurring in the ICUs of 2 hospitals in Paris were included. Data were collected. For each episode of bacteremia, we simulated the impact of three strategies: (1) Real-time processing coupled with conventional techniques (Gram stain and standard AST); (2) Standard processing coupled with rapid AST; and (3) Real-time processing coupled with rapid AST. Results: We included 109 episodes in 98 patients. Forty-two patients (48%) died during ICU stay. AST results led to a change of the antibiotic regimen in 66 (61%) episodes, mainly de-escalation (54/109, 55%). In standard care, median time from sample collection to definitive AST result was 65.9 hours (±26.7). The three strategies would have reduced time-to-result by 9.2 hours (±7.1), 30.8 hours (±19.7) and 40.0 hours (±20.6) respectively. Compared to standard care, strategies 1, 2 and 3 would have avoided 20, 69 and 90 patient-days of broad-spectrum antibiotics respectively. Conclusion: In addition to real-time processing of blood samples, rapid AST would be the most effective strategy to shorten time-to-result in critical patients with GNBSI.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Time Perception ; Bacteremia/diagnosis ; Bacteremia/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Sepsis/drug therapy ; Critical Care
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-22
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-9919
ISSN (online)	2666-9919
DOI	10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104773
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Article ; Online: Stability and flexibility of odor representations in the mouse olfactory bulb.

Shani-Narkiss, Haran / Beniaguev, David / Segev, Idan / Mizrahi, Adi

Frontiers in neural circuits

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 1157259

Abstract: Dynamic changes in sensory representations have been basic tenants of studies in neural coding and plasticity. In olfaction, relatively little is known about the dynamic range of changes in odor representations under different brain states and over time. ...

Abstract	Dynamic changes in sensory representations have been basic tenants of studies in neural coding and plasticity. In olfaction, relatively little is known about the dynamic range of changes in odor representations under different brain states and over time. Here, we used time-lapse
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Odorants ; Olfactory Bulb ; Olfactory Pathways/physiology ; Smell/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Mammals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2452968-0
ISSN	1662-5110 ; 1662-5110
ISSN (online)	1662-5110
ISSN	1662-5110
DOI	10.3389/fncir.2023.1157259
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Article ; Online: Social Distancing in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associated Factors, Health Outcomes, and Implications.

Liu, Jianghong / Ouyang, Na / Mizrahi, Alina / Kornides, Melanie L

Family & community health

2023 Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 80–94

Abstract: Social distancing has reemerged as a public health measure for containing the spread of COVID-19. This integrative review aims to analyze the historical use of social distancing, the current application during COVID-19, individual factors that affect ... ...

Abstract	Social distancing has reemerged as a public health measure for containing the spread of COVID-19. This integrative review aims to analyze the historical use of social distancing, the current application during COVID-19, individual factors that affect social distancing practices, and consequential health outcomes. We analyzed relevant literature from searches conducted on Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. We found that resources, culture, age, gender, and personality are associated with the degree to which people practice social distancing. Furthermore, social distancing changes our lifestyles and behavior and results in multifaceted health outcomes, including decreased physical activity and sunlight exposure, increased weight gain, and impaired sleep quality. On the positive side, social distancing has been linked to reduced crime rates and environmental damage, as well as better social and family ties. Future interventions may be utilized to increase adherence to social distancing practices and to mitigate the negative health effects of social distancing.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Physical Distancing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	449879-3
ISSN	1550-5057 ; 0160-6379
ISSN (online)	1550-5057
ISSN	0160-6379
DOI	10.1097/FCH.0000000000000367
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Article ; Online: Context-Dependent Inhibitory Control of Stimulus-Specific Adaptation.

Yarden, Tohar S / Mizrahi, Adi / Nelken, Israel

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2022 Volume 42, Issue 23, Page(s) 4629–4651

Abstract: Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) is the reduction in responses to frequent stimuli (standards) that does not generalize to rare stimuli (deviants). We investigated the contribution of inhibition in auditory cortex to SSA using two-photon targeted cell- ... ...

Abstract	Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) is the reduction in responses to frequent stimuli (standards) that does not generalize to rare stimuli (deviants). We investigated the contribution of inhibition in auditory cortex to SSA using two-photon targeted cell-attached recordings and optogenetic manipulations in male mice. We characterized the responses of parvalbumin (PV)-, somatostatin (SST)-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons of layer 2/3, and of serotonin receptor 5HT3a-expressing interneurons of layer 1. All populations showed early-onset SSA. Unexpectedly, the PV, SST, and VIP populations exhibited a substantial late component of evoked activity, often stronger for standard than for deviant stimuli. Optogenetic suppression of PV neurons facilitated pyramidal neuron responses substantially more (approximately ×10) for deviants than for standards. VIP suppression decreased responses of putative PV neurons, specifically for standard but not for deviant stimuli. Thus, the inhibitory network does not generate cortical SSA, but powerfully controls its expression by differentially affecting the responses to deviants and to standards.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Parvalbumins ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (37221-79-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0988-21.2022
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Book ; Online: Augmenting Tactile Simulators with Real-like and Zero-Shot Capabilities

Azulay, Osher / Mizrahi, Alon / Curtis, Nimrod / Sintov, Avishai

2023

Abstract: Simulating tactile perception could potentially leverage the learning capabilities of robotic systems in manipulation tasks. However, the reality gap of simulators for high-resolution tactile sensors remains large. Models trained on simulated data often ... ...

Abstract	Simulating tactile perception could potentially leverage the learning capabilities of robotic systems in manipulation tasks. However, the reality gap of simulators for high-resolution tactile sensors remains large. Models trained on simulated data often fail in zero-shot inference and require fine-tuning with real data. In addition, work on high-resolution sensors commonly focus on ones with flat surfaces while 3D round sensors are essential for dexterous manipulation. In this paper, we propose a bi-directional Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) termed SightGAN. SightGAN relies on the early CycleGAN while including two additional loss components aimed to accurately reconstruct background and contact patterns including small contact traces. The proposed SightGAN learns real-to-sim and sim-to-real processes over difference images. It is shown to generate real-like synthetic images while maintaining accurate contact positioning. The generated images can be used to train zero-shot models for newly fabricated sensors. Consequently, the resulted sim-to-real generator could be built on top of the tactile simulator to provide a real-world framework. Potentially, the framework can be used to train, for instance, reinforcement learning policies of manipulation tasks. The proposed model is verified in extensive experiments with test data collected from real sensors and also shown to maintain embedded force information within the tactile images.
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics
Subject code	006 ; 629
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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