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Article ; Online: Are Gender-Transformative Interventions Effective Among Very Young Adolescents?

Mmari, Kristin

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

2023 Volume 73, Issue 1S, Page(s) S1–S2

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Gender Identity ; Health Services for Transgender Persons
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1063374-1
ISSN	1879-1972 ; 1054-139X
ISSN (online)	1879-1972
ISSN	1054-139X
DOI	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.03.010
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Article ; Online: Federal Nutrition Assistance Programs and Adolescent Food Insecurity: A Complicated Picture.

Mmari, Kristin

American journal of public health

2023 Volume 113, Issue S3, Page(s) S206–S209

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Food Insecurity ; Nutritional Status ; Food Supply ; Food Assistance
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2023.307489
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Article ; Online: Creating an Enabling Environment for a Comprehensive Sexuality Education Intervention in Indonesia: Findings From an Implementation Research Study.

van Reeuwijk, Miranda / Rahmah, Amala / Mmari, Kristin

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

2023 Volume 73, Issue 1S, Page(s) S15–S20

Abstract: Purpose: This study examines key factors that facilitated and hindered creating an enabling environment for the implementation of SEmangaT duniA RemajA/Teen's Aspirations (SETARA), a comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) intervention in schools across ...

Abstract	Purpose: This study examines key factors that facilitated and hindered creating an enabling environment for the implementation of SEmangaT duniA RemajA/Teen's Aspirations (SETARA), a comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) intervention in schools across three sites in Indonesia. Methods: Data were collected through interviews with teachers, program implementers, and government officials; a review of program documents and monitoring and evaluation data; and a qualitative evaluation with SETARA students. Results: One of the most important factors for creating an enabling environment for CSE relates to how well the program is introduced to government officials for approval. Findings showed that the relationship between the implementing organization and city government officials was important for obtaining approval, support, and formal agreements on collaboration. Framing the curriculum within local policies and priorities made it easier to communicate to schools, community, and parents. Buy-in from school principals was important for creating a supportive environment. Complexity of the materials, lack of time to prepare and implement sessions, and teacher-level factors such as pedagogical skills and misaligned values remain key challenges despite trainings. Discussion: The study suggests that it is possible to implement and create political support for CSE in conservative contexts, especially with a good introduction of the program. Potential solutions for implementation and scaling barriers may lie in the digitalization of the intervention and of capacity strengthening and technical support for teacher. More research is needed to investigate which content and exercises can effectively be delivered digitally and which should best be delivered by teachers to maintain the effect of breaching the taboo around sexuality.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Schools ; Sex Education ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexuality
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1063374-1
ISSN	1879-1972 ; 1054-139X
ISSN (online)	1879-1972
ISSN	1054-139X
DOI	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.07.016
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Article ; Online: A greening theory of change: How neighborhood greening impacts adolescent health disparities.

Kondo, Michelle C / Locke, Dexter / Hazer, Meghan / Mendelson, Tamar / Fix, Rebecca L / Joshi, Ashley / Latshaw, Megan / Fry, Dustin / Mmari, Kristin

American journal of community psychology

2024

Abstract: Neighborhoods are one of the key determinants of health disparities among young people in the United States. While neighborhood deprivation can exacerbate health disparities, amenities such as quality parks and greenspace can support adolescent health. ... ...

Abstract	Neighborhoods are one of the key determinants of health disparities among young people in the United States. While neighborhood deprivation can exacerbate health disparities, amenities such as quality parks and greenspace can support adolescent health. Existing conceptual frameworks of greening-health largely focus on greenspace exposures, rather than greening interventions. In this paper, we develop and propose a Greening Theory of Change that explains how greening initiatives might affect adolescent health in deprived neighborhoods. The theory situates greening activities and possible mechanisms of change in the context of their ability to modify distal social determinants of health factors, stemming from macrostructural and historical processes that lead to resource inequalities, affecting both the social and built environment in which adolescents live and develop. The framework illustrates both short- and long-term health, economic, and security effects of greening. We also describe how the theory informed the development of Project VITAL (Vacant lot Improvement to Transform Adolescent Lives) in Baltimore, MD, which aims to (1) build a citywide sharable database on vacant lot restoration activities, (2) evaluate the impact of greening initiatives on adolescent health outcomes, (3) conduct cost-effectiveness analyses, and (4) develop best practices for greening programs for improved adolescent health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	222658-3
ISSN	1573-2770 ; 0091-0562
ISSN (online)	1573-2770
ISSN	0091-0562
DOI	10.1002/ajcp.12735
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Article ; Online: Can restoring vacant lots help reduce crime? An examination of a program in Baltimore, MD

Kvit, Anton / Corrigan, Anne E. / Locke, Dexter H. / Curriero, Frank C. / Mmari, Kristin

Elsevier GmbH Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2022 Aug., v. 74 p.127630-

2022

Abstract: Urban green spaces have previously been linked to reduction in crime and improvements in neighborhood environments. This study considered if the Care-A-Lot (CAL) program in Baltimore City, which incentivizes local community groups to maintain and green ... ...

Abstract	Urban green spaces have previously been linked to reduction in crime and improvements in neighborhood environments. This study considered if the Care-A-Lot (CAL) program in Baltimore City, which incentivizes local community groups to maintain and green vacant lots, reduces violent and property crime. Compared to a 2016–2017 baseline, city block groups with CAL programs saw a significantly larger decrease in crime compared to matched block groups with no CAL programs both in 2018 and 2019. These results were found to be robust through a series of sensitivity analyses and add to the literature stressing the positive social impact of green spaces.
Keywords	crime ; social impact ; urban forestry ; Greening ; Care-A-Lot ; Baltimore
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1618-8667
DOI	10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127630
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Adolescent Food Insecurity in Baltimore.

Mmari, Kristin / Smith, Anne / Gross, Susan / Marshall, Beth

Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

2020 Volume 98, Issue 2, Page(s) 296–307

Abstract: While emerging evidence is highlighting a growing problem of food insecurity among adolescents in disadvantaged neighborhoods, very little is known about the factors that may either protect or place adolescents at higher risk for food insecurity. The ... ...

Abstract	While emerging evidence is highlighting a growing problem of food insecurity among adolescents in disadvantaged neighborhoods, very little is known about the factors that may either protect or place adolescents at higher risk for food insecurity. The primary objective for this analysis, therefore, was to examine the associations between individual-, family-, and neighborhood-level risks and protective factors and food insecurity among 452 adolescents in Baltimore, Maryland. Results show that nearly 30% of our sample were food insecure (29.4%). Food insecure youth were more likely to be unstably housed (OR 5.17, 1.24-21.62), live in larger households (OR 1.14, 1.08-1.20), and perceive their neighborhoods unsafe (OR 2.37, 1.47-3.83). Protective factors included perceiving both male and female adult support (OR 0.55 and 0.47, respectively), having a higher sense of community belonging (OR 0.91, 0.32-0.95) and having positive perceptions of their neighborhood's physical environment (OR 0.93, 0.88-0.98). These results suggest that strengthening family and neighborhood relations and resources may promote the health of adolescents in disadvantaged urban areas.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Baltimore/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Food Insecurity ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Male ; Protective Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1435288-6
ISSN	1468-2869 ; 1099-3460
ISSN (online)	1468-2869
ISSN	1099-3460
DOI	10.1007/s11524-020-00488-w
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Article ; Online: Exploring the relationship between caregiving and health: perceptions among orphaned and non-orphaned adolescents in Tanzania.

Mmari, Kristin

Journal of adolescence

2011 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 301–309

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to (1) explore the nature of caregiving for orphaned and non-orphaned adolescents; and (2), examine how changes in the caretaking roles, as a result of a parental loss, impact on an orphan's sexual behaviors. A total of ... ...

Abstract	The objectives of this study were to (1) explore the nature of caregiving for orphaned and non-orphaned adolescents; and (2), examine how changes in the caretaking roles, as a result of a parental loss, impact on an orphan's sexual behaviors. A total of 52 in-depth interviews and 11 focus group discussions (n = 83) were conducted among adolescent orphans and non-orphans, as well as among 17 caregivers of orphans in Tanzania. Findings revealed three important caregiving roles that contributed to adolescent health: the provision of basic needs, advising and monitoring adolescent behaviors, and assigning household chores. Adolescent participants believed that when these roles are compromised, female orphans' sexual behaviors are impacted. Consequently, they are perceived to be at greatest risk for HIV. Comprehensive programs are needed for orphans to ensure their basic needs are being met, and to assist caregivers find extra support to carry out their caregiving responsibilities.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Caregivers ; Child, Orphaned/psychology ; Female ; Focus Groups ; HIV Infections/mortality ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Needs Assessment ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Work ; Sexual Behavior ; Student Dropouts ; Tanzania
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	303529-3
ISSN	1095-9254 ; 0140-1971
ISSN (online)	1095-9254
ISSN	0140-1971
DOI	10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.05.001
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Article ; Online: Why do young people engage in dating relationships during early adolescence? An inter-generational qualitative analysis from Blantyre, Malawi.

Smith, Annie D / Chipeta, Effie / Stones, William / Mmari, Kristin

Culture, health & sexuality

2021 Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 842–855

Abstract: Engagement in dating relationships plays an important role in the health trajectories of young people, particularly during the early adolescent period between ages 10-14. Yet little is known about such relationships among youth in low resource contexts. ... ...

Abstract	Engagement in dating relationships plays an important role in the health trajectories of young people, particularly during the early adolescent period between ages 10-14. Yet little is known about such relationships among youth in low resource contexts. This study sought to contribute to the literature on this topic by exploring reasons why school-going young people aged 12-14 years engage in dating relationships in Blantyre, Malawi. A thematic analysis was used to code and analyse in-depth interview data from 23 young people and 19 caregivers. Against the backdrop of growing sexual desires and feelings of attraction, participants stressed harassment from boys and coercion from older men, peer pressure, social status attainment, financial deprivation and encouragement during initiation ceremonies as reasons for engaging in dating relationships. Girls were found to be subject to multiple power dynamics-including gender power relations, as well as power dynamics within same-gender peer groups-that influenced their sex and relationship involvement. These findings carry implications for the design and timing of sexual and reproductive health youth programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa and emphasise the need for multi-level interventions to address the multiple influences in young people's dating lives.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Malawi ; Male ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2023577-X
ISSN	1464-5351 ; 1369-1058
ISSN (online)	1464-5351
ISSN	1369-1058
DOI	10.1080/13691058.2021.1889672
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Article ; Online: Strategies to Improve Adolescent Food Security from the Perspectives of Policy Advocates, Parents, and Adolescents.

Harper, Kaitlyn / Skinner, Rebecca / Martinez-Baack, Michelle / Caulfield, Laura E / Gross, Susan M / Mmari, Kristin

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 22

Abstract: This study explored strategies to improve adolescent food security using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 9 policy advocates, 12 parents and 15 adolescents aged between 17 and 20 years, living in households who were eligible for the Supplemental ... ...

Abstract	This study explored strategies to improve adolescent food security using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 9 policy advocates, 12 parents and 15 adolescents aged between 17 and 20 years, living in households who were eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in 2020. This study was part of a larger evaluation of adolescent food insecurity conducted in Baltimore, Maryland, USA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three key strategies arose during analysis-improving federal nutrition assistance programs for households, federal nutrition assistance programs for individual adolescents, and leveraging school programs and resources. Respondents described concordant views regarding the role of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in supporting households but held discordant views about the role of other federal programs, such as the school nutrition programs and Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer program. The results of this study provide important insights about policy and programmatic supports that may assist adolescents to acquire food for themselves and their families. Future research should test how federal programs and policies specifically impact food security and nutrition for adolescents.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Food Security ; Nutrition Policy ; Parents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14224707
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Article ; Online: Housing instability and violence among women who use drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Silberg, Claire / Likindikoki, Samuel / Mbwambo, Jessie / Mmari, Kristin / Saleem, Haneefa T

Harm reduction journal

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 68

Abstract: Background: Women who use heroin and other drugs (WWUD) are a key population with elevated risk of physical and sexual violence perpetrated by intimate partners and non-partners. While housing instability has been shown to be associated with violence in ...

Abstract	Background: Women who use heroin and other drugs (WWUD) are a key population with elevated risk of physical and sexual violence perpetrated by intimate partners and non-partners. While housing instability has been shown to be associated with violence in high-income settings, this is an underexplored topic in sub-Saharan Africa. In this research, we aimed to assess the relationship between housing instability and various forms of violence within a sample of WWUD in Dar es Salaam. Methods: This analysis uses data from a parent study from 2018. A total of 200 WWUD were recruited through respondent-driven sampling methods and administered a survey. Two multivariable logistic regression models were built to assess the relationship between housing instability and physical violence (Model 1) and housing instability and sexual violence (Model 2) while controlling for a number of sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Approximately 35% of participants were classified as housing unstable. More than half of participants (62%) reported experiencing physical violence in the past 12 months, and more than a third (36%) reported sexual violence in the same time period. Housing instability was found to be independently associated with both physical and sexual violence victimization in the past year when adjusting for covariates (Model 1 adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.40, 95% CI 1.22-4.46; Model 2 AOR: 1.93. 95% CI 1.02-3.67). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to document a significant association between housing instability and violence among WWUD communities in sub-Saharan Africa. This analysis adds to the growing body of literature on the relationship between stable housing and livelihood and health outcomes across differing populations. The cyclical nature of housing instability and violence may be disrupted through housing programming that provides safety, security, and stability for WWUD.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Housing Instability ; Humans ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Partners ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2146691-9
ISSN	1477-7517 ; 1477-7517
ISSN (online)	1477-7517
ISSN	1477-7517
DOI	10.1186/s12954-022-00649-x
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