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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial and Mycotoxin Reducing Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Influence on Blood and Feces Parameters of Newborn Calves

Paulina Zavistanaviciute / Modestas Ruzauskas / Ramunas Antanaitis / Mindaugas Televicius / Vita Lele / Antonello Santini / Elena Bartkiene

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 21, p

2023 Volume 3345

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of in acid whey (AW) multiplied Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LUHS135 (L.pl135), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LUHS244 (L.pc244), and their biomass combination on newborn calves’ feces and blood ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of in acid whey (AW) multiplied Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LUHS135 (L.pl135), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LUHS244 (L.pc244), and their biomass combination on newborn calves’ feces and blood parameters. Additionally, the antimicrobial and mycotoxin-reducing properties and the resistance to antibiotics of the tested lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were analyzed. In order to ensure effective biomass growth in AW, technological parameters for the supplement preparation were selected. Control calves were fed with a standard milk replacer (SMR) and treated groups (from the 2nd day of life until the 14th day) were supplemented with 50 mL of AW L.pl135 , AW L.pc244 , and AW L.pl135×L.pc244 (25 mL AW L.pl135 + 25 mL AW L.pc244 ) in addition to SMR. It was established that L.pl135 and L.pc244 possess broad antimicrobial activities, are non-resistant to the tested antibiotics, and reduce mycotoxin concentrations in vitro. The optimal duration established for biomass growth was 48 h (LAB count higher than 7.00 log 10 CFU mL −1 was found after 48 h of AW fermentation). It was established that additional feeding of newborn calves with AW L.pl135 , AW L.pc244 , and AW L.pl135×L.pc244 increased lactobacilli (on average by 7.4%), and AW L.pl135 and AW L.pc244 reduced the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae in calves’ feces. The tested supplements also reduced the lactate concentration (on average, by 42.5%) in calves’ blood. Finally, the tested supplements had a positive influence on certain health parameters of newborn calves; however, further research is needed to validate the mechanisms of the beneficial effects.
Keywords	Lactiplantobacillus plantarum ; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ; antimicrobial properties ; mycotoxins ; acid whey ; newborn calves ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel Antibiotic Resistance Genes Identified by Functional Gene Library Screening in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Chryseobacterium spp. Bacteria of Soil Origin

Laurita Klimkaitė / Ignas Ragaišis / Renatas Krasauskas / Modestas Ružauskas / Edita Sužiedėlienė / Julija Armalytė

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 6037, p

2023 Volume 6037

Abstract: As one of the most diverse habitats of microorganisms, soil has been recognised as a reservoir of both antibiotics and the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Bacteria naturally inhabiting soil or water often possess innate ARGs to counteract the ... ...

Abstract	As one of the most diverse habitats of microorganisms, soil has been recognised as a reservoir of both antibiotics and the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Bacteria naturally inhabiting soil or water often possess innate ARGs to counteract the chemical compounds produced by competitors living in the same environment. When such bacteria are able to cause infections in immunocompromised patients, their strong innate antibiotic resistance mechanisms make treatment difficult. We generated functional gene libraries using antibiotic-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Chryseobacterium spp. bacteria isolated from agricultural soils in Lithuania to select for the genetic determinants responsible for their resistance. We were able to find novel variants of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes, with β-lactamases isolated from the Chryseobacterium spp. functional gene library, one of which is a variant of IND-like metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) IND-17 and the other of which is a previously uncharacterised MBL we named CHM ( Chryseobacterium metallo β-lactamase). Our results indicate that soil microorganisms possess a diversity of ARG variants, which could potentially be transferred to the clinical setting.
Keywords	Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; Chryseobacterium spp ; functional gene library ; antibiotic resistance genes ; antibiotic resistance in soil ; metallo-β-lactamase ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Development of Antibacterial Cotton Textiles by Deposition of Fe 2 O 3 Nanoparticles Using Low-Temperature Plasma Sputtering

Agnė Giedraitienė / Modestas Ružauskas / Rita Šiugždinienė / Simona Tučkutė / Kastytis Grigonis / Darius Milčius

Nanomaterials, Vol 13, Iss 24, p

2023 Volume 3106

Abstract: Antibacterial textiles can help prevent infections from antimicrobial-resistant pathogens without using antibiotics. This work aimed to enhance the cotton fabric’s antimicrobial properties by depositing Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles on both sides of its surface. ...

Abstract	Antibacterial textiles can help prevent infections from antimicrobial-resistant pathogens without using antibiotics. This work aimed to enhance the cotton fabric’s antimicrobial properties by depositing Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles on both sides of its surface. The nanoparticles were deposited using low-temperature plasma technology in a pure oxygen atmosphere, which is environmentally friendly. The Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles formed clusters on the fabric surface, rather than thin films that could reduce the airflow of the textile. The optimal conditions for the nanoparticle deposition were 200 W of plasma power, 120 min of immersion time, and 5 cm of Fe cathode–textile sample distance. The received antimicrobial textile was tested and the high efficiency of developed materials were successfully demonstrated against 16 microbial strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi).
Keywords	iron oxide ; nanoparticles ; cotton ; antimicrobial activity ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Microbial and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Microbiota in Common Carps ( Cyprinus carpio ) from Aquacultured and Wild Fish Populations

Modestas Ruzauskas / Julija Armalytė / Eglė Lastauskienė / Rita Šiugždinienė / Irena Klimienė / Raimundas Mockeliūnas / Elena Bartkienė

Animals, Vol 11, Iss 929, p

2021 Volume 929

Abstract: In this study we analyzed differences in microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance profiles in common carp living in two different environments: fish ponds, where carp have been kept under the same growing conditions over the last 50 years, and ... ...

Abstract	In this study we analyzed differences in microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance profiles in common carp living in two different environments: fish ponds, where carp have been kept under the same growing conditions over the last 50 years, and from the wild. The results demonstrated that wild fish carry a great variety of bacterial species (448 species with a prevalence of at least 0.01% from the total number of reads). Aquacultured individuals harbored 2.56 times fewer species in their gut. Significant microbial differences were observed in all taxonomic ranks, including bacterial classes and phyla. Besides bacterial variety, it was determined that aquacultured fish harbored more bacteria that are considered pathogens or opportunistic pathogens, such as Moraxellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcaceae. The frequency of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial indicators was more common in aquacultured fish than in wild fish, therefore fish farming may be a potential source of environmental contamination with antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
Keywords	aeromonas ; antibiotics ; bacteria ; bacterial communities ; fish microbiome lakes ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Serological Variety and Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Isolated from Reptiles

Lina Merkevičienė / Česlova Butrimaitė-Ambrozevičienė / Gerardas Paškevičius / Alma Pikūnienė / Marius Virgailis / Jurgita Dailidavičienė / Agila Daukšienė / Rita Šiugždinienė / Modestas Ruzauskas

Biology, Vol 11, Iss 836, p

2022 Volume 836

Abstract: Salmonella enterica is one of the best adapted bacterial pathogens causing infections in a wide variety of vertebrate species. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in different reptile species and to evaluate their ... ...

Abstract	Salmonella enterica is one of the best adapted bacterial pathogens causing infections in a wide variety of vertebrate species. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in different reptile species and to evaluate their serological variety and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. In total, 97 samples from 25 wild and domesticated reptile species were investigated in Lithuania. Serological variety, as well as phenotypical and genotypical resistance to antimicrobials, were investigated. Fifty isolates of Salmonella were obtained from the ninety-seven tested samples (51.5%; 95% CI 41.2–61.2). A significantly higher prevalence of Salmonella was detected in domesticated individuals (61.3%; 95% CI 50.0–71.5) compared with wild ones (18.2%; 95% CI 7.3–38.5). All isolates belonged to a single species, Salmonella enterica . Results demonstrated that reptiles carry a large variety of Salmonella serovars. Thirty-four isolates (68%) of Salmonella were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug. The most frequent resistance of the isolates was to streptomycin (26%), cefoxitin, gentamicin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol (16%). Genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulphonamides and trimethoprim were detected. No integrons that are associated with horizontal gene transfer were found. Data obtained provided knowledge about the adaptation of Salmonella in reptiles. Healthy individuals, irrespective of their origin, often carry Salmonella , including multi-resistant strains. Due to its large serological diversity, zoonotic potential and antimicrobial resistance, Salmonella in reptiles poses a risk to other animals and humans.
Keywords	antimicrobial susceptibility ; epidemiology ; lizards ; reptiles ; snakes ; Salmonella enterica ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Antibacterial Activity of Silver and Gold Particles Formed on Titania Thin Films

Mantas Sriubas / Kristina Bockute / Paulius Palevicius / Marius Kaminskas / Zilvinas Rinkevicius / Minvydas Ragulskis / Sandrita Simonyte / Modestas Ruzauskas / Giedrius Laukaitis

Nanomaterials, Vol 12, Iss 1190, p

2022 Volume 1190

Abstract: Metal-based nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity are gaining a lot of attention in recent years due to the increased antibiotics resistance. The development and the pathogenesis of oral diseases are usually associated with the formation of bacteria ... ...

Abstract	Metal-based nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity are gaining a lot of attention in recent years due to the increased antibiotics resistance. The development and the pathogenesis of oral diseases are usually associated with the formation of bacteria biofilms on the surfaces; therefore, it is crucial to investigate the materials and their properties that would reduce bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. This work provides a systematic investigation of the physical-chemical properties and the antibacterial activity of TiO 2 thin films decorated by Ag and Au nanoparticles (NP) against Veillonella parvula and Neisseria sicca species associated with oral diseases. TiO 2 thin films were formed using reactive magnetron sputtering by obtaining as-deposited amorphous and crystalline TiO 2 thin films after annealing. Au and Ag NP were formed using a two-step process: magnetron sputtering of thin metal films and solid-state dewetting. The surface properties and crystallographic nature of TiO 2 /NP structures were investigated by SEM, XPS, XRD, and optical microscopy. It was found that the higher thickness of Au and Ag thin films results in the formation of the enlarged NPs and increased distance between them, influencing the antibacterial activity of the formed structures. TiO 2 surface with AgNP exhibited higher antibacterial efficiency than Au nanostructured titania surfaces and effectively reduced the concentration of the bacteria. The process of the observation and identification of the presence of bacteria using the deep learning technique was realized.
Keywords	TiO 2 thin films ; silver nanoparticles ; gold nanoparticles ; Gram-negative bacteria ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Separate and Synergic Effects of Lactobacillus uvarum LUHSS245 and Arabinogalactan on the In Vitro Antimicrobial Properties as Well as on the Fecal and Metabolic Profile of Newborn Calves

Paulina Zavistanaviciute / Vita Lele / Ramūnas Antanaitis / Mindaugas Televičius / Modestas Ruzauskas / Qendrim Zebeli / Elena Bartkiene

Animals, Vol 10, Iss 593, p

2020 Volume 593

Abstract: In this study, arabinogalactan (ARB) and Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245 antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria ( Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17-331, Acinetobacter baumanni 17-380, Proteus mirabilis , MRSA M87fox, ... ...

Abstract	In this study, arabinogalactan (ARB) and Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245 antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria ( Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17-331, Acinetobacter baumanni 17-380, Proteus mirabilis , MRSA M87fox, Enterococcus faecalis 86, Enterococcus faecium 103, Bacillus cereus 18 01, and Streptococcus mutans ) and resistance to antibiotics were evaluated and the role of their supplementation on the main metabolic and fecal variables of newborn calves was established. The animal trial involved 48 Holstein female calves randomly allocated in four homogeneous groups of 12 animals each, on the basis of body weight in the second day of life. Calves were fed with a standard milk replacer diet from the second day of life until 14th day, either unsupplemented or supplemented with 50 mL of LUHS245 (≥7.5 log 10 CFU mL −1 ), 30 g of ARB, or with both (50 mL of LUHS245 and 30 g ARB). In vitro data showed that the LUHS245 inhibited the growth of Salmonella enterica and Bacillus cereus (inhibition zones 13.0 and 21.3 mm, respectively). Supplementation of LUHS245 and ARB either alone or together, lowered total bacterial count in the feces and reduced lactate and serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations in blood. This study showed that LUHS245 supplementation alone or together with ARB seemed to have some positive influence on certain health parameters in newborn calves. Further research with larger cohorts of animals is warranted to validate the beneficial effects of the tested supplements.
Keywords	newborn calves ; lactic acid bacteria ; arabinogalactan ; blood and feces parameters ; antimicrobial properties ; resistance to antibiotics ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Impact of Intensive Fish Farming on Pond Sediment Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Composition

Eglė Lastauskienė / Vaidotas Valskys / Jonita Stankevičiūtė / Virginija Kalcienė / Vilmantas Gėgžna / Justinas Kavoliūnas / Modestas Ružauskas / Julija Armalytė

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Aquaculture is a fast-growing animal food sector, and freshwater fish farming is particularly common in Central and Eastern Europe. As the biodiversity of fishery ponds is changed toward fulfilling the industrial needs, precautions should be taken to ... ...

Abstract	Aquaculture is a fast-growing animal food sector, and freshwater fish farming is particularly common in Central and Eastern Europe. As the biodiversity of fishery ponds is changed toward fulfilling the industrial needs, precautions should be taken to keep the system sustainable and protect the adjacent environment from possible damage. Due to risk of infectious diseases, antibiotics are used in aquaculture production systems. The constant exposure to antimicrobials can contribute to the rise of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture products and the adjacent ecosystems, with possibility of dissemination to the wider environment as well as between animals and humans. Even though previous studies have found antibiotic resistance genes in the sediments and water of farming ponds, the tendency and direction of spreading is not clear yet. The objective of this project was to evaluate the influence of intensive fish farming on the condition of water bodies used for the aquaculture and the environment, concentrating on the impact of the aquaculture on the surrounding water ecosystems as well as the possibility of transferring the pollutants and antibiotic resistance genes to both environment and the human hosts. Combined measurement of antibiotic and heavy metal contamination, toxicity assessment, microorganism diversity, and the detection of common antibiotic resistance genes was performed in the sediments of one fishery farm ponds as well as sampling points upstream and downstream. All the tested sediment samples did not show significantly elevated heavy metal concentrations and no substantial veterinary antibiotic pollution. From the antibiotic resistance genes tested, the presence of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance determinants as well as the presence of integrons could be of concern for the possibility of transfer to humans. However, despite the lack of heavy metal and antibiotic pollution, the sediments showed toxicity, the cause of which should be explored more.
Keywords	antibiotic resistance genes ; fish farming ; heavy metals ; sediment microbiomes ; sediment toxicity ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
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Article ; Online: A Comparison Study of the Caecum Microbial Profiles, Productivity and Production Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed Supplements Based on Medium Chain Fatty and Organic Acids

Agila Dauksiene / Modestas Ruzauskas / Romas Gruzauskas / Paulina Zavistanaviciute / Vytaute Starkute / Vita Lele / Dovile Klupsaite / Jolita Klementaviciute / Elena Bartkiene

Animals, Vol 11, Iss 3, p

2021 Volume 610

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and organic acids (OAs) supplements on the caecum microbial profiles, productivity and production quality characteristics of broiler chickens (BCs). BC (900 chicks) ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and organic acids (OAs) supplements on the caecum microbial profiles, productivity and production quality characteristics of broiler chickens (BCs). BC (900 chicks) were attributed to three groups: (i) control; (ii) MCFAs group (BCs fed with feed supplemented with MCFAs); (iii) OAs group (BCs fed with feed supplemented with OAs). Broilers were slaughtered at the end of the trial (42 days old), and the caecum microbial profiles, productivity and production quality characteristics were analysed. Supplementation with OAs resulted in a more appropriate environment in the caecum for beneficial microorganisms than with a diet supplemented with MCFAs. This was supported by data on the presence of higher amounts and an increased species variety of probiotic bacteria ( Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ) in the caecum of birds. The above-mentioned changes of the caecum microbiota led to significantly higher villus height ( p = 0.003) of the OAs broiler group and significantly lower crypt depth ( p = 0.037). Notwithstanding the significant increase of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids that were established in caecum samples from the MCFAs group, better parameters of broiler production performance (higher body weight and lower mortality) and carcass traits (higher both thigh and shin muscles with skin and bone weight; both shin muscles without skin and bone weight; abdominal fat yield) were found in the OAs-treated group. For chemical, physical and technological characteristics of breast meat samples, increased yellowness and water holding capacity by 14.7% and 2.3%, respectively, were found in MCFAs group samples. A more appropriate environment in the caecum for beneficial microorganisms could be obtained when BCs were fed with OAs supplement, comparing to MCFAs, and these positive changes were associated with higher efficiency of poultry production.
Keywords	poultry ; microbiome ; caecum microbial profiles ; productivity characteristics ; production quality ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Strategy for Local Plant-Based Material Valorisation to Higher-Value Feed Stock for Piglets

Sarunas Badaras / Modestas Ruzauskas / Romas Gruzauskas / Egle Zokaityte / Vytaute Starkute / Ernestas Mockus / Jolita Klementaviciute / Vadims Bartkevics / Laurynas Vadopalas / Dovile Klupsaite / Agila Dauksiene / Gintare Zokaityte / Ruta Mickiene / Elena Bartkiene

Animals, Vol 12, Iss 1092, p

2022 Volume 1092

Abstract: In this study, a 41-day experiment was conducted using 300 (21-day-old) Large White/Norwegian Landrace piglets (100 piglets in each group). Three dietary treatments were compared: (i) a basal diet (C-I), (ii) a basal diet with the addition of extruded– ... ...

Abstract	In this study, a 41-day experiment was conducted using 300 (21-day-old) Large White/Norwegian Landrace piglets (100 piglets in each group). Three dietary treatments were compared: (i) a basal diet (C-I), (ii) a basal diet with the addition of extruded–fermented wheat bran (W ex130/screwspeed25Lpa ) (TG-II), and (iii) a basal diet with the addition of dried sugar beet pulp (TG-III). Analyses of piglets’ blood parameters, faecal microbial and physico-chemical characteristics, and piglets’ growth performance were performed. It was found that the extrusion and fermentation combination led to an additional functional value of W ex130/screwspeed25Lpa , which showed desirable antimicrobial and antifungal properties in vitro (inhibited 5 out of 10 tested pathogenic strains and 3 out of 11 tested fungi). Both treatments reduced total enterobacteria and increased lactic acid bacteria counts in piglets’ faeces. The consistency of the piglets’ faeces (in all three groups) was within a physiological range throughout the whole experiment. Strong positive correlations were found between the LAB count in piglets’ faeces and butanoic acid; butanoic acid, 3-methyl-; butyric acid (2-methyl-); pentanoic acid. The treatment groups obtained a significantly higher body weight gain and average daily gain. Finally, substituting the piglets’ diet with W ex130/screwspeed25Lpa and sugar beet pulp led to favourable changes in micro-organism populations in the piglets’ faeces as well as better growth performance.
Keywords	wheat bran ; extrusion ; fermentation ; sugar beet pulp ; piglets ; microbiota ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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