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  1. Article ; Online: Boron carbide thin film surface characterization after graphitic carbon removal using low-pressure oxygen gas RF plasma.

    Yadav, Praveen K / Gupta, Raj Kumar / Gupta, Shruti / Mukherjee, C / Goutam, U K / Modi, Mohammed H

    Applied optics

    2023  Volume 62, Issue 5, Page(s) 1399–1405

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract B
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.482981
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A versatile beamline for soft x-ray reflectivity, absorption, and fluorescence measurements at Indus-2 synchrotron source.

    Modi, Mohammed H / Gupta, Rajkumar / Gupta, Shruti / Yadav, Praveen Kumar / Kant, Chander / Lal, Sohan / Raghuvanshi, V K / Kane, S R

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2024  Volume 95, Issue 2

    Abstract: A versatile beamline for performing reflectivity, fluorescence, and absorption experiments in the soft x-ray region of 100-1500 eV is commissioned on a bending magnet port of the Indus-2 synchrotron source. A high vacuum 2-axis reflectometer with x, y, ... ...

    Abstract A versatile beamline for performing reflectivity, fluorescence, and absorption experiments in the soft x-ray region of 100-1500 eV is commissioned on a bending magnet port of the Indus-2 synchrotron source. A high vacuum 2-axis reflectometer with x, y, and z sample scanning stages is installed. This reflectometer is used to measure the reflectivity of large samples up to 300 mm in length and 5 kg in weight. This feature is useful for characterizing x-ray optical elements, such as mirrors, gratings, and multilayers. A flange mounted silicon drift detector is installed in the downstream of the reflectometer for soft x-ray fluorescence measurements. The soft x-ray absorption measurements are carried out in the total electron yield and partial fluorescence yield modes. Integration of three different experimental techniques in the experimental station makes the beamline versatile for materials science applications as it provides structural, chemical, and electronic state information by performing the required experiments in an identical environment. The beamline uses a varied line spacing plane grating monochromator and gives a high flux (∼109 to 1011 photon/s) with a moderate resolution (λ/Δλ ~1000-5000). A three-mirror-based higher harmonic setup is incorporated to get rid of harmonics and to get a high spectral purity monochromatic beam with less than 0.1% harmonic content. In the present article, the beamline optical scheme, mechanical configuration, and details of the experimental setups are presented, along with a few representative results of each experimental mode.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0190169
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Influence of spin orbit splitting and satellite transitions on nickel soft X-ray optical properties near its L

    Modi, Mohammed H / Gupta, Raj Kumar / Sinha, Mangalika / Yadav, Praveen Kumar

    Journal of synchrotron radiation

    2020  Volume 27, Issue Pt 6, Page(s) 1633–1639

    Abstract: Transition elements exhibit strong correlations and configuration interactions between core and valence excited states, which give rise to different excitations inside materials. Nickel exhibits satellite features in its emission and absorption spectra. ... ...

    Abstract Transition elements exhibit strong correlations and configuration interactions between core and valence excited states, which give rise to different excitations inside materials. Nickel exhibits satellite features in its emission and absorption spectra. Effects of such transitions on the optical constants of nickel have not been reported earlier and the available database of Henke et al. does not represent such fine features. In this study, the optical behaviour of ion beam sputter deposited Ni thin film near the L
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2021413-3
    ISSN 1600-5775 ; 0909-0495
    ISSN (online) 1600-5775
    ISSN 0909-0495
    DOI 10.1107/S1600577520011960
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  4. Article ; Online: Study of interface reaction in a B

    Modi, Mohammed H / Gupta, Shruti / Yadav, Praveen K / Gupta, Rajkumar / Bose, Aniruddha / Mukherjee, Chandrachur / Jonnard, Philippe / Idir, Mourad

    Journal of synchrotron radiation

    2022  Volume 29, Issue Pt 4, Page(s) 978–984

    Abstract: Boron carbide is a prominent material for high-brilliance synchrotron optics as it remains stable up to very high temperatures. The present study shows a significant change taking place at 550°C in the buried interface region formed between the Cr ... ...

    Abstract Boron carbide is a prominent material for high-brilliance synchrotron optics as it remains stable up to very high temperatures. The present study shows a significant change taking place at 550°C in the buried interface region formed between the Cr adhesive layer and the native oxide layer present on the silicon substrate. An in situ annealing study is carried out at the Indus-1 Reflectivity beamline from room temperature to 550°C (100°C steps). The studied sample is a mirror-like boron carbide thin film of 400 Å thickness deposited with an adhesive layer of 20 Å Cr on a silicon substrate. The corresponding changes in the film structure are recorded using angle-dependent soft X-ray reflectivity measurements carried out in the region of the boron K-edge after each annealing temperature. Analyses performed using the Parratt recursive formalism reveal that the top boron carbide layer remains intact but interface reactions take place in the buried Cr-SiO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2021413-3
    ISSN 1600-5775 ; 0909-0495
    ISSN (online) 1600-5775
    ISSN 0909-0495
    DOI 10.1107/S1600577522004738
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Investigation of the buried planar interfaces in multi-layered inverted organic solar cells using x-ray reflectivity and impedance spectroscopy.

    Srivastava, Shashi B / Modi, Mohammed H / Ghosh, Sajal K / Singh, Samarendra P

    Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal

    2019  Volume 31, Issue 12, Page(s) 124003

    Abstract: The hole and electron extracting interlayers in the organic solar cells (OSCs) play an important role in high performing devices. The present work focuses on an investigation of Zinc oxide/bulk heterojunction (ZnO/BHJ) and BHJ/ ... ...

    Abstract The hole and electron extracting interlayers in the organic solar cells (OSCs) play an important role in high performing devices. The present work focuses on an investigation of Zinc oxide/bulk heterojunction (ZnO/BHJ) and BHJ/MoO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472968-4
    ISSN 1361-648X ; 0953-8984
    ISSN (online) 1361-648X
    ISSN 0953-8984
    DOI 10.1088/1361-648X/aafe38
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Optical properties of zirconium carbide in 60-200 Å wavelength region using x-ray reflectivity technique.

    Singh, Amol / Modi, Mohammed H / Lodha, G S

    Applied optics

    2015  Volume 54, Issue 2, Page(s) 253–258

    Abstract: Optical constants of zirconium carbide (ZrC) have been determined in the soft x-ray region of 60-200 Å wavelength using angle-dependent x-ray reflectivity measurements. Reflectivity measurements are carried out at the reflectivity beamline of the Indus-1 ...

    Abstract Optical constants of zirconium carbide (ZrC) have been determined in the soft x-ray region of 60-200 Å wavelength using angle-dependent x-ray reflectivity measurements. Reflectivity measurements are carried out at the reflectivity beamline of the Indus-1 synchrotron radiation source. Derived optical constants (δ and β) are compared with the tabulated values [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 54, 181 (1993)]. The optical constants are 15%-35% lower than bulk values in the 60-200 Å wavelength region. Near the Zr M4 edge 187 eV (66.3 Å), the δ values were close to bulk values with a deviation of 5%-10%. A large deviation of ∼20% was found in beta values especially near the Zr M4 edge region, whereas it was in close agreement in the wavelength range away from the edge. To the best of our knowledge, this paper gives the first reported experimental values of optical constants for zirconium carbide in the 60-200 Å wavelength region.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.54.000253
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Influence of the core-hole effect on optical properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) near the Mg L-edge region.

    Sinha, Mangalika / Modi, Mohammed H / Ghosh, Haranath / Yadav, P K / Gupta, R K

    Journal of synchrotron radiation

    2018  Volume 25, Issue Pt 3, Page(s) 771–776

    Abstract: The influence of the core-hole effect on optical properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) is established through experimental determination of optical constants and first-principles density functional theory studies. Optical constants (δ and β) of MgO thin ... ...

    Abstract The influence of the core-hole effect on optical properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) is established through experimental determination of optical constants and first-principles density functional theory studies. Optical constants (δ and β) of MgO thin film are measured in the spectral region 40-300 eV using reflectance spectroscopy techniques at the Indus-1 synchrotron radiation source. The obtained optical constants show strong core exciton features near the Mg L-edge region, causing significant mismatch with Henke's tabulated values. On comparing the experimentally obtained optical constants with Henke's tabulated values, an edge shift of ∼3.0 eV is also observed. Distinct evidence of effects of core exciton on optical constants (δ and β) in the near Mg L-edge absorption spectra are confirmed through first-principles simulations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2021413-3
    ISSN 1600-5775 ; 0909-0495
    ISSN (online) 1600-5775
    ISSN 0909-0495
    DOI 10.1107/S1600577518002771
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  8. Article ; Online: Optical constants of e-beam-deposited zirconium dioxide measured in the 55-150 Å wavelength region using the reflectivity technique.

    Singh, Amol / Sinha, Mangalika / Gupta, R K / Modi, Mohammed H

    Applied optics

    2016  Volume 55, Issue 12, Page(s) 3170–3175

    Abstract: In the present study, optical constants of e-beam-deposited zirconium dioxide (ZrO ... 2 ... ) thin film are determined in the 55-150 Å soft x-ray wavelength region using the angle-dependent reflectivity technique. Soft x-ray reflectivity measurements ... ...

    Abstract In the present study, optical constants of e-beam-deposited zirconium dioxide (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) thin film are determined in the 55-150 Å soft x-ray wavelength region using the angle-dependent reflectivity technique. Soft x-ray reflectivity measurements are carried out using the reflectivity beamline at the Indus-1 synchrotron radiation source. Derived optical constants (δ and β) are compared with the tabulated values of Henke et al. [http://henke.lbl.gov/optical_constants/asf.html]. It is found that the measured δ values are consistently lower than the tabulated bulk values in the 70-150 Å wavelength region. In this region, the delta values are lower by 19%-24% from the tabulated data. Below the Zr M<sub>4</sub> edge (66.3 Å), a deviation in delta values is found as ∼2%-21%. These changes are attributed to growth-related defects (oxygen and voids) and variation in film stoichiometry. To the best of our knowledge, the present study gives the first reported experimental values of optical constants for ZrO<sub>2</sub> in the 55-150 Å wavelength region.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.55.003170
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Optical properties of indium phosphide in the 50-200 Å wavelength region using a reflectivity technique.

    Rao, P N / Modi, Mohammed H / Lodha, G S

    Applied optics

    2010  Volume 49, Issue 28, Page(s) 5378–5383

    Abstract: The optical constants of indium phosphide (InP) in the soft x-ray region of 50-200 Å are determined from angle-dependent reflectivity measurements. The measurements are carried out using the reflectivity beam line at the Indus-1 synchrotron source. The ... ...

    Abstract The optical constants of indium phosphide (InP) in the soft x-ray region of 50-200 Å are determined from angle-dependent reflectivity measurements. The measurements are carried out using the reflectivity beam line at the Indus-1 synchrotron source. The derived optical constants are compared with tabulated values of Henke et al. [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 54, 181 (1993)]. Experimental values of δ and β are in close agreement with the tabulated values in the lower wavelength region of 50-120 Å. The experimental value indicates an edge shift of 0.4 Å toward the lower wavelength side from the phosphorous L-edge value of 92 Å. However, above the 120 Å region, where the indium N(2) edge falls at 160.7 Å, there is a huge difference between experimental and tabulated values. Both delta and beta values are significantly higher. In contrast to tabulated values of the β/δ ratio, which is more than 1 above the 140 Å region, the experimental measured ratio is found to be less than 1. This study presents the first reported experimental values of optical constants for InP in this wavelength range, to the best of our knowledge.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.49.005378
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Quantitative determination of higher harmonic content in the soft x-ray spectra of toroidal grating monochromator using a reflection multilayer.

    Modi, Mohammed H / Gupta, R K / Singh, Amol / Lodha, G S

    Applied optics

    2012  Volume 51, Issue 16, Page(s) 3552–3557

    Abstract: Use of a grating monochromator causes a problem of higher harmonic contaminations in a synchrotron beamline operating in the soft x ray/vacuum ultraviolet region. Generally gratings are used to experimentally determine the higher harmonic contaminations. ...

    Abstract Use of a grating monochromator causes a problem of higher harmonic contaminations in a synchrotron beamline operating in the soft x ray/vacuum ultraviolet region. Generally gratings are used to experimentally determine the higher harmonic contaminations. In this method, the relative contribution of contaminant wavelengths is measured with respect to the first harmonic wavelength (desired wavelength). The quantitative fit of grating spectra is rather complex, and therefore qualitative analysis is carried out. Analysis of multilayer reflectivity data has become rather simple with recent advances in the theoretical modeling. Therefore we propose to use a multilayer mirror and analyze its reflectivity data for quantitative determination of harmonic contamination in a soft x ray beamline. In the present study we used a Mo/Si multilayer of d=97  Å to quantify the spectral purity of 600  lines/mm toroidal grating at the reflectivity beamline of Indus-1 450 MeV synchrotron source. The measured reflectivity spectra at each wavelength is analyzed and the actual contribution of higher harmonics in the incident beam is obtained. Details of methodology and results are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.51.003552
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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