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  1. Article: Ogilvie Syndrome and COVID-19 Infection.

    Wang, Jing / Marusca, Georgiana / Tariq, Tooba / Mohamad, Bashar

    Journal of medical cases

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 8, Page(s) 328–331

    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an airborne infection transmitted via respiratory droplets and aerosolized material; however, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the same angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 receptor ... ...

    Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an airborne infection transmitted via respiratory droplets and aerosolized material; however, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the same angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 receptor present in the respiratory epithelial cells to bind surface epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Here we report a case of Ogilvie syndrome in a patient who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 a month prior to hospital admission. Quick recognition of Ogilvie syndrome as a potential complication of COVID-19 infection, prompt treatment with conservative measures, and prevention of possible fecal-oral transmission of the virus are crucial steps.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-03
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2586383-6
    ISSN 1923-4163 ; 1923-4155
    ISSN (online) 1923-4163
    ISSN 1923-4155
    DOI 10.14740/jmc3728
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The Role of Lead, Manganese, and Zinc in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Attention-Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a Case-Control Study on Syrian Children Affected by the Syrian Crisis

    Hawari, Israa / Eskandar, Mohamad Bashar / Alzeer, Samar

    Biological trace element research. 2020 Sept., v. 197, no. 1

    2020  

    Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two developmental disorders that affect children worldwide, and are linked to both genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to investigate the levels of lead, ...

    Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two developmental disorders that affect children worldwide, and are linked to both genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to investigate the levels of lead, manganese, and zinc in each of ASD, ADHD, and ASD with comorbid ADHD in Syrian children born or grown during the Syrian crisis. Lead and manganese were measured in the whole blood, and zinc was measured in the serum in 31 children with ASD, 29 children with ADHD, and 11 children with ASD with comorbid ADHD (ASD-C) compared with 30 healthy children, their ages ranged between 3 and 12 years. Blood lead levels were higher in the groups of ASD-C (245.42%), ASD (47.57%), and ADHD (14.19%) compared with control. Lead levels were significantly higher in children with ASD in the age of 5 or less compared with control, and they were also higher in the male ASD compared with females (P = 0.001). Blood manganese levels were lower in the groups of ASD-C (10.35%), ADHD (9.95%, P = 0.026), and ASD (9.64%, P = 0.046). However, serum zinc levels were within the reference range in all groups of study. Lead and manganese were positively correlated with each other (P = 0.01). Lead increase and manganese decrease may associate with the incidence of ASD, ADHD, or the co-occurrence of both of them together. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between metal levels and the co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD together.
    Keywords autism ; blood serum ; case-control studies ; children ; environmental factors ; females ; lead ; males ; manganese ; zinc
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-09
    Size p. 107-114.
    Publishing place Springer US
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 445336-0
    ISSN 1559-0720 ; 0163-4984
    ISSN (online) 1559-0720
    ISSN 0163-4984
    DOI 10.1007/s12011-020-02146-3
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: The Role of Lead, Manganese, and Zinc in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Attention-Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a Case-Control Study on Syrian Children Affected by the Syrian Crisis.

    Hawari, Israa / Eskandar, Mohamad Bashar / Alzeer, Samar

    Biological trace element research

    2020  Volume 197, Issue 1, Page(s) 107–114

    Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two developmental disorders that affect children worldwide, and are linked to both genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to investigate the levels of lead, ...

    Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two developmental disorders that affect children worldwide, and are linked to both genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to investigate the levels of lead, manganese, and zinc in each of ASD, ADHD, and ASD with comorbid ADHD in Syrian children born or grown during the Syrian crisis. Lead and manganese were measured in the whole blood, and zinc was measured in the serum in 31 children with ASD, 29 children with ADHD, and 11 children with ASD with comorbid ADHD (ASD-C) compared with 30 healthy children, their ages ranged between 3 and 12 years. Blood lead levels were higher in the groups of ASD-C (245.42%), ASD (47.57%), and ADHD (14.19%) compared with control. Lead levels were significantly higher in children with ASD in the age of 5 or less compared with control, and they were also higher in the male ASD compared with females (P = 0.001). Blood manganese levels were lower in the groups of ASD-C (10.35%), ADHD (9.95%, P = 0.026), and ASD (9.64%, P = 0.046). However, serum zinc levels were within the reference range in all groups of study. Lead and manganese were positively correlated with each other (P = 0.01). Lead increase and manganese decrease may associate with the incidence of ASD, ADHD, or the co-occurrence of both of them together. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between metal levels and the co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD together.
    MeSH term(s) Attention ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lead ; Male ; Manganese ; Syria/epidemiology ; Zinc
    Chemical Substances Lead (2P299V784P) ; Manganese (42Z2K6ZL8P) ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 445336-0
    ISSN 1559-0720 ; 0163-4984
    ISSN (online) 1559-0720
    ISSN 0163-4984
    DOI 10.1007/s12011-020-02146-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Atezolizumab, a PD-L1 Inhibitor: An Association of Bleeding Gastric Ulcer With Its Use.

    Bapatla, Anusha / Tariq, Tooba / Haider, Maryam Bilal / Mohamad, Bashar

    Cureus

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) e15637

    Abstract: Atezolizumab is a programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), useful in various advanced solid malignancies. As atezolizumab is more commonly used nowadays, physicians should be aware of the rare associated adverse events ( ... ...

    Abstract Atezolizumab is a programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), useful in various advanced solid malignancies. As atezolizumab is more commonly used nowadays, physicians should be aware of the rare associated adverse events (AEs). Most of the AEs associated with the ICIs are immune-related, and the common gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations are colitis and diarrhea. Upper GI manifestations are rare with atezolizumab, and bleeding gastric ulcer is even rarer. We report here a case of a 62-year-old male with hepatocellular carcinoma who presented with upper GI bleed after atezolizumab therapy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed multiple gastric ulcers, which are likely the cause of his bleeding.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.15637
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Detection of IL12/23p40 via PET Visualizes Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

    Rezazadeh, Farzaneh / Ramos, Nicholas / Saliganan, Allen-Dexter / Al-Hallak, Najeeb / Chen, Kang / Mohamad, Bashar / Wiesend, Wendy N / Viola, Nerissa T

    Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine

    2023  Volume 64, Issue 11, Page(s) 1806–1814

    Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is a relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Long-term chronic inflammatory conditions elevate the patient's risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). ...

    Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is a relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Long-term chronic inflammatory conditions elevate the patient's risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Currently, diagnosis requires endoscopy with biopsy. This procedure is invasive and requires a bowel-preparatory regimen, adding to patient burden. Interleukin 12 (IL12) and interleukin 23 (IL23) play key roles in inflammation, especially in the pathogenesis of IBD, and are established therapeutic targets. We propose that imaging of IL12/23 and its p40 subunit in IBD via immuno-PET potentially provides a new noninvasive diagnostic approach.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Interleukin-12/adverse effects ; Dextrans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy ; Colitis ; Inflammation ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal
    Chemical Substances Interleukin-12 (187348-17-0) ; sodium sulfate (0YPR65R21J) ; Dextrans ; Dextran Sulfate (9042-14-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80272-4
    ISSN 1535-5667 ; 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    ISSN (online) 1535-5667
    ISSN 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    DOI 10.2967/jnumed.123.265649
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Journal ; Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in pregnant women in northern Lebanon

    Mohamad Bashar Ismail / Safaa Khodor / Marwan Osman / Hassan Mallat / Fouad Dabboussi / Monzer Hamze

    2020  

    Abstract: Background: Hepatitis E virus is the main cause of acute hepatitis globally. Infection is especially serious in pregnant women in whom the death rate can reach 25%. The prevalence of hepatitis E virus in pregnant women in Lebanon is not known.Aims: This ... ...

    Abstract Background: Hepatitis E virus is the main cause of acute hepatitis globally. Infection is especially serious in pregnant women in whom the death rate can reach 25%. The prevalence of hepatitis E virus in pregnant women in Lebanon is not known.Aims: This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in a sample of pregnant women in northern Lebanon.Methods: A total of 450 pregnant women from Tripoli, North Lebanon were enrolled in the study. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-hepatitis E virus IgG antibodies using an ELISA technique. Information was collected on the sociodemo-graphic characteristics of the women and their risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection (drinking-water source, blood transfusion and contact with animals).Results: Only one woman was positive for hepatitis E virus giving a prevalence of 0.22%. She had good living conditions, socioeconomic status and educational level and reported no exposure to any risk factors associated with hepatitis E virus infection. Most of the women (87.3%) had a medium or high income level, 47.1% had a university education and 64.9% drank bottled water. Only a small proportion were exposed to risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection: 14.7% had direct contact with animals and 3.8% had had a blood transfusion.Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the sample was low (0.22%). However, further epidemiological studies among other population groups are required to determine the national prevalence of hepatitis E virus in Lebanon.

    Contexte : Le virus de l’hépatite E constitue la principale cause d’hépatite aiguë dans le monde. L’infection est particulièrement grave pour les femmes enceintes, chez qui le taux de mortalité peut atteindre 25 %. La prévalence du virus de l’hépatite E chez les femmes enceintes au Liban n’est pas connue. Objectifs : La présente étude visait à étudier la séroprévalence de l’infection par le virus de l’hépatite E dans un échantillon de femmes enceintes au nord du Liban. Méthodes ...
    Keywords Communicable Diseases ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis E ; Hepatitis E virus ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Pregnant Women ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; epidemiology
    Language English
    Publisher World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
    Document type Journal ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Pembrolizumab-Induced Immune-Mediated Hepatitis and Concurrent Hepatitis B Reactivation in a Patient With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

    Kundumadam, Shanker / Mohamad, Bashar / Muthusamy, Arun / Kathi, Pradeep R / Ehrinpreis, Murray N

    Cureus

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 11, Page(s) e11522

    Abstract: New immuno-therapeutic agents like pembrolizumab used in cancer treatment are known to cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Most of these cases are straightforward when the onset of transaminitis correlates with the introduction of the medication. This agent ...

    Abstract New immuno-therapeutic agents like pembrolizumab used in cancer treatment are known to cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Most of these cases are straightforward when the onset of transaminitis correlates with the introduction of the medication. This agent causing hepatitis B reactivation has been reported only once. To have both these adverse effects occurring at the same time in a patient is uncommon and presents a clinical challenge. Our patient was a 49-year-old gentleman diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung seven months ago. He was started on pembrolizumab, as the malignant tissue obtained during biopsy had high program death-ligand 1 (PDL1) expression. On reviewing the labs ordered during the time of cancer diagnosis, this man has evidence of chronic hepatitis B with positive hepatitis B surface antigen and positive hepatitis B core immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. He presented with acute hepatitis, and workup showed features of hepatitis B reactivation, but the extent of reactivation was not adequate to explain the presentation, hence investigations were pursued. This led the way to the diagnosis of a combined hepatitis B reactivation and drug-induced immune hepatitis in this case. He responded promptly to the withdrawal of the agent and steroids. On follow-up, his liver function panel had significantly improved.  This case is very unique in two aspects. First, to our knowledge, there is only one case reported of pembrolizumab-induced hepatitis B reactivation. In addition, our patient also had immune-mediated hepatitis induced by pembrolizumab. It is very rare to have a combination of these two presentations to be seen in a patient at the same time. Pembrolizumab-induced immune hepatitis can coexist with hepatitis B reactivation following therapy with this agent.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.11522
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in pregnant women in northern Lebanon.

    Ismail, Mohamad Bashar / Khodor, Safaa / Osman, Marwan / Mallat, Hassan / Dabboussi, Fouad / Hamze, Monzer

    Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 580–585

    Abstract: Background: Hepatitis E virus is the main cause of acute hepatitis globally. Infection is especially serious in pregnant women in whom the death rate can reach 25%. The prevalence of hepatitis E virus in pregnant women in Lebanon is not known.: Aims: ...

    Abstract Background: Hepatitis E virus is the main cause of acute hepatitis globally. Infection is especially serious in pregnant women in whom the death rate can reach 25%. The prevalence of hepatitis E virus in pregnant women in Lebanon is not known.
    Aims: This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in a sample of pregnant women in northern Lebanon.
    Methods: A total of 450 pregnant women from Tripoli, North Lebanon were enrolled in the study. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-hepatitis E virus IgG antibodies using an ELISA technique. Information was collected on the sociodemographic characteristics of the women and their risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection (drinking-water source, blood transfusion and contact with animals).
    Results: Only one woman was positive for hepatitis E virus giving a prevalence of 0.22%. She had good living conditions, socioeconomic status and educational level and reported no exposure to any risk factors associated with hepatitis E virus infection. Most of the women (87.3%) had a medium or high income level, 47.1% had a university education and 64.9% drank bottled water. Only a small proportion were exposed to risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection: 14.7% had direct contact with animals and 3.8% had had a blood transfusion.
    Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the sample was low (0.22%). However, further epidemiological studies among other population groups are required to determine the national prevalence of hepatitis E virus in Lebanon.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hepatitis E/epidemiology ; Hepatitis E virus ; Humans ; Lebanon/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-21
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1291071-5
    ISSN 1687-1634 ; 1020-3397
    ISSN (online) 1687-1634
    ISSN 1020-3397
    DOI 10.26719/emhj.19.103
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma Treated With CyBorD.

    Tariq, Tooba / Dawdy, John / Goyal, Sachin / Mohamad, Bashar / Singh, Manmeet / Mutchnick, Milton / Ehrinpreis, Murray

    ACG case reports journal

    2019  Volume 6, Issue 7, Page(s) e00103

    Abstract: Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a life-threatening state generally occurring as a complication of conditioning regimens used for hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Hepatic SOS after a standard dose of chemotherapy in malignancies is ... ...

    Abstract Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a life-threatening state generally occurring as a complication of conditioning regimens used for hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Hepatic SOS after a standard dose of chemotherapy in malignancies is rare, and there are only a few cases in pediatric literature. We report a 56-year-old man with multiple myeloma who experienced SOS after being initiated on chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, and bortezomib and who experienced a delay in treatment with defibrotide, because it is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for only patients who develop SOS after hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2814825-3
    ISSN 2326-3253
    ISSN 2326-3253
    DOI 10.14309/crj.0000000000000103
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Evaluating the Improvement in Colonoscopy Quality Indicators Subsequent to Publication of Professional Society Guidelines.

    Wadehra, Anshu / Moein, Hamid-Reza / Kakos, Diana / Pervez, Eskara / Faidhalla, Salina / Habbal, Heba / Khan, Hajra / Khalid, Mahvish / Naylor, Paul / Mohamad, Bashar

    Cureus

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e13040

    Abstract: Introduction  Quality metrics of colonoscopy should be routinely monitored with a focus on optimizing the patient's subsequent risk of colorectal cancer development. Documentation of bowel preparation, adenoma detection rate (ADR), and post-colonoscopy ... ...

    Abstract Introduction  Quality metrics of colonoscopy should be routinely monitored with a focus on optimizing the patient's subsequent risk of colorectal cancer development. Documentation of bowel preparation, adenoma detection rate (ADR), and post-colonoscopy follow-up recommendations are three of the most important quality indicators for colonoscopy, but significant improvement has been challenging to achieve. The goal of this study is to determine whether the publication of colonoscopy quality indicator guidelines in 2015 resulted in an improvement in quality measures of physicians in our endoscopy suite as compared to before. Methods  We reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent a screening or surveillance colonoscopy in 2014 and 2017. Colonoscopies were performed in an open-access medical center endoscopy suite, staffed by three groups of physicians (academic gastroenterologists (AGs), non-academic gastroenterologists (non-AGs), and surgeons). We gathered demographic data, bowel preparation reports, follow-up recommendations, and notice to patient's primary care physician, and calculated ADR for patients. Age- and gender-matched patients in both years were analyzed for ADR. These data were further subcategorized for each group of physicians. Results  There were 553 patients in 2014 and 1,095 in 2017. Overall, male gender and African American race constituted the majority of patients in both years. Among age- and gender-matched patients in 2014 and 2017 (412 and 243 patients, respectively), ADR within each group of endoscopists was not significantly different between these two years (AGs 44% vs. 50%; non-AGs 32% vs. 27%; surgeons 25% vs. 21%; p>0.05 for all). However, in 2014 and 2017, ADR was significantly higher in the AG group as compared to the non-AG group and surgeons (p<0.006 and p<0.0004, respectively). Reporting of bowel preparation quality (82% vs. 87%) and documenting the recommended period for follow-up surveillance colonoscopy in the report (68% vs. 78%) improved between 2014 and 2017 (p=0.002 and p=0.0001, respectively). Correct recommendations for follow-up surveillance colonoscopy only improved significantly in the AG group (74% in 2014 as compared with 82% in 2017, p=0.003). Conclusion  Based on the current guidelines, AG physicians are far exceeding the target ADR goals, and are superior compared to other groups of endoscopists. Although improvements were noted after guideline publications, areas of needed improvement with respect to meeting gastroenterology society guidelines for quality remained. The fact that individual physicians are performing and billing in an endoscopy suite staffed and equipped by a medical center creates an environment where responsibility for improvement in quality cannot be readily assigned.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.13040
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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