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Article ; Online: Lung cancer embolization causing acute limb ischemia: a case report.

Hussain, Syed Mohammad Asim

2023 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 56

Abstract: Background: Acute tumour embolism to the popliteal artery resulting in limb-threatening ischemia is a rare complication of neoplastic disease. Generally, tumors embolize to the pulmonary circulation via the venous system. In this case, the originating ... ...

Abstract	Background: Acute tumour embolism to the popliteal artery resulting in limb-threatening ischemia is a rare complication of neoplastic disease. Generally, tumors embolize to the pulmonary circulation via the venous system. In this case, the originating tumor was a lung cancer of a large size and advanced stage that had invaded the left atrium of the heart and disseminated in the systemic circulation. The tumor likely fragmented, resulting in showering to the right popliteal artery, superior mesenteric artery, and left renal artery, which is a unique presentation of tumor embolism. Case report: We present a case of a 62-year-old Caucasian gentleman with a large left lower lobe squamous cell lung cancer that had invaded into the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. He presented with acute limb threatening ischemia. A computed tomographic angiogram revealed an occlusion of the left popliteal artery as well as embolization to the superior mesenteric artery and the right renal artery. He was started on intravenous heparin and underwent an emergency popliteal embolectomy and calf fasciotomies, which was limb saving. His fasciotomy wounds were closed after 1 week and he was discharged on anticoagulation. Conclusion: This is a rare case of tumor embolism resulting in both an embolectomy and calf fasciotomies. In the light of such cases, we suggest that tumors invading the bloodstream should be considered high risk for embolization and hypothesize that prophylactic antithrombotic therapy may avoid major morbidity.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Ischemia/diagnostic imaging ; Ischemia/etiology ; Ischemia/therapy ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/etiology ; Embolectomy/adverse effects ; Lung Neoplasms/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2269805-X
ISSN	1752-1947 ; 1752-1947
ISSN (online)	1752-1947
ISSN	1752-1947
DOI	10.1186/s13256-023-03769-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Tumor embolism and acute arterial occlusion: A systematic review.

Hussain, Syed Mohammad Asim

Surgery open science

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 216–222

Abstract: Objective: To determine common etiologies, presentations, management strategies and outcomes in patients with tumor embolism causing acute arterial occlusion.: Study design: This is a systematic review of published case reports on tumor embolism.: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine common etiologies, presentations, management strategies and outcomes in patients with tumor embolism causing acute arterial occlusion. Study design: This is a systematic review of published case reports on tumor embolism. Search strategy: All published cases of tumor embolism in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were reviewed. The search terminologies were (Tumor Embolism), (Ischemia), (Occlusion) and (Infarction). Inclusion and exclusion criteria: All published reports of tumor embolism were included. Studies regarding venous thromboembolism and cancer-associated thromboembolism without tumor embolization were excluded. The cases included numbered 42. Outcome measures: These included the frequencies of different primary tumor types, clinical presentations, anatomical sites of embolization, types of intervention and outcomes including number of deaths and successful discharges. Results: Lung cancer and Atrial Myxoma each accounted for 14 out of 42 cases (33%). There were 11 cases (26.9%) of stroke and 9 cases (21.4%) of myocardial infarction and limb ischemia. Femoral thrombo-embolectomy was performed in all 9 cases of limb ischemia and Primary coronary intervention was performed in 7 out of 9 (77.8%) cases of myocardial infarction. There were 14 inpatient deaths (33.3%) and 19 patients were successfully discharged (45.2%). Conclusion: Lung cancer and atrial myxoma were the most common sources for tumor embolism. Acute stroke was the most common presentation. This is treated with antiplatelets or anticoagulation as well as chemotherapy and resection of primary tumor. Early revascularisation can prevent severe complications such as death, paralysis, heart failure and limb loss in selected cases of tumor embolism. Key message: Histopathological examination of embolic tissue can demonstrate tumor tissue and alert the clinician to a cancer elsewhere. This is most likely to be lung cancer or atrial myxoma. Early revascularisation in selected cases of acute tumor embolism can prevent severe complications and these patients should not be automatically palliated due to their underlying neoplasm.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2589-8450
ISSN (online)	2589-8450
DOI	10.1016/j.sopen.2022.10.006
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Article ; Online: Unravelling the Role of Kinases That Underpin Androgen Signalling in Prostate Cancer

Katie Joanna Miller / Mohammad Asim

Cells, Vol 11, Iss 952, p

2022 Volume 952

Abstract: The androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway is the key driver in most prostate cancers (PCa), and is underpinned by several kinases both upstream and downstream of the AR. Many popular therapies for PCa that target the AR directly, however, have been ... ...

Abstract	The androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway is the key driver in most prostate cancers (PCa), and is underpinned by several kinases both upstream and downstream of the AR. Many popular therapies for PCa that target the AR directly, however, have been circumvented by AR mutation, such as androgen receptor variants. Some upstream kinases promote AR signalling, including those which phosphorylate the AR and others that are AR-regulated, and androgen regulated kinase that can also form feed-forward activation circuits to promotes AR function. All of these kinases represent potentially druggable targets for PCa. There has generally been a divide in reviews reporting on pathways upstream of the AR and those reporting on AR-regulated genes despite the overlap that constitutes the promotion of AR signalling and PCa progression. In this review, we aim to elucidate which kinases—both upstream and AR-regulated—may be therapeutic targets and require future investigation and ongoing trials in developing kinase inhibitors for PCa.
Keywords	androgen receptor ; kinase ; prostate cancer ; androgen-regulated genes ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Colorectal cancer metastases in thyroid: case report and literature review.

Hussain, Syed Mohammad Asim / Cole, Suzanne / Hussain, Iram

Thyroid research

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 8

Abstract: Background: The thyroid gland is an uncommon site for metastatic deposits from non-thyroid malignancies, occurring in only 1.4 - 3% of surgical specimens where malignancy is suspected. It is even rarer for the source of thyroid metastases to be of ... ...

Abstract	Background: The thyroid gland is an uncommon site for metastatic deposits from non-thyroid malignancies, occurring in only 1.4 - 3% of surgical specimens where malignancy is suspected. It is even rarer for the source of thyroid metastases to be of colorectal origin. In most cases reported, colorectal metastases in the thyroid occurs many years later after the primary colorectal cancer has been diagnosed and treated. In this unique case, a primary sigmoid carcinoma metastasised to the thyroid gland and presented synchronously as a thyroid nodule. Case presentation: We describe a case of a 64-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with clinical features of metastatic cancer of unknown origin. Her medical history included underlying hyperthyroidism. She had a large pelvic mass adjacent to the sigmoid colon, a left lower lobe lung mass and a suspicious nodule in the left thyroid lobe. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid nodule was performed, which remarkably showed malignant cells originating from primary colorectal cancer on immunohistochemical staining. The patient was managed with palliative chemotherapy given the poor prognosis due to disseminated colorectal malignancy. Conclusions: Colorectal adenocarcinoma metastases can rarely present as a metastatic thyroid nodule. Fine-needle aspiration should be performed in suspicious thyroid nodules and may be the least invasive way of identifying a metastatic colorectal or other non-thyroidal malignancy in patients presenting with an unknown primary. The pathologist should be vigilant to this possibility and specific immunohistochemical markers should be used to ensure accurate diagnosis. In thyroid metastases, the prognosis is ultimately determined by the primary tumour but thyroidectomy still has a role in alleviating compressive symptoms and can potentially improve survival in selected cases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2454440-1
ISSN	1756-6614
ISSN	1756-6614
DOI	10.1186/s13044-023-00150-y
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Article: Effect of Phacoemulsification on Sub Foveal Choroidal and Central Macular Thickness as measured by Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Ahmed, Javeria / Mukhtar, Ahsan / Mehboob, Mohammad Asim / Khan, Asfandyar

Pakistan journal of medical sciences

2023 Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 941–944

Abstract: Objectives: To study the effect of Phacoemulsification on Sub Foveal Choroidal Thickness (SFCT) and Central Macular Thickness (CMT) as measured by Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).: Methods: This experimental study was conducted at ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To study the effect of Phacoemulsification on Sub Foveal Choroidal Thickness (SFCT) and Central Macular Thickness (CMT) as measured by Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods: This experimental study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi from April 2021 to February 2022. One hundred eyes of 100 patients with age related cataract underwent uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Pre-operative SFCT and CMT was measured and compared with SFCT and CMT at one week, one month and three months after surgery using swept source OCT. Results: Mean age of study population was 56.76±8.31 years. Out of 100 patients, 46 (46%) were males and 54 (54%) were females. Mean pre-operative CMT, one week, one month and three months post-operative CMT was 233.95±9.46 μm, 232.88±8.59 μm, 230.38±10.62 μm and 230.67±7.55 μm respectively. Mean pre-operative SFCT, one week, one month and three months post-operative SFCT was 337.14±8.41 μm, 339.14±9.63 μm, 339.39±11.96 μm and 351.39±9.19 μm respectively. The difference of mean change in CMT from baseline at one week, one month and three months post-operatively was not statistically significant. The difference of mean change in SFCT from baseline at one week and one month post-operatively was not statistically significant. However, the difference of mean change in SFCT from baseline at three months post-operatively was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Uneventful phacoemulsification surgery does not have any effect on central macular thickness, however there is a significant increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness at three months after surgery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-08
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.39.4.6322
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Article: The Role of Tomographic Ultrasonography in Conduit Mapping before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Hussain, Syed Mohammad Asim

publication RETRACTED

Radiology research and practice

2018 Volume 2018, Page(s) 2097305

Abstract: Objective: To assess the performance of tomographic ultrasonography (TUS) in providing images that will enable optimum choice of vein segment to harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).: Methods: This was a prospective study of diagnostic ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the performance of tomographic ultrasonography (TUS) in providing images that will enable optimum choice of vein segment to harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: This was a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy. The index test was tomographic ultrasonography. The reference standard was intraoperative observation. The study was performed at the Vascular Imaging and Cardiothoracic Department at Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester. Patients undergoing CABG who require vein mapping were included in the study. The main outcome measures were the number of tributaries identified in harvested vein segments, presence of varicosities, and usable length of vein. Results: The TUS correctly identified 89 out of 111 vein tributaries in 10 patients resulting in a sensitivity of 80.2%. This resulted in a p value of 0.000001 using an exact binomial test, with a prior probability of 0.5. TUS had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 100% in the identification of varicosities over 14 patients. TUS had 90% agreement with intraoperative observation in assessing usable length of vein over 14 patients. Conclusions: Our results show that TUS has a high sensitivity in identifying vein tributaries. This can be used to select veins with fewer tributaries for harvesting should TUS be used for preoperative vein mapping before CABG.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-21
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article ; Retracted Publication
ZDB-ID	2594649-3
ISSN	2090-195X ; 2090-1941
ISSN (online)	2090-195X
ISSN	2090-1941
DOI	10.1155/2018/2097305
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Article ; Online: Robotic Cardiac Surgery: The Future Gold Standard or An Unnecessary Extravagance?

Harky, Amer / Hussain, Syed Mohammad Asim

Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery

2019 Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) XII–XIII

MeSH term(s)	Cardiac Surgical Procedures/economics ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/standards ; Humans ; Mitral Valve/surgery ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/economics ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-27
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2031026-2
ISSN	1678-9741 ; 0102-7638
ISSN (online)	1678-9741
ISSN	0102-7638
DOI	10.21470/1678-9741-2019-0194
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Article: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Comorbid With Mediastinal Small Cell Carcinoma: A Clinical Dilemma.

Shakir, Muhammad Hassan / Abdul Basit, Salman / Ray, Barun K / Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Hussain / Chaudhary, Taibah / Amjad, Mohammad Asim

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e53578

Abstract: We present an interesting case of mediastinal small cell carcinoma (MSCC), an exceedingly rare entity, comorbid with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A 66-year-old female was first seen in the pulmonology office for abnormal chest computed tomography ...

Abstract	We present an interesting case of mediastinal small cell carcinoma (MSCC), an exceedingly rare entity, comorbid with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A 66-year-old female was first seen in the pulmonology office for abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) findings of right apical bronchiectasis and subpleural fibrotic changes with focal pleural thickening along the fissures, along with a right lower lobe nodule. Pulmonary function testing (PFT) showed an obstructive pattern with modest bronchodilator response, although subsequent PFT showed a worsening restrictive pattern with a worsening DLCO. On a follow-up CT one year later, a soft tissue density with peripheral calcification was found in the anterior mediastinum, later found to be hypermetabolic on a PET scan. Radiographically, fibrosis worsened with the appearance of worsening diffuse bilateral coarse reticular interstitial changes with lower lobe predominance, honeycombing, and areas of ground-glass opacity. A biopsy of the mediastinal lesion showed a high-grade neuroendocrine tumor. Cam5.2, insulinoma-associated protein-1, synaptophysin, and thyroid transcription factor-1 immunostains were positive. She underwent four cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide with a total of 60 Gy of radiation. Mediastinal mass started to decrease in size. Her respiratory status, imaging, and PFTs continued to show evidence of IPF progression. Prednisone resulted in modest clinical and radiographic response. Steroid-sparing therapy with mycophenolate mofetil, although effective, had to be discontinued due to GI bleeding. Anti-fibrotic therapy was deferred due to evidence showing a lack of clinical improvement. We discuss the existing evidence available on IPF management and proceed to highlight the deficiencies in existing data available on the management of IPF and MSCC in these patients. Most of the cases of MSCC reported in the past have managed MSCC using guidance from treatment practices for small cell lung cancer. No reported cases discuss or describe the management of IPF and MSCC in the very rare cohort of patients our case represents.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.53578
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Article ; Online: Accelerated Weathering and Soil Burial Effect on Biodegradability, Colour and Textureof Coir/Pineapple Leaf Fibres/PLA Biocomposites

Ramengmawii Siakeng / Mohammad Jawaid / Mohammad Asim / Suchart Siengchin

Polymers, Vol 12, Iss 2, p

2020 Volume 458

Abstract: Accelerated weathering and soil burial tests on biocomposites of various ratios of coir (CF)/pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) with polylactic acid (PLA) were conducted to study the biodegradability, colour, and texture properties as compared with PLA.The ... ...

Abstract	Accelerated weathering and soil burial tests on biocomposites of various ratios of coir (CF)/pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) with polylactic acid (PLA) were conducted to study the biodegradability, colour, and texture properties as compared with PLA.The biodegradability of a lignocellulosic composite largely depends on its polymer matrix, and the rate of biodegradation depends on many environmental factors such as moisture, light(radiation), temperature and microbes. Biodegradation was evaluated by soil burial and accelerated weathering tests. Changes in physical and morphological properties were observed in the biocomposites after weathering. These results allowed us to conclude that untreated CF/PALF/PLA biocomposites would be a more favourable choice owing to their better biodegradability and are suitable for the suggested biodegradable food packaging applications.
Keywords	biodegradability ; accelerate weathering ; soil burial ; polylactic acid ; coir fibres ; pineapple leaf fibres ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Molecular surveillance of drug resistance

Najia Karim Ghanchi / Bushra Qurashi / Hadiqa Raees / Mohammad Asim Beg

Malaria Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance single nucleotide polymorphisms in Kelch protein propeller (K13) domain from Southern Pakistan

2021 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Background K13 propeller (k13) polymorphism are useful molecular markers for tracking the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Polymorphisms are reported from Cambodia with rapid invasion of the population and ...

Abstract	Abstract Background K13 propeller (k13) polymorphism are useful molecular markers for tracking the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Polymorphisms are reported from Cambodia with rapid invasion of the population and almost near fixation in south East Asia. The study describes single nucleotide polymorphisms in Kelch protein propeller domain of P. falciparum associated with artemisinin resistance from Southern Pakistan. Methods Two hundred and forty-nine samples were collected from patients with microscopy confirmed P. falciparum malaria attending Aga Khan University Hospital during September 2015-April 2018. DNA was isolated using the whole blood protocol for the QIAmp DNA Blood Kit. The k13 propeller gene (k13) was amplified using nested PCR. Double-strand sequencing of PCR products was performed using Sanger sequencing methodology. Sequences were analysed with MEGA 6 and Bio edit software to identify specific SNP combinations. Results All isolates analysed for k13 propeller allele were observed as wild-type in samples collected post implementation of ACT in Pakistan. C580Y, A675V, Y493H and R539T variants associated with reduced susceptibility to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) were not found. Low frequency of M476I and C469Y polymorphisms was found, which is significantly associated with artemisinin resistance. Conclusion Low frequencies of both nonsynonymous and synonymous polymorphisms were observed in P. falciparum isolates circulating in Southern Pakistan. The absence of known molecular markers of artemisinin resistance in this region is favourable for anti-malarial efficacy of ACT. Surveillance of anti-malarial drug resistance to detect its emergence and spread need to be strengthened in Pakistan.
Keywords	Artemisinin ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Pakistan ; Drug resistance ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
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