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  1. Article ; Online: Artificial Intelligence and The Future of Scientific Progress

    Mohammad Hoseini Moghadam

    مطالعات مدیریت کسب و کار هوشمند, Vol 12, Iss

    From Normal Science to Post Normal Science

    2023  Volume 45

    Abstract: The concept of progress has long been a central focus of scholarly discourse, with science and technology serving as key drivers for societal advancement and the continual improvement of quality of life. In this context, the integration of AI into ... ...

    Abstract The concept of progress has long been a central focus of scholarly discourse, with science and technology serving as key drivers for societal advancement and the continual improvement of quality of life. In this context, the integration of AI into scientific discoveries has resulted in notable ontological and epistemological developments within the realm of science, lending itself to an understanding informed by post normal science approaches. This article aims to elucidate how artificial intelligence can augment the power of scientific discoveries and human knowledge in the ongoing progression of science. The research methodology employed for this study entails documentary studies and trend analysis is conducted to explore the influence of artificial intelligence on the advancement of science and technology.The principal findings of this investigation reveal that artificial intelligence has fundamentally transformed the structure, function, methodology, and human agency associated with scientific progress. Consequently, a new paradigm of dominance and subjugation within the scientific domain has emerged, perpetuating an increasing divide between AI beneficiaries and those deprived of such technological resources. This growing disparity underscores the significance of unequal access to emerging technologies and its implications for scientific research.
    Keywords artificial intelligence ; normal science ; post-normal science ; scientific progress ; Business ; HF5001-6182
    Subject code 501
    Language Persian
    Publishing date 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Allameh Tabataba'i University Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Investigating the Presence of SARS-CoV-2 on the Surfaces, Fomites, and in Indoor Air of a Referral COVID-19 Hospital, Shiraz, Iran

    Ehsan Gharehchahi / Fatemeh Dehghani / Ata Rafiee / Marzieh Jamalidoust / Mohammad Hoseini

    Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System, Vol 11, Iss 1 (Supplement), Pp 241-

    2023  Volume 251

    Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an immensely transmissible viral infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the indoor air, on the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an immensely transmissible viral infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the indoor air, on the surfaces, and on the fomites of a COVID-19 referral hospital in Shiraz, Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, indoor air sampling was conducted utilizing a standard midget impinger containing 15 ml of viral transfer medium (VTM) equipped with a sampling pump with a flow rate of 10 L min-1 for 60 minutes. Surfaces and fomites were sampled using sterile polyester swabs. The realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was utilized to detect SARS-CoV-2.Results: The RNA of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in about 41.2% indoor air and 32% swab samples. Four out of the six (66.7%) indoor air samples up to a distance of 2 meters from the patient’s bed in intensive care units (ICU-1, ICU-3), accident and emergency (A&E-2), and negative pressure rooms were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. All air samples within 2 to 5 meters of the patient’s bed were negative.Conclusion: This study’s results did not support the airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission; However, it showed contamination of surfaces and fomites in the studied hospital’s wards.
    Keywords airborne transmission ; fomites ; hospitals ; sars-cov-2 ; surface ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Health Care Waste Management in Hospitals of Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Hoseini / Solmaz Aslan Pour / Gholam Hossein Safari

    Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 97-

    A Comparison between General and Specialized Hospitals

    2021  Volume 104

    Abstract: Background: Health care waste (HCW) management is highly important and has received special attention from the authorities and people. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the management of HCW in general and specialized hospitals of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Health care waste (HCW) management is highly important and has received special attention from the authorities and people. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the management of HCW in general and specialized hospitals of Tabriz, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, field investigations were conducted on gathering data on HCW management activities using the WHO questionnaire including 100 questions through observation. Results: This study indicated that the total in-use beds in the studied hospitals were 3953 beds. The total amount of generating wastes in the hospitals was 13349.5 kg day-1, of which 10059 kg day-1 (75.4%) was general waste and the remaining 24.6% (3290.5 kg day-1) was categorized as medical waste. The medical waste was categorized further into infectious (3002.50 kg day-1), sharp (171.80 kg day-1), chemical (63.15 kg day-1), and pathological (52.55 kg day-1) wastes. In general and specialized hospitals, 56% and 31% of the waste separation was at a good level, respectively. The results showed that the chemical process (37.5%) was the mostly used method for the treatment of medical waste in the studied hospitals. Conclusions: Generally, the rate of waste generation in general hospitals was more than that in specialized hospitals. Higher waste generation in general hospitals can be due to the fact that in these hospitals the amount and diversity of the health services provided were more than specialized hospitals. Good separation of general wastes from medical ones, proper health waste management, and training of staff for correct segregation of wastes can lead to a reduction of treatment charges.
    Keywords waste management ; medical waste ; chemical process ; health services ; iran ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 710
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Key educational and research factors affecting the future of medical education discipline in Iran

    Atiye Faghihi / Mohammad Hoseini Moghadam / Nikoo Yamani

    Journal of Education and Health Promotion, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 270-

    A qualitative study

    2020  Volume 270

    Abstract: CONTEXT: Along with the evolutions of medical sciences education, the importance of medical education discipline has gained more attention for keeping up with these evolutions. Therefore, paying attention to policymaking regarding the development of this ...

    Abstract CONTEXT: Along with the evolutions of medical sciences education, the importance of medical education discipline has gained more attention for keeping up with these evolutions. Therefore, paying attention to policymaking regarding the development of this discipline and its position in universities is very necessary. AIMS: This study has been done with the aim of investigating key educational and research factors affecting the future of medical education discipline in Iran. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is a qualitative study with directed content analysis approach, which has been conducted in eight medical sciences universities having medical education department (Tehran, Iran, Shahid Beheshti, Isfahan, Mashhad, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Kerman) in 2018–2019. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 25 participants (professors, students, and graduates) of medical education discipline were selected by purposeful sampling and with maximum diversity. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: After analyzing the data, a number of 1561 initial codes were obtained, of which 914 codes were extracted after removing repetitious codes and merging similar codes. Finally, the obtained results from content analysis were classified into two main categories including key educational and research factors and ten subcategories. CONCLUSIONS: Among the most important key educational and research factors affecting the future of medical education discipline, it can be mention to the role of the discipline curriculum and need to revise it, the need to monitor the graduates and their status , globalization, the role of medical education centers and departments, and the role of theses. It is recommended that future studies investigate other key factors affecting the future of the discipline.
    Keywords education ; future ; key factor ; medical education discipline ; qualitative study ; research ; Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Monotheism of Religions

    Seyed Mohammad Hoseini-Pour / Mohammad Movahedian Attar

    International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, Vol 7, Iss 5, Pp 37-

    2020  Volume 51

    Abstract: The need to follow religions throughout history has been a source of human belief in the existence of a wise creator in the creation of the universe. If we consider the world to be the product of the creation of a wise Creator, we will consider the ... ...

    Abstract The need to follow religions throughout history has been a source of human belief in the existence of a wise creator in the creation of the universe. If we consider the world to be the product of the creation of a wise Creator, we will consider the sending of the Messenger to be the result of His wisdom, and we will reasonably follow His messengers. Now the question is whether at present all the heavenly religions are divine and trusted with the details contained in their holy books, and human beings are free to choose one of them and they are free to choose each of them to be guided or not? The present article, in a descriptive and analytical way, while distinguishing between religions and denominations, proves the necessity of following religions and then categorizes religions throughout history and studies the three world religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam and compares their divine books. As a result of this research and according to the traditional and rational reasons, it has been proven that the pre-Islamic divine books (The Bible) have undergone changes and distortions, and unlike the Qur'an, which has been protected from distortions according to convincing evidences, they are not currently fully trusted. Also, since in the remaining text of these books there are signs of the appearance of the Last Prophet and the necessity of following him, and also according to other evidences, it was proved that the only divine available path is Islam, whose heavenly book is eternal and it is necessary for humankind to follow it.
    Keywords islam ; custom ; distortion ; religion ; bible ; Social Sciences ; H ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 230
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher International journal of multicultural and multireligious understanding
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Toxicity of Nickel Nanoparticles and Nickel Chloride on Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Level of Lipid Peroxidation in Liver and Serum of Rats

    Farnoosh Anoosha / Bagher Seyedalipour / SeyedMohammad Hoseini

    Iranian South Medical Journal, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 14-

    2020  Volume 26

    Abstract: Background: Rapid development of the nanotechnology industry requires that we understand the toxicity of nanoparticles and factors associated with their risks to living organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of nickel ... ...

    Abstract Background: Rapid development of the nanotechnology industry requires that we understand the toxicity of nanoparticles and factors associated with their risks to living organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) and nickel chloride on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in serum and liver of rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=6). The control group did not receive any treatment, a sham group (normal saline), and experimental groups received Ni NPs and nickel chloride at concentrations of 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection. After blood collection, liver tissue was isolated and homogenized to measure the activity of antioxidant enzymes: glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: Total antioxidant capacity of serum significantly decreased in NiONPs groups at doses of 5, 15, and 25 mg/kg (p=0.003, p=0.034, p=0.006) compared with the control, respectively. Furthermore, total antioxidant capacity in liver significantly decreased in NiONPs groups at doses of 5, 15, and 25 mg/kg (p=0.012, p=0.029, p=0.005), respectively. The mean serum and liver MDA levels of Ni NPs and NiCl2 groups significantly increased only at the dose of 25 mg/kg (p=0.03) and (p=0.014) compared to the control. The mean serum GST activity of Ni NPs groups significantly decreased at doses of 15 and 25 mg/kg (p=0.014) and (p=0.04) compared to the control, respectively. Conclusion: Nickel nanoparticles probably induce the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Decreased total antioxidant levels and increased MDA indicates oxidative stress of liver tissue.
    Keywords oxidative stress ; nickel nanoparticle ; nickel chloride ; lipid peroxidation ; rat ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 500 ; 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Exposure of Housewives to Volatile Organic Compounds (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) in the Indoor Air of Houses

    Zeynab Tabatabaei / Mohammad Ali Baghapour / Mohammad Hoseini / Narges Shamsedini

    تحقیقات سلامت در جامعه, Vol 6, Iss 4, Pp 51-

    2021  Volume 62

    Abstract: Introduction and purpose: The concentration of some indoor pollutants is often recognized as higher than that in the outdoor. Accordingly, household air pollution is currently considered one of the most important public health concerns worldwide. ... ...

    Abstract Introduction and purpose: The concentration of some indoor pollutants is often recognized as higher than that in the outdoor. Accordingly, household air pollution is currently considered one of the most important public health concerns worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) pollutants in the air of houses in Khesht, Fars Province, Iran. Moreover, it was attempted to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of these compounds in respiratory air for housewives. Methods: Air samples were taken from 30 houses according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Manual of Analytical Method no. 1501 and were analyzed using the gas chromatography/flame ionization detector to measure BTEX compounds. In addition, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of target compounds in respiratory air for housewives during one year were assessed in this study. Mann Whitney U and Spearman correlation tests were applied to analyze the data in SPSS software (version 23). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the results, the benzene, toluene, and xylenes concentrations varied from 0.06 to 1.76, 0.1 to 0.96, and 0.01 to 0.97 µg / m3, respectively. Moreover, ethylbenzene levels in all samples were below the detection limit. A significant linear and positive relationship was observed between benzene and toluene concentrations (P<0.05). Furthermore, the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk for benzene in all samples was reported to be significantly lower than the standard (1×10-6) recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover, the calculated hazard quotient for benzene, toluene, and xylene was less than one in this study. Conclusion: The WHO has not considered any safe restrictions on exposure to benzene, especially indoors in which people spend more time. However, even the low concentrations of these indoor pollutants are dangerous to human health, especially housewives. Therefore, in order to reduce the concentration of these pollutants and other BTEX compounds, it is recommended to reduce or eliminate those human activities that release BTEX compounds and use appropriate ventilation methods.
    Keywords btex compounds ; indoor air pollution ; risk assessment ; volatile organic compounds ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 333
    Language Persian
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Assessment of excess lifetime cancer risk and risk of lung cancer due to exposure to radon in a middle eastern city in Iran

    Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor / Mohammad Hoseini / Samaneh Shahsavani / Narges Shamsedini / Ehsan Gharehchahi

    Radiation Medicine and Protection, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 112-

    2021  Volume 116

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the excess lifetime cancer risk and lung cancer risk due to exposure to 222Rn at homes, stone cutting and processing plants, and stone mines. Methods: 222Rn concentration was measured in 74 sample sites. Sampling was conducted using ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the excess lifetime cancer risk and lung cancer risk due to exposure to 222Rn at homes, stone cutting and processing plants, and stone mines. Methods: 222Rn concentration was measured in 74 sample sites. Sampling was conducted using Alpha Track, comprising CR-39 polymer film. The detectors were placed at the height of 1.00–1.50 m from the floor and away from windows and sunlight per the US. EPA guidelines. The detectors were retrieved after being exposed to 222Rn for the period of three months and then etched in a 6.25 mol/L NaOH solution at 90 °C for 4 h. The results were used to assess the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and lung cancer risk (LCR). Results: The findings showed that the ELCR at homes, stone cutting and processing plants, and stone mines for the mean levels of 222Rn were 0.49%, 0.15%, and 0.15%, respectively. The ELCR values for all sampling sites were lower than the U.S. EPA action level. The number of lung cancer cases in the Neyriz due to the effective dose received by residents for the mean, maximum, and 95th percentile was estimated to be 1.6, 3.6, and 3.1 per year, respectively. The number of lung cancer cases per 106 population due to exposure to mean concentration for stone cutting and processing plants was 10.53, 15.79, and 14.49, respectively. These values for stone mines were 10.39, 26.76, and 18.87, respectively. The results have shown that LCR values were below the range recommended by ICRP. Conclusions: Overall, the ELCR, because of long-term exposure to 222Rn and its progeny levels, does not pose a significant threat to residents and workers. The LCR associated with radon exposure was low in three sampling sites that could be considered safe for both residents and workers.
    Keywords Radon ; Lung cancer ; Risk assessment ; Residents ; Occupational exposure ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Ecological study of ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in elderly

    Samaneh Dehghani / Mohebat Vali / Arian Jafarian / Vahide Oskoei / Zahra Maleki / Mohammad Hoseini

    Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 14

    Abstract: Abstract As an independent risk factor, ambient air pollution can assume a considerable part in mortality and worsening of cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and ... ...

    Abstract Abstract As an independent risk factor, ambient air pollution can assume a considerable part in mortality and worsening of cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality and their risk factors in Iranian's elderly population. This inquiry was conducted ecologically utilizing recorded data on cardiovascular disease mortality from 1990 to 2019 for males and females aged 50 years or more from the Global Burden of Disease dataset. Data was interned into Joinpoint software 4.9.0.0 to present Annual Percent Change (APC), Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC), and its confidence intervals. The relationship between recorded data on ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease' mortality, the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, high body mass index, and diabetes mellitus type2 was investigated using the Spearman correlation test in R 3.5.0 software. Our finding demonstrated that cardiovascular diseases in elderly males and females in Iran had a general decreasing trend (AAPC = −0.77% and −0.65%, respectively). The results showed a positive correlation between exposure to ambient ozone pollution (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.94) ambient particulate and air pollution (p < 0.001, r = 0.99) and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Also, ambient air pollution was positively correlated with high systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001, r = 0.98), high LDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.001, r = 0.97), high body mass index (p < 0.001, r = 0.91), diabetes mellitus type2 (p < 0.001, r = 0.77). Evidence from this study indicated that ambient air pollution, directly and indirectly, affects cardiovascular disease mortality in two ways by increasing the prevalence of some traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Evidence-based clinical and public health methodologies are necessary to decrease the burden of death and disability associated with cardiovascular disease.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Removal of Diclofenac Sodium from Wastewater in Microbial Fuel Cell by Anode Modified with MnCo 2 O 4

    Roya Morovati / Mohammad Hoseini / Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor / Mansooreh Dehghani / Mohammad Ali Baghapour / Saeed Yousefinejad

    Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 13907, p

    2022  Volume 13907

    Abstract: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a modified anode is one of the new methods to increase MFC efficiency. This study synthesized an anode modified with cobalt manganese oxide (MnCo 2 O 4 @CF) on carbon felt (CF) by easy hydrothermal method and binder-free. ... ...

    Abstract Microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a modified anode is one of the new methods to increase MFC efficiency. This study synthesized an anode modified with cobalt manganese oxide (MnCo 2 O 4 @CF) on carbon felt (CF) by easy hydrothermal method and binder-free. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was measured with and without diclofenac (DCF). According to SEM results, MnCo 2 O 4 was uniformly dispersed on the anode electrode surface. Moreover, the maximum power density in COD (1000 mg/L), 48 h. condition without DCF (726 mA/m 2 ) was 165 ± 0.012 mW/m 2 and with DCF concentration of 20 mg/L, it was 308 ± 0.013 mW/m 2 (992 mA/m 2 ). In addition, in the presence of 10 mg/L DCF concentration, the maximum COD removal efficiency was 82% ± 1.93 at 48 h. COD removal efficiency without DCF was 94.67% ± 0.02 at 72 h. After 72 h, the maximum removal efficiency of COD and DCF in the carbon anode was 41% ± 1.15 and 9.5% ± 0.23, respectively. Moreover, the maximum DCF removal efficiency using a MnCo 2 O 4 anode was 56% ± 0.55, at 48 h; the initial COD concentration was 500 mg/L, and the DCF concentration was 20 mg/L. This research showed that coating the anode with MnCo 2 O 4 could lead to the increased growth of microorganisms on the surface of the anode, decreased load transfer resistance, increased power density, and more removal of COD and DCF. As a result, the performance of fuel cells with modified anode and removal of DCF increased compared to anode with CF-MFC. Thus, the performance of fuel cells with modified anode and removal of DCF increased compared to anode with CF-MFC.
    Keywords anode modification ; COD ; diclofenac ; manganese cobalt oxide ; microbial fuel cell ; power density ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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