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Article ; Online: Insights on the Role of Polyphenols in Combating Cancer Drug Resistance

Mohd Farhan

Biomedicines, Vol 11, Iss 1709, p

2023 Volume 1709

Abstract: Chemotherapy resistance is still a serious problem in the treatment of most cancers. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to both inherent and acquired drug resistance. They include the use of unaffected growth-signaling pathways, changes in ...

Abstract	Chemotherapy resistance is still a serious problem in the treatment of most cancers. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to both inherent and acquired drug resistance. They include the use of unaffected growth-signaling pathways, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and the active transport of medicines out of the cell. The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols and their potential to inhibit the activation of procarcinogens, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as to promote the inhibition or downregulation of active drug efflux transporters, have been linked to a reduced risk of cancer in epidemiological studies. Polyphenols also have the ability to alter immunological responses and inflammatory cascades, as well as trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. The discovery of the relationship between abnormal growth signaling and metabolic dysfunction in cancer cells highlights the importance of further investigating the effects of dietary polyphenols, including their ability to boost the efficacy of chemotherapy and avoid multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, it is summarized what is known regarding the effectiveness of natural polyphenolic compounds in counteracting the resistance that might develop to cancer drugs as a result of a variety of different mechanisms.
Keywords	cancer ; drug resistance ; antioxidants ; plant polyphenols ; pharmaceutical uses ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: AlexNet-Based Feature Extraction for Cassava Classification

Miftahus Sholihin / Mohd Farhan Md Fudzee / Mohd Norasri Ismail

Baghdad Science Journal, Vol 20, Iss 6(Suppl.) (2023)

A Machine Learning Approach

2023

Abstract: Cassava, a significant crop in Africa, Asia, and South America, is a staple food for millions. However, classifying cassava species using conventional color, texture, and shape features is inefficient, as cassava leaves exhibit similarities across ... ...

Abstract	Cassava, a significant crop in Africa, Asia, and South America, is a staple food for millions. However, classifying cassava species using conventional color, texture, and shape features is inefficient, as cassava leaves exhibit similarities across different types, including toxic and non-toxic varieties. This research aims to overcome the limitations of traditional classification methods by employing deep learning techniques with pre-trained AlexNet as the feature extractor to accurately classify four types of cassava: Gajah, Manggu, Kapok, and Beracun. The dataset was collected from local farms in Lamongan Indonesia. To collect images with agricultural research experts, the dataset consists of 1,400 images, and each type of cassava has 350 images. Three fully connected (FC) layers were utilized for feature extraction, namely fc6, fc7, and fc8. The classifiers employed were support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Naive Bayes. The study demonstrated that the most effective feature extraction layer was fc6, achieving an accuracy of 90.7% with SVM. SVM outperformed KNN and Naive Bayes, exhibiting an accuracy of 90.7%, sensitivity of 83.5%, specificity of 93.7%, and F1-score of 83.5%. This research successfully addressed the challenges in classifying cassava species by leveraging deep learning and machine learning methods, specifically with SVM and the fc6 layer of AlexNet. The proposed approach holds promise for enhancing plant classification techniques, benefiting researchers, farmers, and environmentalists in plant species identification, ecosystem monitoring, and agricultural management.
Keywords	Color ; Feature extraction ; KNN ; Naïve Bayes ; Shape ; SVM ; Texture ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	Arabic
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Risedronate and Methotrexate Are High-Affinity Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1 (NDM-1)

Ghazala Muteeb / Abdulrahman Alsultan / Mohd Farhan / Mohammad Aatif

Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 1283, p

A Drug Repurposing Approach

2022 Volume 1283

Abstract: Bacteria expressing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) can hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems) and, thus, mediate multidrug resistance. The worldwide dissemination of NDM-1 poses a serious threat to public ... ...

Abstract	Bacteria expressing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) can hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems) and, thus, mediate multidrug resistance. The worldwide dissemination of NDM-1 poses a serious threat to public health, imposing a huge economic burden in the development of new antibiotics. Thus, there is an urgent need for the identification of novel NDM-1 inhibitors from a pool of already-known drug molecules. Here, we screened a library of FDA-approved drugs to identify novel non-β-lactam ring-containing inhibitors of NDM-1 by applying computational as well as in vitro experimental approaches. Different steps of high-throughput virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and enzyme kinetics were performed to identify risedronate and methotrexate as the inhibitors with the most potential. The molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that both of the compounds (risedronate and methotrexate) formed a stable complex with NDM-1. Furthermore, analyses of the binding pose revealed that risedronate formed two hydrogen bonds and three electrostatic interactions with the catalytic residues of NDM-1. Similarly, methotrexate formed four hydrogen bonds and one electrostatic interaction with NDM-1’s active site residues. The docking scores of risedronate and methotrexate for NDM-1 were –10.543 kcal mol −1 and −10.189 kcal mol −1 , respectively. Steady-state enzyme kinetics in the presence of risedronate and methotrexate showed a decreased catalytic efficiency (i.e., kcat/Km) of NDM-1 on various antibiotics, owing to poor catalytic proficiency and affinity. The results were further validated by determining the MICs of imipenem and meropenem in the presence of risedronate and methotrexate. The IC 50 values of the identified inhibitors were in the micromolar range. The findings of this study should be helpful in further characterizing the potential of risedronate and methotrexate to treat ...
Keywords	antibiotic resistance ; FDA-approved drugs ; metallo-β-lactamase ; molecular docking and simulation ; structure-based drug design ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SIRT7 gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 system enhances melanin production in the melanoma cells.

Siddiqui, Mohd Farhan / Kim, Moon-Moo

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease

2021 Volume 1867, Issue 11, Page(s) 166219

Abstract: Melanin is a prominent pigment of skin and hair, and its deficiency can cause various disorders such as hair graying and albinism. The improvement of melanin production at a genetic level could offer an effective and permanent solution. Recently, SIRT7 ... ...

Abstract	Melanin is a prominent pigment of skin and hair, and its deficiency can cause various disorders such as hair graying and albinism. The improvement of melanin production at a genetic level could offer an effective and permanent solution. Recently, SIRT7 has evoked an interest in the study of hair follicle stem cells, but its role in melanin synthesis remains unclear. In the present study, we have first successfully developed SIRT7 gene KO melanoma cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. It was found that the SIRT7 gene KO enhanced melanin production in melanoma cells. To validate the role of SIRT7 in melanin production, RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining assays were performed. The expression levels of melanin-producing genes and proteins (MITF, TRP1, TRP-2, TYR, TH) were significantly increased in SIRT7 gene KO cells compared to normal cells. In addition, melanin production was increased in KO cells higher than in normal cells through the image analysis. All these results suggest that SIRT7 could play an essential role in regulating melanin production, providing an alternative drug target to treat pigmentary disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Humans ; Melanins/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Pigmentation Disorders/drug therapy ; Pigmentation Disorders/genetics ; Sirtuins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sirtuins/genetics ; Sirtuins/metabolism ; Skin/metabolism ; Skin Pigmentation/genetics
Chemical Substances	Melanins ; Sirt7 protein, mouse ; Sirtuins (EC 3.5.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-260X ; 1879-2596 ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-260X ; 1879-2596 ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166219
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Article ; Online: Advancements in biosensors for cancer detection: revolutionizing diagnostics.

Mustafa, Syed Khalid / Khan, Mohd Farhan / Sagheer, Mehak / Kumar, Deepak / Pandey, Sadanand

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)

2024 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 73

Abstract: Cancer stands as the reigning champion of life-threatening diseases, casting a shadow with the highest global mortality rate. Unleashing the power of early cancer treatment is a vital weapon in the battle for efficient and positive outcomes. Yet, ... ...

Abstract	Cancer stands as the reigning champion of life-threatening diseases, casting a shadow with the highest global mortality rate. Unleashing the power of early cancer treatment is a vital weapon in the battle for efficient and positive outcomes. Yet, conventional screening procedures wield limitations of exorbitant costs, time-consuming endeavors, and impracticality for repeated testing. Enter bio-marker-based cancer diagnostics, which emerge as a formidable force in the realm of early detection, disease progression assessment, and ultimate cancer therapy. These remarkable devices boast a reputation for their exceptional sensitivity, streamlined setup requirements, and lightning fast response times. In this study, we embark on a captivating exploration of the most recent advancements and enhancements in the field of electrochemical marvels, targeting the detection of numerous cancer biomarkers. With each breakthrough, we inch closer to a future where cancer's grip on humanity weakens, guided by the promise of personalized treatment and improved patient outcomes. Together, we unravel the mysteries that cancer conceals and illuminate a path toward triumph against this daunting adversary. This study celebrates the relentless pursuit of progress, where electrochemical innovations take center stage in the quest for a world free from the clutches of carcinoma.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoma ; Disease Progression ; Biosensing Techniques
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1201189-7
ISSN	1559-131X ; 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
ISSN (online)	1559-131X
ISSN	0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
DOI	10.1007/s12032-023-02297-y
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Article: Floor of Mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as an Abscess.

Mohd Afandi, Mohd Farhan / Liew, Yew Toong

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India

2022 Volume 75, Issue 2, Page(s) 902–904

Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy encountered in oral cavity. Etiology is often multifactorial but strongly associated with chronic tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco chewing. Factors such as poor ... ...

Abstract	Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy encountered in oral cavity. Etiology is often multifactorial but strongly associated with chronic tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco chewing. Factors such as poor oral hygiene, ill-fitting dentures causing chronic mucosal irritation can also contribute to the cancer development. In recent years, studies shown association of HPV infections, especially subtypes 16 and 18 in malignant transformation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as it present may change prognosis, outcomes and management strategies from HPV-negative OSCC. OSCC have variable presentation, and most of the patients tend to seek treatment at later stage of disease. The lesion may present as leukoplakia or erythroplakia and may be ulcerated with indurated base and rolled out edges. We describe an uncommon presentation of floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma which presented as localized abscess.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-06
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1471137-0
ISSN	0973-7707 ; 2231-3796 ; 0019-5421
ISSN (online)	0973-7707
ISSN	2231-3796 ; 0019-5421
DOI	10.1007/s12070-022-03128-8
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Article ; Online: Soy Isoflavones Induce Cell Death by Copper-Mediated Mechanism

Mohd Farhan / Mohamed El Oirdi / Mohammad Aatif / Insha Nahvi / Ghazala Muteeb / Mir Waqas Alam

Molecules, Vol 28, Iss 2925, p

Understanding Its Anticancer Properties

2023 Volume 2925

Abstract: Cancer incidence varies around the globe, implying a relationship between food and cancer risk. Plant polyphenols are a class of secondary metabolites that have recently attracted attention as possible anticancer agents. The subclass of polyphenols, ... ...

Abstract	Cancer incidence varies around the globe, implying a relationship between food and cancer risk. Plant polyphenols are a class of secondary metabolites that have recently attracted attention as possible anticancer agents. The subclass of polyphenols, known as isoflavones, includes genistein and daidzein, which are present in soybeans and are regarded as potent chemopreventive agents. According to epidemiological studies, those who eat soy have a lower risk of developing certain cancers. Several mechanisms for the anticancer effects of isoflavones have been proposed, but none are conclusive. We show that isoflavones suppress prostate cancer cell growth by mobilizing endogenous copper. The copper-specific chelator neocuproine decreases the apoptotic potential of isoflavones, whereas the iron and zinc chelators desferroxamine mesylate and histidine do not, confirming the role of copper. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers reduce isoflavone-induced apoptosis in these cells, implying that ROS are cell death effectors. Our research also clearly shows that isoflavones interfere with the expression of the two copper transporter genes, CTR1 and ATP7A , in cancerous cells. Copper levels are widely known to be significantly raised in all malignancies, and we confirm that isoflavones can target endogenous copper, causing prooxidant signaling and, eventually, cell death. These results highlight the importance of copper dynamics within cancer cells and provide new insight into the potential of isoflavones as cancer-fighting nutraceuticals.
Keywords	isoflavones ; genistein ; daidzein ; copper ; anticancer ; cell death ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Editorial: Natural products in the treatment of Hyperuricemia, gout and other metabolic disorders.

Abdulhafiz, Ferid / Mohammed, Arifullah / Chiruvella, Kishore Kumar / Korivi, Mallikarjuna / Reduan, Mohd Farhan Hanif

Frontiers in pharmacology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1333257

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2023.1333257
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Article ; Online: Detection of C-Reactive Protein Using Histag-HRP Functionalized Nanoconjugate with Signal Amplified Immunoassay

Mohd Farhan Siddiqui / Zeeshan Ahmad Khan / Seungkyung Park

Nanomaterials, Vol 10, Iss 1240, p

2020 Volume 1240

Abstract: Ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers is highly significant for disease prognosis and public health treatment. Despite wide acceptance in routine laboratory tests, the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been of limited use for ... ...

Abstract	Ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers is highly significant for disease prognosis and public health treatment. Despite wide acceptance in routine laboratory tests, the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been of limited use for early biomarker detection due to insufficient sensitivity and multiple long incubation time. Several nanoprobes have been introduced to circumvent the limitation, however, rapid, simple, and chemical-free nanoprobe synthesis and sensitive detection methods, particularly for ELISA, are still lacking. In this study, we have synthesized a gold nanoprobe, conjugated with multiple 6X-histidine (6X-his) peptide and nickel-horseradish peroxidase (Ni 2+ -HRP), for enhancing the colorimetric signal in ELISA. The developed nanoprobe has been tested for the detection of immunologically significant C-reactive protein (CRP) in ELISA format. The performance of designed probe is validated by testing standard and serum samples, and the detection limit of 32.0 pg/mL with R 2 = 0.98 is confirmed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the developed nanoprobe was performed with ELISA developed on conventional guidelines, the proposed immunoassay showed an increase of 12-fold sensitivity for detecting CRP due to the high loading of 6Xhis peptide and binding of multiple Ni 2+ -HRP on a gold nanoparticle. Additionally, the proposed assay provides a simple, fast, and cost-efficient (not requiring multiple antibodies) detection of CRP with easy nanoprobe synthesis. Moreover, the developed Histag-HRP functionalized nanoconjugate immunoassay is flexible and can be applied to other biomarkers efficiently by using disease specific antibody.
Keywords	Histag-HRP nanoconjugate ; immunoassay ; C-reactive protein ; ELISA ; biosensor ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Rare Case of Oral Papillomatosis in a Goat Kid

Mohammed Naji Ahmed Odhah / Bashiru Garba / Chan Xin Wen / Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine, Vol

2022 Volume 2022

Abstract: The clinical management and outcome of a case of caprine papillomatosis in a 2-week-old kid goat was reported. Based on the PCR result, contagious ecthyma (CE) was ruled out. Based on the history and physical examination findings, the case was diagnosed ... ...

Abstract	The clinical management and outcome of a case of caprine papillomatosis in a 2-week-old kid goat was reported. Based on the PCR result, contagious ecthyma (CE) was ruled out. Based on the history and physical examination findings, the case was diagnosed as severe clinical case of papillomatosis in a goat’s kid. The treatment procedure was administrated with flunixin meglumine (5%) 1.1 mg/kg, 0.5 ml, IM, SID, 3 days, and Penstrep (procaine penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin sulphate) 2 ml and a topical preparation for 5 days to prevent secondary bacterial infection. Also, Vitavet (multivitamin–vitamins A, D3, and B12), 1 ml/10 kg, 1 ml, IM, SID, was administered for 3 days to boost the immune system.
Keywords	Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
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