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Article ; Online: Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA.

Matias, Wilfredo R / Fulcher, Isabel R / Sauer, Sara M / Nolan, Cody P / Guillaume, Yodeline / Zhu, Jack / Molano, Francisco J / Uceta, Elizabeth / Collins, Shannon / Slater, Damien M / Sánchez, Vanessa M / Moheed, Serina / Harris, Jason B / Charles, Richelle C / Paxton, Ryan M / Gonsalves, Sean F / Franke, Molly F / Ivers, Louise C

Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 110–120

Abstract: Objectives: Uncovering and addressing disparities in infectious disease outbreaks require a rapid, methodical understanding of local epidemiology. We conducted a seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Holyoke, Massachusetts, a majority Hispanic ...

Abstract	Objectives: Uncovering and addressing disparities in infectious disease outbreaks require a rapid, methodical understanding of local epidemiology. We conducted a seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Holyoke, Massachusetts, a majority Hispanic city with high levels of socio-economic disadvantage to estimate seroprevalence and identify disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We invited 2000 randomly sampled households between 11/5/2020 and 12/31/2020 to complete questionnaires and provide dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We calculated seroprevalence based on the presence of IgG antibodies using a weighted Bayesian procedure that incorporated uncertainty in antibody test sensitivity and specificity and accounted for household clustering. Results: Two hundred eighty households including 472 individuals were enrolled. Three hundred twenty-eight individuals underwent antibody testing. Citywide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 13.1% (95% CI 6.9-22.3) compared to 9.8% of the population infected based on publicly reported cases. Seroprevalence was 16.1% (95% CI 6.2-31.8) among Hispanic individuals compared to 9.4% (95% CI 4.6-16.4) among non-Hispanic white individuals. Seroprevalence was higher among Spanish-speaking households (21.9%; 95% CI 8.3-43.9) compared to English-speaking households (10.2%; 95% CI 5.2-18.0) and among individuals in high social vulnerability index (SVI) areas based on the CDC SVI (14.4%; 95% CI 7.1-25.5) compared to low SVI areas (8.2%; 95% CI 3.1-16.9). Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in a city with high levels of social vulnerability was 13.1% during the pre-vaccination period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hispanic individuals and individuals in communities characterized by high SVI were at the highest risk of infection. Public health interventions should be designed to ensure that individuals in high social vulnerability communities have access to the tools to combat COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ethnicity ; COVID-19 ; Bayes Theorem ; Pandemics ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Social Vulnerability ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Language ; Massachusetts/epidemiology ; Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2760524-3
ISSN	2196-8837 ; 2197-3792
ISSN (online)	2196-8837
ISSN	2197-3792
DOI	10.1007/s40615-022-01502-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Effect of Vaccine Type and SARS-CoV-2 Lineage on Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Serologic and Pseudotype Neutralization Assays in mRNA Vaccine Recipients.

Tolan, Nicole V / Sherman, Amy C / Zhou, Guohai / Nabel, Katherine G / Desjardins, Michaël / Melanson, Stacy / Kanjilal, Sanjat / Moheed, Serina / Kupelian, John / Kaufman, Richard M / Ryan, Edward T / LaRocque, Regina C / Branda, John A / Dighe, Anand S / Abraham, Jonathan / Baden, Lindsey R / Charles, Richelle C / Turbett, Sarah E

Microbiology spectrum

2022 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) e0021122

Abstract: The use of anti-spike (S) serologic assays as surrogate measurements of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced immunity will be an important clinical and epidemiological tool. The characteristics of a commercially available anti-S antibody assay (Roche Elecsys anti- ... ...

Abstract	The use of anti-spike (S) serologic assays as surrogate measurements of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced immunity will be an important clinical and epidemiological tool. The characteristics of a commercially available anti-S antibody assay (Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S) were evaluated in a cohort of vaccine recipients. Levels were correlated with pseudotype neutralizing antibodies (NAb) across SARS-CoV-2 variants. We recruited adults receiving a two-dose series of mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 and collected serum at scheduled intervals up to 8 months post-first vaccination. Anti-S and NAb levels were measured, and correlation was evaluated by (i) vaccine type and (ii) SARS-CoV-2 variant (wild-type, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and three constructs Day 146, Day 152, and RBM-2). Forty-six mRNA vaccine recipients were enrolled. mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients had higher peak anti-S and NAb levels compared with BNT162b2 (
MeSH term(s)	2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 ; Adult ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; mRNA Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; mRNA Vaccines ; 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 (EPK39PL4R4) ; BNT162 Vaccine (N38TVC63NU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.00211-22
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Juba, South Sudan: a population-based study.

Wiens, Kirsten E / Mawien, Pinyi Nyimol / Rumunu, John / Slater, Damien / Jones, Forrest K / Moheed, Serina / Caflish, Andrea / Bior, Bior K / Jacob, Iboyi Amanya / Lako, Richard Lino Loro / Guyo, Argata Guracha / Olu, Olushayo Oluseun / Maleghemi, Sylvester / Baguma, Andrew / Hassen, Juma John / Baya, Sheila K / Deng, Lul / Lessler, Justin / Demby, Maya N /

Sanchez, Vanessa / Mills, Rachel / Fraser, Clare / Charles, Richelle C / Harris, Jason B / Azman, Andrew S / Wamala, Joseph F

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2021

Abstract: Background: Relatively few COVID-19 cases and deaths have been reported through much of sub-Saharan Africa, including South Sudan, although the extent of SARS-CoV-2 spread remains unclear due to weak surveillance systems and few population- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Relatively few COVID-19 cases and deaths have been reported through much of sub-Saharan Africa, including South Sudan, although the extent of SARS-CoV-2 spread remains unclear due to weak surveillance systems and few population-representative serosurveys. Methods: We conducted a representative household-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Juba, South Sudan. We quantified IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain and estimated seroprevalence using a Bayesian regression model accounting for test performance. Results: We recruited 2,214 participants from August 10 to September 11, 2020 and 22.3% had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers above levels in pre-pandemic samples. After accounting for waning antibody levels, age, and sex, we estimated that 38.5% (32.1 - 46.8) of the population had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. For each RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 case, 104 (87-126) infections were unreported. Background antibody reactivity was higher in pre-pandemic samples from Juba compared to Boston, where the serological test was validated. The estimated proportion of the population infected ranged from 30.1% to 60.6% depending on assumptions about test performance and prevalence of clinically severe infections. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 has spread extensively within Juba. Validation of serological tests in sub-Saharan African populations is critical to improve our ability to use serosurveillance to understand and mitigate transmission.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2021.03.08.21253009
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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG in Juba, South Sudan, 2020

Wiens, Kirsten E / Mawien, Pinyi Nyimol / Rumunu, John / Slater, Damien / Jones, Forrest K / Moheed, Serina / Caflisch, Andrea / Bior, Bior K / Jacob, Iboyi Amanya / Lako, Richard Lino / Guyo, Argata Guracha / Olu, Olushayo Oluseun / Maleghemi, Sylvester / Baguma, Andrew / Hassen, Juma John / Baya, Sheila K / Deng, Lul / Lessler, Justin / Demby, Maya N /

Sanchez, Vanessa / Mills, Rachel / Fraser, Clare / Charles, Richelle C / Harris, Jason B / Azman, Andrew S / Wamala, Joseph F

Emerging infectious diseases

2021 Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 1598–1606

Abstract: Relatively few coronavirus disease cases and deaths have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa, although the extent of its spread remains unclear. During August 10-September 11, 2020, we recruited 2,214 participants for a representative household-based ... ...

Abstract	Relatively few coronavirus disease cases and deaths have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa, although the extent of its spread remains unclear. During August 10-September 11, 2020, we recruited 2,214 participants for a representative household-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Juba, South Sudan. We found 22.3% of participants had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain IgG titers above prepandemic levels. After accounting for waning antibody levels, age, and sex, we estimated that 38.3% (95% credible interval 31.8%-46.5%) of the population had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. At this rate, for each PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection reported by the Ministry of Health, 103 (95% credible interval 86-126) infections would have been unreported, meaning SARS-CoV-2 has likely spread extensively within Juba. We also found differences in background reactivity in Juba compared with Boston, Massachusetts, USA, where the immunoassay was validated. Our findings underscore the need to validate serologic tests in sub-Saharan Africa populations.
MeSH term(s)	Africa South of the Sahara ; Antibodies, Viral ; Boston ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Massachusetts ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; South Sudan
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2706.210568
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Article ; Online: Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 exposure: evidence from a citywide seroprevalence study in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA

Matias, Wilfredo Rafael / Fulcher, Isabel R / Sauer, Sara M / Nolan, Cody P / Guillaume, Yodeline / Zhu, Jack / Molano, Francisco J / Uceta, Elizabeth / Collins, Shannon / Slater, Damien M / Sanchez, Vanessa M / Moheed, Serina / Harris, Jason B / Charles, Richelle C / Paxton, Ryan M / Gonsalves, Sean F / Franke, Molly F / Ivers, Louise C

medRxiv

Abstract: Background: Seroprevalence studies are important tools to estimate the prevalence of prior or recent SARS-CoV-2 infections, identifying hotspots and high-risk groups and informing public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a city- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Seroprevalence studies are important tools to estimate the prevalence of prior or recent SARS-CoV-2 infections, identifying hotspots and high-risk groups and informing public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a city-level seroprevalence study in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and risk factors for seropositivity. Methods: We invited inhabitants of 2,000 randomly sampled addresses between November 5 and December 31, 2020. Participants completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographic and health characteristics, and COVID-19 exposure history, and provided dried blood spots for measurement of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies. We calculate total and subgroup seroprevalence estimates based on presence of IgG antibodies using a Bayesian procedure that incorporates uncertainty in antibody test sensitivity and specificity. We account for clustering by household and weighting based on demographic characteristics to ensure estimates represented the citys population. Findings: We enrolled 280 households including 472 individuals. 328 underwent antibody testing. The citywide seroprevalence estimate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 13.1% (95%CI 6.9-22.3) compared to 9.8% based on publicly reported case counts. Seroprevalence was 16.1% (95%CI 6.2-31.8) among individuals identifying as Hispanic compared to 9.4% (95%CI 4.6-16.4) among those identifying as non-Hispanic white. Seroprevalence was higher among Spanish speaking households (21.9%; 95% CI 8.3-43.9) compared to English speaking households (10.2%; 95% CI 5.2-18.0) and among individuals living in high vulnerability areas (14.4%; 95% CI 7.1-25.5) compared to low vulnerability areas (8.2%; 95% CI 3.1-16.9). Interpretation: The measured SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of IgG antibodies in Holyoke was only 13.1% during the second surge of SARS-CoV-2 in this region, far from accepted thresholds for herd immunity. Already vulnerable communities were at highest risk of prior infection. Implementation of local serosurveys in tandem with proactive public health interventions that address disparities in SARS-CoV-2 exposure are crucial to ensure at-risk communities have appropriate educational materials and access to vaccines, testing, and timely treatment.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-14
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.10.13.21264975
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 exposure: evidence from a citywide seroprevalence study in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA

Matias, Wilfredo R. / Fulcher, Isabel R. / Sauer, Sara M. / Nolan, Cody P. / Guillaume, Yodeline / Zhu, Jack / Molano, Francisco J. / Uceta, Elizabeth / Collins, Shannon / Slater, Damien M. / Sánchez, Vanessa M. / Moheed, Serina / Harris, Jason B. / Charles, Richelle C. / Paxton, Ryan M. / Gonsalves, Sean F. / Franke, Molly F. / Ivers, Louise C.

medRxiv

Abstract	Background: Seroprevalence studies are important tools to estimate the prevalence of prior or recent SARS-CoV-2 infections, identifying hotspots and high-risk groups and informing public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a city-level seroprevalence study in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and risk factors for seropositivity. Methods: We invited inhabitants of 2,000 randomly sampled addresses between November 5 and December 31, 2020. Participants completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographic and health characteristics, and COVID-19 exposure history, and provided dried blood spots for measurement of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies. We calculate total and subgroup seroprevalence estimates based on presence of IgG antibodies using a Bayesian procedure that incorporates uncertainty in antibody test sensitivity and specificity. We account for clustering by household and weighting based on demographic characteristics to ensure estimates represented the citys population. Findings: We enrolled 280 households including 472 individuals. 328 underwent antibody testing. The citywide seroprevalence estimate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 13.1% (95%CI 6.9-22.3) compared to 9.8% based on publicly reported case counts. Seroprevalence was 16.1% (95%CI 6.2-31.8) among individuals identifying as Hispanic compared to 9.4% (95%CI 4.6-16.4) among those identifying as non-Hispanic white. Seroprevalence was higher among Spanish speaking households (21.9%; 95% CI 8.3-43.9) compared to English speaking households (10.2%; 95% CI 5.2-18.0) and among individuals living in high vulnerability areas (14.4%; 95% CI 7.1-25.5) compared to low vulnerability areas (8.2%; 95% CI 3.1-16.9). Interpretation: The measured SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of IgG antibodies in Holyoke was only 13.1% during the second surge of SARS-CoV-2 in this region, far from accepted thresholds for herd immunity. Already vulnerable communities were at highest risk of prior infection. Implementation of local serosurveys in tandem with proactive public health interventions that address disparities in SARS-CoV-2 exposure are crucial to ensure at-risk communities have appropriate educational materials and access to vaccines, testing, and timely treatment.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-14
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.10.13.21264975
Database	COVID19

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Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Juba, South Sudan: a population-based study

Wiens, Kirsten E. / Nyimol Mawien, Pinyi / Rumunu, John / Slater, Damien / Jones, Forrest K. / Moheed, Serina / Caflish, Andrea / Bior, Bior K. / Amanaya Iboyi, Jacob / Lino Loro Lako, Richard / Guracha Guyo, Argata / Oluseun Olu, Olushayo / Maleghemi, Sylvester / Baguma, Andrew / John Hassen, Juma / Baya, Sheila K. / Deng, Lul / Lessler, Justin / Demby, Maya N. /

Sanchez, Vanessa / Mills, Rachel / Fraser, Clare / Charles, Richelle C. / Harris, Jason B. / Azman, Andrew S. / Wamala, Joseph F.

medRxiv

Abstract	Background: Relatively few COVID-19 cases and deaths have been reported through much of sub-Saharan Africa, including South Sudan, although the extent of SARS-CoV-2 spread remains unclear due to weak surveillance systems and few population-representative serosurveys. Methods: We conducted a representative household-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Juba, South Sudan. We quantified IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain and estimated seroprevalence using a Bayesian regression model accounting for test performance. Results: We recruited 2,214 participants from August 10 to September 11, 2020 and 22.3% had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers above levels in pre-pandemic samples. After accounting for waning antibody levels, age, and sex, we estimated that 38.5% (32.1 - 46.8) of the population had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. For each RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 case, 104 (87-126) infections were unreported. Background antibody reactivity was higher in pre-pandemic samples from Juba compared to Boston, where the serological test was validated. The estimated proportion of the population infected ranged from 30.1% to 60.6% depending on assumptions about test performance and prevalence of clinically severe infections. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 has spread extensively within Juba. Validation of serological tests in sub-Saharan African populations is critical to improve our ability to use serosurveillance to understand and mitigate transmission.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.03.08.21253009
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA.

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Article ; Online: The Effect of Vaccine Type and SARS-CoV-2 Lineage on Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Serologic and Pseudotype Neutralization Assays in mRNA Vaccine Recipients.

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Article: Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Juba, South Sudan: a population-based study.

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG in Juba, South Sudan, 2020

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Article ; Online: Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 exposure: evidence from a citywide seroprevalence study in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA

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Article ; Online: Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 exposure: evidence from a citywide seroprevalence study in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA

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Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Juba, South Sudan: a population-based study

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Inter-library loan at ZB MED