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Article ; Online: Effects of homicide timing on test scores: Quasi-experimental evidence from two cities in Colombia.

Cristancho, Juan C / Bailey, Drew H / Duncan, Greg J / Molano, Andres / Harker, Arturo / Norza, Ervyn

2023

Abstract: This study examines the effect of homicides around schools on the standardized test scores of fifth and ninth graders (N = 4729; ... ...

Abstract	This study examines the effect of homicides around schools on the standardized test scores of fifth and ninth graders (N = 4729; M
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	215602-7
ISSN	1467-8624 ; 0009-3920
ISSN (online)	1467-8624
ISSN	0009-3920
DOI	10.1111/cdev.14056
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Article ; Online: College integration and social class.

Álvarez-Rivadulla, María José / Jaramillo, Ana María / Fajardo, Felipe / Cely, Laura / Molano, Andrés / Montes, Felipe

Higher education

2022 Volume 84, Issue 3, Page(s) 647–669

Abstract: What is the impact of social class on college integration? Higher education institutions are becoming more diverse, yet the integration of underprivileged students remains a challenge. Using a social network approach, we analyze the general integration ... ...

Abstract	What is the impact of social class on college integration? Higher education institutions are becoming more diverse, yet the integration of underprivileged students remains a challenge. Using a social network approach, we analyze the general integration of low socioeconomic status (SES) students, as well as how segregated by class these friends are. The object of analysis is the extreme case of an elite university that, based on a government loan program (Ser Pilo Paga), opened its doors to many low-SES students in a very unequal country, Colombia. Using a mixed methods perspective, including a survey, 61 in depth interviews, and ethnographic observation, we analyze friendship networks and their meanings, barriers, and facilitators. Contrary to the literature, we find that low-SES students had, on average, the same number of connections and were no more isolated than students from upper social classes. Also, low-SES students' networks were not more segregated, even if relations with the upper classes were less likely and required more relational work than with middle or lower class friends. This high level of social integration stemmed from the intense relational work that low-SES students engage in, so as to fit in. Middle class friends act as a catalyst that can enable cross-class friendships.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2015566-9
ISSN	1573-174X ; 0018-1560
ISSN (online)	1573-174X
ISSN	0018-1560
DOI	10.1007/s10734-021-00793-6
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Article: Social centrality and aggressive behavior in the elementary school: Gender segregation, social structure, and psychological factors.

Molano, Andres / Jones, Stephanie M

Social development (Oxford, England)

2017 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 415–430

Abstract: In this paper, we build on key findings in the sociological literature regarding different patterns of association between social centrality and overt aggressive behavior in the context of same-and-cross gender social interactions. We explore these ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we build on key findings in the sociological literature regarding different patterns of association between social centrality and overt aggressive behavior in the context of same-and-cross gender social interactions. We explore these associations in a population of urban elementary school students (
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001609-8
ISSN	1467-9507 ; 0961-205X
ISSN (online)	1467-9507
ISSN	0961-205X
DOI	10.1111/sode.12267
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Article ; Online: Effects of Indirect Exposure to Homicide Events on Children's Mental Health: Evidence from Urban Settings in Colombia.

Molano, Andres / Harker, Arturo / Cristancho, Juan Camilo

Journal of youth and adolescence

2018 Volume 47, Issue 10, Page(s) 2060–2072

Abstract: Exposure to neighborhood violence is an important risk factor for the social and emotional development of children and youth. Previous work recognizes that violence may affect children indirectly via secondhand exposure; yet, few studies have aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to neighborhood violence is an important risk factor for the social and emotional development of children and youth. Previous work recognizes that violence may affect children indirectly via secondhand exposure; yet, few studies have aimed to identify and quantify these effects, especially in settings like Colombia where youth is chronically exposed to violence. To address this gap in the literature, this article implements an empirical strategy where geographically specific and time-stamped data are leveraged to identify the effect of indirect exposure to homicides on fifth grade children's social and emotional outcomes. Sample participants (N = 5801) represent the fifth-grade population of boys and girls (50.7%) in two major urban areas in the country (Mage = 11.01, SD = 0.75). We hypothesize that the effects of exposure to neighborhood violence on children's social and emotional skills will be consistent and negative. The findings indicate a consistent negative effect of indirect exposure to homicides on children's emotional functioning (i.e., emotional regulation and empathy), as well as on the prevalence of avoidance behaviors. However, contrary to theoretical expectations, the results do not support effects on children's levels of aggressive behavior, nor on the beliefs and attitudes that justify the use of aggression in interpersonal relationships. The findings are discussed in light of predictions from social cognitive models and their implications for developmentally and trauma-informed interventions for youth.
MeSH term(s)	Aggression/psychology ; Child ; Child Development ; Colombia/epidemiology ; Emotions ; Empathy ; Female ; Homicide/psychology ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Mental Health/statistics & numerical data ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/epidemiology ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/etiology ; Prevalence ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Social Environment ; Social Skills ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data ; Violence/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	186743-x
ISSN	1573-6601 ; 0047-2891
ISSN (online)	1573-6601
ISSN	0047-2891
DOI	10.1007/s10964-018-0876-8
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Article ; Online: Robotic right colectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis: experience with 52 consecutive cases.

Lujan, Henry J / Molano, Andres / Burgos, Alfredo / Rivera, Brian / Plasencia, Gustavo

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A

2015 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 117–122

Abstract: Background: In laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LRC), extracorporeal or intracorporeal (ICA) anastomosis can be performed. Several authors have suggested advantages to ICA. This study reports our transition to and our experience with robotic right ... ...

Abstract	Background: In laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LRC), extracorporeal or intracorporeal (ICA) anastomosis can be performed. Several authors have suggested advantages to ICA. This study reports our transition to and our experience with robotic right colectomy (RRC) with ICA. Materials and methods: From June 2009 to September 2012 we performed 58 consecutive RRCs, of which 52 were with ICA. Data were prospectively stored and retrospectively reviewed. Results: Twenty-eight female and 30 male patients with a mean age of 71.6 ± 8.3 years (range, 52-89 years) were studied. Indications for surgery included adenocarcinoma (n=30), adenoma (n=20), diverticulitis (n=1), and Crohn's disease (n=1). For RRC with ICA (n=52), mean operative time (OT) was 193.2 ± 42.2 minutes (range, 123-239 minutes). Mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 47.8 ± 59.5 mL (range, 5-300 mL). Mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 3.7 ± 3.2 days (range, 1-21 days). Mean extraction-site incision size was 4.61 ± 0.78 cm (range, 2.5-6.5 cm). Mean lymph node harvest was 20.7 ± 8.2 (range, 6-40). Mean specimen length was 18.9 ± 7.2 cm (range 10-37). No intraoperative complications, conversions, or 30-day mortality occurred. Nine postoperative complications (19.1%) occurred, with one anastomotic leak (1.7%). For LRC with ICA as reported in the literature, OT ranges from 136 to 190 minutes, EBL ranges from 0 to 500 mL, median LOS ranges from 3 to 5 days, complication rates range from 6% to 15%, with ileus <22%, and conversion rates are <5%. Conclusions: RRC with ICA is safe and feasible. OTs and outcomes compare favorably with those published in the literature for LRC with ICA. The robot may facilitate transition to ICA, and if future studies confirm advantages of ICA, the role of RRC may gain importance.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/surgery ; Adenoma ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical/methods ; Anastomotic Leak ; Cohort Studies ; Colectomy/methods ; Colitis/surgery ; Colon/surgery ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Crohn Disease/surgery ; Diverticulitis, Colonic/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2608063-1
ISSN	1557-9034 ; 1092-6429
ISSN (online)	1557-9034
ISSN	1092-6429
DOI	10.1089/lap.2014.0199
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Article ; Online: Advantages of Robotic Right Colectomy With Intracorporeal Anastomosis.

Lujan, Henry J / Plasencia, Gustavo / Rivera, Brian X / Molano, Andres / Fagenson, Alex / Jane, Louis A / Holguin, Diego

Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques

2017 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 36–41

Abstract: Through retrospective review of consecutive charts, we compare the short-term and long-term clinical outcomes after robotic-assisted right colectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis (RIA) (n=89) and laparoscopic right colectomy with extracorporeal ... ...

Abstract	Through retrospective review of consecutive charts, we compare the short-term and long-term clinical outcomes after robotic-assisted right colectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis (RIA) (n=89) and laparoscopic right colectomy with extracorporeal anastomosis (LEA) (n=135). Cohorts were similar in demographic characteristics, comorbidities, pathology, and perioperative outcomes (conversion, days to flatus and bowel movement, and length of hospitalization). The RIA cohort experienced statistically significant: less blood loss, shorter incision lengths, and longer specimen lengths than the LEA cohort. Operative times were significantly longer for the RIA group. No incisional hernias occurred in the RIA group, whereas the LEA group had 5 incisional hernias; mean follow-up was 33 and 30 months, respectively. RIA is effective and safe and provides some clinical advantages. Future studies may show that, in obese and other technically challenging patients, RIA facilitates resection of a longer, consistent specimen with less mesentery trauma that can be extracted through smaller incisions.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical/methods ; Cohort Studies ; Colectomy/adverse effects ; Colectomy/methods ; Colon, Ascending/pathology ; Colon, Ascending/surgery ; Colonic Neoplasms/mortality ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/adverse effects ; Laparoscopy/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications/surgery ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1475108-2
ISSN	1534-4908 ; 1530-4515 ; 1051-7200
ISSN (online)	1534-4908
ISSN	1530-4515 ; 1051-7200
DOI	10.1097/SLE.0000000000000384
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Article ; Online: Classrooms in Peace Within Violent Contexts: Field Evaluation of Aulas en Paz in Colombia.

Chaux, Enrique / Barrera, Madeleine / Molano, Andrés / Velásquez, Ana María / Castellanos, Melisa / Chaparro, Maria Paula / Bustamante, Andrea

Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research

2017 Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) 828–838

Abstract: Classrooms in Peace (Aulas en Paz) is an elementary school-based multicomponent program for prevention of aggression and promotion of peaceful relationships. Inspired by international programs and socio-emotional research, it includes (1) a classroom ... ...

Abstract	Classrooms in Peace (Aulas en Paz) is an elementary school-based multicomponent program for prevention of aggression and promotion of peaceful relationships. Inspired by international programs and socio-emotional research, it includes (1) a classroom universal curriculum, (2) parent workshops and home visits to parents of the 10% most aggressive children, and (3) extracurricular peer groups of two aggressive and four prosocial children. Activities seek to promote socio-emotional competencies such as empathy, anger management, creative generation of alternatives, and assertiveness. A 2-year quasi-experimental evaluation was conducted with 1154 students from 55 classrooms of seven public schools located in neighborhoods with the presence of youth gangs, drug cartels, and high levels of community violence in two Colombian cities. Despite several implementation (e.g., about half of the activities were not implemented) and evaluation (e.g., randomization problems, large number of missing data, and changes between treatment and control groups) challenges, positive results were found in prosocial behavior and in reduction of aggressive behavior, according to teacher reports, and in assertiveness and reduction of verbal victimization, according to student reports. Furthermore, implementation cost (25 US dollars per student per year) was very low compared to other programs in developed countries. This study shows that the Classrooms in Peace program has an important potential to generate positive results and highlights the challenges of implementing and evaluating prevention programs in highly violent environments.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Colombia ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Peer Group ; Schools ; Violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2251270-6
ISSN	1573-6695 ; 1389-4986
ISSN (online)	1573-6695
ISSN	1389-4986
DOI	10.1007/s11121-017-0754-8
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Article ; Online: Socio-economic, socio-political and socio-emotional variables explaining school bullying: a country-wide multilevel analysis.

Chaux, Enrique / Molano, Andrés / Podlesky, Paola

Aggressive behavior

2009 Volume 35, Issue 6, Page(s) 520–529

Abstract: Why do some countries, regions and schools have more bullying than others? What socio-economic, socio-political and other larger contextual factors predict school bullying? These open questions inspired this study with 53.316 5th- and 9th-grade students ( ...

Abstract	Why do some countries, regions and schools have more bullying than others? What socio-economic, socio-political and other larger contextual factors predict school bullying? These open questions inspired this study with 53.316 5th- and 9th-grade students (5% of the national student population in these grades), from 1,000 schools in Colombia. Students completed a national test of citizenship competencies, which included questions about bullying and about families, neighborhoods and their own socio-emotional competencies. We combined these data with community violence and socio-economic conditions of all Colombian municipalities, which allowed us to conduct multilevel analyses to identify municipality- and school-level variables predicting school bullying. Most variance was found at the school level. Higher levels of school bullying were related to more males in the schools, lower levels of empathy, more authoritarian and violent families, higher levels of community violence, better socio-economic conditions, hostile attributional biases and more beliefs supporting aggression. These results might reflect student, classroom and school contributions because student-level variables were aggregated at the school level. Although in small portions, violence from the decades-old-armed conflict among guerrillas, paramilitaries and governmental forces predicted school bullying at the municipal level for 5th graders. For 9th graders, inequality in land ownership predicted school bullying. Neither poverty, nor population density or homicide rates contributed to explaining bullying. These results may help us advance toward understanding how the larger context relates to school bullying, and what socio-emotional competencies may help us prevent the negative effects of a violent and unequal environment.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Aggression/psychology ; Child ; Child Behavior/psychology ; Colombia ; Dominance-Subordination ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Social Control, Informal ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Students/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189812-7
ISSN	1098-2337 ; 0096-140X
ISSN (online)	1098-2337
ISSN	0096-140X
DOI	10.1002/ab.20320
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