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  1. Article ; Online: ChemVassa: A New Method for Identifying Small Molecule Hits in Drug Discovery.

    Moldover, Brian / Solidar, Ada / Montgomery, Christa / Miziorko, Henry / Murphy, Jeff / Wyckoff, Gerald J

    The open medicinal chemistry journal

    2012  Volume 6, Page(s) 29–34

    Abstract: ChemVassa, a new chemical structure search technology, was developed to allow rapid in silico screening of compounds for hit and hit-to-lead identification in drug development. It functions by using a novel type of molecular descriptor that examines, in ... ...

    Abstract ChemVassa, a new chemical structure search technology, was developed to allow rapid in silico screening of compounds for hit and hit-to-lead identification in drug development. It functions by using a novel type of molecular descriptor that examines, in part, the structure of the small molecule undergoing analysis, yielding its "information signature." This descriptor takes into account the atoms, bonds, and their positions in 3-dimensional space. For the present study, a database of ChemVassa molecular descriptors was generated for nearly 16 million compounds (from the ZINC database and other compound sources), then an algorithm was developed that allows rapid similarity searching of the database using a query molecular descriptor (e.g., the signature of atorvastatin, below). A scoring metric then allowed ranking of the search results. We used these tools to search a subset of drug-like molecules using the signature of a commercially successful statin, atorvastatin (Lipitor™). The search identified ten novel compounds, two of which have been demonstrated to interact with HMG-CoA reductase, the macromolecular target of atorvastatin. In particular, one compound discussed in the results section tested successfully with an IC50 of less than 100uM and a completely novel structure relative to known inhibitors. Interactions were validated using computational molecular docking and an Hmg-CoA reductase activity assay. The rapidity and low cost of the methodology, and the novel structure of the interactors, suggests this is a highly favorable new method for hit generation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-11-30
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2395968-X
    ISSN 1874-1045 ; 1874-1045
    ISSN (online) 1874-1045
    ISSN 1874-1045
    DOI 10.2174/1874104501206010029
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: HIV-1 Promoter Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Are Associated with Clinical Disease Severity.

    Nonnemacher, Michael R / Pirrone, Vanessa / Feng, Rui / Moldover, Brian / Passic, Shendra / Aiamkitsumrit, Benjamas / Dampier, Will / Wojno, Adam / Kilareski, Evelyn / Blakey, Brandon / Ku, Tse-Sheun Jade / Shah, Sonia / Sullivan, Neil T / Jacobson, Jeffrey M / Wigdahl, Brian

    PloS one

    2016  Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) e0150835

    Abstract: The large majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) markers of disease progression/severity previously identified have been associated with alterations in host genetic and immune responses, with few studies focused on viral genetic markers ... ...

    Abstract The large majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) markers of disease progression/severity previously identified have been associated with alterations in host genetic and immune responses, with few studies focused on viral genetic markers correlate with changes in disease severity. This study presents a cross-sectional/longitudinal study of HIV-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contained within the viral promoter or long terminal repeat (LTR) in patients within the Drexel Medicine CNS AIDS Research and Eradication Study (CARES) Cohort. HIV-1 LTR SNPs were found to associate with the classical clinical disease parameters CD4+ T-cell count and log viral load. They were found in both defined and undefined transcription factor binding sites of the LTR. A novel SNP identified at position 108 in a known COUP (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter)/AP1 transcription factor binding site was significantly correlated with binding phenotypes that are potentially the underlying cause of the associated clinical outcome (increase in viral load and decrease in CD4+ T-cell count).
    MeSH term(s) Binding Sites/genetics ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Genetic Association Studies/methods ; HIV Infections/metabolism ; HIV Infections/pathology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat/genetics ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Viral Load/genetics
    Chemical Substances Transcription Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150835
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Defining differential genetic signatures in CXCR4- and the CCR5-utilizing HIV-1 co-linear sequences.

    Aiamkitsumrit, Benjamas / Dampier, Will / Martin-Garcia, Julio / Nonnemacher, Michael R / Pirrone, Vanessa / Ivanova, Tatyana / Zhong, Wen / Kilareski, Evelyn / Aldigun, Hazeez / Frantz, Brian / Rimbey, Matthew / Wojno, Adam / Passic, Shendra / Williams, Jean W / Shah, Sonia / Blakey, Brandon / Parikh, Nirzari / Jacobson, Jeffrey M / Moldover, Brian /
    Wigdahl, Brian

    PloS one

    2014  Volume 9, Issue 9, Page(s) e107389

    Abstract: The adaptation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) to an array of physiologic niches is advantaged by the plasticity of the viral genome, encoded proteins, and promoter. CXCR4-utilizing (X4) viruses preferentially, but not universally, infect ... ...

    Abstract The adaptation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) to an array of physiologic niches is advantaged by the plasticity of the viral genome, encoded proteins, and promoter. CXCR4-utilizing (X4) viruses preferentially, but not universally, infect CD4+ T cells, generating high levels of virus within activated HIV-1-infected T cells that can be detected in regional lymph nodes and peripheral blood. By comparison, the CCR5-utilizing (R5) viruses have a greater preference for cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage; however, while R5 viruses also display a propensity to enter and replicate in T cells, they infect a smaller percentage of CD4+ T cells in comparison to X4 viruses. Additionally, R5 viruses have been associated with viral transmission and CNS disease and are also more prevalent during HIV-1 disease. Specific adaptive changes associated with X4 and R5 viruses were identified in co-linear viral sequences beyond the Env-V3. The in silico position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) algorithm was used to define distinct groups of X4 and R5 sequences based solely on sequences in Env-V3. Bioinformatic tools were used to identify genetic signatures involving specific protein domains or long terminal repeat (LTR) transcription factor sites within co-linear viral protein R (Vpr), trans-activator of transcription (Tat), or LTR sequences that were preferentially associated with X4 or R5 Env-V3 sequences. A number of differential amino acid and nucleotide changes were identified across the co-linear Vpr, Tat, and LTR sequences, suggesting the presence of specific genetic signatures that preferentially associate with X4 or R5 viruses. Investigation of the genetic relatedness between X4 and R5 viruses utilizing phylogenetic analyses of complete sequences could not be used to definitively and uniquely identify groups of R5 or X4 sequences; in contrast, differences in the genetic diversities between X4 and R5 were readily identified within these co-linear sequences in HIV-1-infected patients.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Cell Line ; Genes, Viral ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/metabolism ; Humans ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
    Chemical Substances CCR5 protein, human ; CXCR4 protein, human ; Receptors, CCR5 ; Receptors, CXCR4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0107389
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Development of co-selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in the viral promoter precedes the onset of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated neurocognitive impairment.

    Li, Luna / Aiamkitsumrit, Benjamas / Pirrone, Vanessa / Nonnemacher, Michael R / Wojno, Adam / Passic, Shendra / Flaig, Katherine / Kilareski, Evelyn / Blakey, Brandon / Ku, Jade / Parikh, Nirzari / Shah, Rushabh / Martin-Garcia, Julio / Moldover, Brian / Servance, Laila / Downie, David / Lewis, Sharon / Jacobson, Jeffrey M / Kolson, Dennis /
    Wigdahl, Brian

    Journal of neurovirology

    2011  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 92–109

    Abstract: The long terminal repeat (LTR) regulates gene expression of HIV-1 by interacting with multiple host and viral factors. Cross-sectional studies in the pre-HAART era demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in peripheral blood-derived LTRs ( ...

    Abstract The long terminal repeat (LTR) regulates gene expression of HIV-1 by interacting with multiple host and viral factors. Cross-sectional studies in the pre-HAART era demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in peripheral blood-derived LTRs (a C-to-T change at position 3 of C/EBP site I (3T) and at position 5 of Sp site III (5T)) increased in frequency as disease severity increased. Additionally, the 3T variant correlated with HIV-1-associated dementia. LTR sequences derived by longitudinal sampling of peripheral blood from a single patient in the DrexelMed HIV/AIDS Genetic Analysis Cohort resulted in the detection of the 3T and 5T co-selected SNPs before the onset of neurologic impairment, demonstrating that these SNPs may be useful in predicting HIV-associated neurological complications. The relative fitness of the LTRs containing the 3T and/or 5T co-selected SNPs as they evolve in their native patient-derived LTR backbone structure demonstrated a spectrum of basal and Tat-mediated transcriptional activities using the IIIB-derived Tat and colinear Tat derived from the same molecular clone containing the 3T/5T LTR SNP. In silico predictions utilizing colinear envelope sequence suggested that the patient's virus evolved from an X4 to an R5 swarm prior to the development of neurological complications and more advanced HIV disease. These results suggest that the HIV-1 genomic swarm may evolve during the course of disease in response to selective pressures that lead to changes in prevalence of specific polymorphisms in the LTR, env, and/or tat that could predict the onset of neurological disease and result in alterations in viral function.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS Dementia Complex/virology ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/pathogenicity ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Virus Replication ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1283265-0
    ISSN 1538-2443 ; 1355-0284
    ISSN (online) 1538-2443
    ISSN 1355-0284
    DOI 10.1007/s13365-010-0014-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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