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  1. Article ; Online: Translating the nuanced risk for substance use among adolescents treated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into clinical practice: a commentary on McCabe et al. (2023).

    Kennedy, Traci M / Molina, Brooke S G

    Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines

    2023  Volume 65, Issue 1, Page(s) 112–115

    Abstract: In their recent examination of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) data, McCabe et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) address the complex, longstanding, and clinically valuable questions of whether and how stimulant medication treatment ... ...

    Abstract In their recent examination of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) data, McCabe et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) address the complex, longstanding, and clinically valuable questions of whether and how stimulant medication treatment for adolescents with ADHD relates to their risk for substance use. Here, we expand on the authors' interpretations of their nuanced findings of increased risk for illicit stimulant use and non-prescribed stimulant medication use for youth with later age of medication treatment initiation and shorter treatment duration. We particularly focus on highlighting tangible clinical implications, and we recommend ways future research can build on the authors' findings to further clarify this important issue.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects ; Substance-Related Disorders/etiology ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Central Nervous System Stimulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 218136-8
    ISSN 1469-7610 ; 0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
    ISSN (online) 1469-7610
    ISSN 0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
    DOI 10.1111/jcpp.13888
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Change in Adolescents' Perceived ADHD Symptoms Across 17 Days of Ecological Momentary Assessment.

    Kennedy, Traci M / Molina, Brooke S G / Pedersen, Sarah L

    Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53

    2022  , Page(s) 1–16

    Abstract: Objective: To test whether adolescents' perceived ADHD symptoms may improve while monitoring them throughout the day.: Method: In a sample of 90 adolescents (: Results: Multilevel regression analyses showed that, on average, adolescents' perceived ...

    Abstract Objective: To test whether adolescents' perceived ADHD symptoms may improve while monitoring them throughout the day.
    Method: In a sample of 90 adolescents (
    Results: Multilevel regression analyses showed that, on average, adolescents' perceived ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and total across domains) decreased across 17 days of EMA. Within person, symptoms were lower following completed versus missed EMA surveys. Significant moderating effects showed that the effect of completing the prior EMA survey weakened across the day and over the course of the 17 days.
    Conclusions: This study is the first to document acute improvements in self-rated ADHD symptoms using EMA in adolescents' naturalistic environments. Symptom monitoring throughout the day may help adolescents improve their day-to-day ADHD, at least acutely, and holds promise as one component of mobile-health ADHD interventions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2073310-0
    ISSN 1537-4424 ; 1537-4416
    ISSN (online) 1537-4424
    ISSN 1537-4416
    DOI 10.1080/15374416.2022.2096043
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  3. Article ; Online: Trajectories of state impulsivity domains before and after alcohol consumption in the naturalistic environment.

    Wonderlich, Joseph A / Molina, Brooke S G / Pedersen, Sarah L

    Drug and alcohol dependence

    2021  Volume 231, Page(s) 109234

    Abstract: Background and aims: Studies have demonstrated that ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can effectively capture within-person variations in impulsive states and that this relates to alcohol use. The current study aimed to examine the daily ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Studies have demonstrated that ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can effectively capture within-person variations in impulsive states and that this relates to alcohol use. The current study aimed to examine the daily trajectories of five facets of impulsivity prior to and following drinking initiation. Additionally, we explored how race, sex, baseline trait impulsivity facets, and ADHD may moderate this relation.
    Design and setting: EMA was used to collect real-time data at 6 semi-random time points and self-initiated reports of drinking onset throughout the day over a 10-day period Measurements Five state and trait impulsivity facets were assessed via the UPPS-P. Naturalistic alcohol use, ADHD history, and demographic characteristics were also assessed PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 135 adult drinkers from a larger study examining alcohol response for Black and White adults with and without a history of childhood ADHD FINDINGS: Generalized estimating equations showed that the linear trajectory of negative urgency significantly increased prior to drinking. Following drinking initiation, the linear trajectory of sensation seeking significantly decreased. There was not significant change in the trajectories of positive urgency, lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance before or after drinking initiation. Additionally, race and ADHD history moderated the trajectory of sensation seeking and race moderated the trajectory of lack of planning.
    Conclusions: Findings highlight the possibility of identifying proximal changes in impulsivity facets prior to and after initiation of drinking. Results can be used to inform real-time interventions that target risk periods to ultimately decrease alcohol use.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Environment ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior/physiology ; Self Report
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-24
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 519918-9
    ISSN 1879-0046 ; 0376-8716
    ISSN (online) 1879-0046
    ISSN 0376-8716
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109234
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Altered Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Functioning During Emotional Interference Resistance Is Associated With Affect Lability in Adults With Persisting Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder From Childhood.

    Ojha, Amar / Jones, Neil P / Henry, Teague / Versace, Amelia / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Joseph, Heather M / Molina, Brooke S G / Ladouceur, Cecile D

    Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or impulsivity/hyperactivity. ADHD, especially when persisting into adulthood, often includes emotional dysregulation, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or impulsivity/hyperactivity. ADHD, especially when persisting into adulthood, often includes emotional dysregulation, such as affect lability; however, the neural correlates of emotionality in adults with heterogeneous ADHD symptom persistence remain unclear.
    Methods: The present study sought to determine shared and distinct functional neuroanatomical profiles of neural circuitry during emotional interference resistance using the emotional face n-back task in adult participants with persisting (n = 47), desisting (n = 93), or no (n = 42) childhood ADHD symptoms while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.
    Results: Participants without any lifetime ADHD diagnosis performed significantly better (faster and more accurately) than participants with ADHD diagnoses on trials with high cognitive loads (2-back) that included task-irrelevant emotional distractors, tapping into executive functioning and emotion regulatory processes. In participants with persisting ADHD symptoms, more severe emotional symptoms were related to worse task performance. Heightened dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation was associated with more accurate and faster performance on 2-back emotional faces trials, respectively. Reduced activation was associated with greater affect lability in adults with persisting ADHD, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation mediated the relationship between affect lability and task accuracy.
    Conclusions: These findings suggest that alterations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex function associated with greater interference in cognitive processes from emotion could represent a marker of risk for problems with emotional dysregulation in individuals with persisting ADHD and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for those with greater emotional symptoms of ADHD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2879089-3
    ISSN 2451-9030 ; 2451-9022
    ISSN (online) 2451-9030
    ISSN 2451-9022
    DOI 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.02.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Heritable Composite Phenotypes Defined by Combinations of Conduct Problem, Depression, and Temperament Features: Contributions to risk for Alcohol Problems.

    Wang, Frances L / Klei, Lambertus / Devlin, Bernie / Molina, Brooke S G / Chassin, Laurie

    Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

    2023  Volume 52, Issue 4, Page(s) 535–550

    Abstract: The genetic architectures underlying symptoms of conduct problems and depression have largely been examined separately and without incorporating temperament, despite evidence for their genetic overlap. We examined how symptoms and temperament dimensions ... ...

    Abstract The genetic architectures underlying symptoms of conduct problems and depression have largely been examined separately and without incorporating temperament, despite evidence for their genetic overlap. We examined how symptoms and temperament dimensions were transmitted together in families to identify highly heritable composite phenotypes, and how these composite phenotypes predicted alcohol outcomes in young adulthood. Participants (N = 486) were drawn from the third generation of families oversampled for alcohol use disorder in the first generation. Conduct problems, depression, and temperament were reported at 11-19 years old and alcohol outcomes at 18-26 years old. Using principal components of heritability analysis, we found seven highly heritable composite phenotypes, five of which predicted alcohol outcomes: three characterized by co-occurring conduct problems and depression and two by conduct problems. Novel composite phenotypes that were characterized by both conduct problems and depression showed different types of symptoms, temperament features, and genetic underpinnings. Children manifesting differing composite phenotypes might benefit from distinct treatments based on their unique etiologies.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/genetics ; Temperament ; Problem Behavior ; Alcoholism/epidemiology ; Alcoholism/genetics ; Ethanol ; Phenotype
    Chemical Substances Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3041907-4
    ISSN 2730-7174 ; 2730-7166
    ISSN (online) 2730-7174
    ISSN 2730-7166
    DOI 10.1007/s10802-023-01129-x
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  6. Article ; Online: Momentary associations between stress and alcohol craving in the naturalistic environment: differential associations for Black and White young adults.

    Pedersen, Sarah L / Kennedy, Traci M / Holmes, Jordan / Molina, Brooke S G

    Addiction (Abingdon, England)

    2021  Volume 117, Issue 5, Page(s) 1284–1294

    Abstract: Background and aims: Black drinkers compared with White drinkers experience more alcohol-related problems. Examination of social determinants of inequities in alcohol problems is needed. The current study measured (1) associations between acute stress ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Black drinkers compared with White drinkers experience more alcohol-related problems. Examination of social determinants of inequities in alcohol problems is needed. The current study measured (1) associations between acute stress and alcohol craving in the naturalistic environment for self-identified Black and White individuals who drink alcohol and (2) whether a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) moderated these associations.
    Design and setting: Observational study using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to collect data from participants at six semi-random time-points throughout the day during a 10-day period. A series of three-level multi-level models examined between- and within-person associations for stress and alcohol and tested if these associations differed for Black and White adults.
    Participants: Participants were 229 adult drinkers (aged 21-35 years) who completed a larger study examining alcohol response for Black and White adults with and without a history of childhood ADHD.
    Measurements: Momentary stress and alcohol craving, ADHD history and socio-demographic characteristics (i.e. racial identity, sex, age, current education level, household income) were assessed. Participants were required to self-identify as either 'African American or Black' or 'European American or White'.
    Findings: Significant racial identity × stress interactions indicated that associations between stress and craving were stronger for Black compared with White adults across the 10-day period (between-person: B = 0.14, P = 0.007), concurrently within a given EMA time-point (within-person: B = 0.04, P = 0.001) and prospectively from time-point to time-point (within-person: B = 0.05, P = 0.001). Results remained while accounting for income × stress interactions.
    Conclusions: Acute stress appears to be more strongly related to alcohol craving in self-identified Black compared with self-identified White individuals. This provides support for policy changes to eliminate structural inequities that increase stress exposure and the development of just-in-time culturally responsive interventions focused on coping with acute stress for Black individuals.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Black People ; Craving/physiology ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Humans ; White People ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1141051-6
    ISSN 1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
    ISSN (online) 1360-0443
    ISSN 0965-2140
    DOI 10.1111/add.15740
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  7. Article ; Online: The interaction between infant negative emotionality and cognition predicts ADHD-related behaviors in toddlerhood.

    Joseph, Heather M / Lorenzo, Nicole E / Wang, Frances L / Wilson, Michelle A / Molina, Brooke S G

    Infant behavior & development

    2022  Volume 68, Page(s) 101742

    Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent disorder commonly identified in childhood. Affective and cognitive characteristics that are identifiable as early as infancy could be signals of risk for developing ADHD. Specifically, ...

    Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent disorder commonly identified in childhood. Affective and cognitive characteristics that are identifiable as early as infancy could be signals of risk for developing ADHD. Specifically, the interplay between emotionality and cognition may be important in predicting early symptoms of ADHD. This study examined the independent and interactive effects of infant negative emotionality and cognition on the development of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in toddlerhood among infants at high and low familial likelihood for ADHD. Participants were 64 infants (M = 8.7, SD = 1.8) at high (n = 32) and low (n = 32) familial likelihood for ADHD, defined as at least one parent with ADHD or two parents without ADHD, respectively. Negative emotionality and cognition in infancy were assessed using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire and the Bayley's Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, and ADHD symptoms were assessed at toddler follow-up (M= 20.0, SD= 3.2) using the Child Behavior Checklist. Accounting for the quality of parent-child interaction, infants' negative emotionality (β = .033, p = .938) and cognition (β = .006, p = .884) did not independently predict toddlers' ADHD-related behaviors, but their interaction did (β = .110, p = .019). For infants with higher levels of cognition (>95th percentile), higher negative emotionality predicted more ADHD-related behaviorss. For infants with lower levels of cognition (<11th percentile), higher negative emotionality predicted fewer ADHD-related behaviors. There may be two affective-cognitive pathways to inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in toddlerhood. The combination of higher levels of negative emotionality and cognition may result in greater frustration when goals are blocked, resulting in the expression of dysregulated behaviors (i.e., ADHD symptoms). Alternatively, low levels of negative emotionality and cognition combined may lead to dysregulation that is primarily cognitive in nature (such as the inattention symptoms of ADHD). Investigating affective and cognitive processes simultaneously may be important for increasing understanding of the early signals of ADHD risk.
    MeSH term(s) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Cognition ; Emotions ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Behavior ; Parents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 224510-3
    ISSN 1934-8800 ; 1879-0453 ; 0163-6383
    ISSN (online) 1934-8800 ; 1879-0453
    ISSN 0163-6383
    DOI 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101742
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  8. Article ; Online: Circadian preference is associated with multiple domains of trait and state level impulsivity.

    Hasler, Brant P / Wallace, Meredith L / Graves, Jessica L / Molina, Brooke S G / Pedersen, Sarah L

    Chronobiology international

    2022  Volume 39, Issue 6, Page(s) 792–804

    Abstract: Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct with well-documented risk for substance use problems at both the trait- and state levels. A circadian preference towards eveningness has been linked to trait-level, global impulsivity, but whether this ... ...

    Abstract Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct with well-documented risk for substance use problems at both the trait- and state levels. A circadian preference towards eveningness has been linked to trait-level, global impulsivity, but whether this association holds true across multiple dimensions of impulsivity and whether actual sleep timing shows parallel associations with impulsivity remain unclear. Here, we extend existing literature by investigating whether eveningness is associated with multiple facets of both trait- and state-level impulsivity. We also examined these associations utilizing daily measures of sleep timing and duration and explored whether they differed by sex and/or race. All participants were moderate-to-heavy social drinkers aged 21-35. Primary analyses included 78 participants (100% White male participants: Sample 1) with circadian preference data (Composite Scale of Morningness: CSM) and sleep timing (midsleep) and duration assessed via daily self-report over 10 days. Five facets of impulsivity were assessed via the UPPS-P, both at baseline (full scale; trait-level) and up to 6 times per day over 10 days (reduced scale; state-level). Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to examine between- and within-person associations of impulsivity with measures of circadian preference, timing, and duration, accounting for covariates. Exploratory analyses combined Sample 1 with an additional more diverse sample (Sample 2), resulting in a total of 182 participants (29.1% self-identified as Black, 29.7% as female) with daily self-report sleep timing and duration only (no circadian preference). Primary between-person models found that eveningness was associated with multiple facets of impulsivity, at trait (lack of perseverance) and state levels (negative and positive urgency, lack of perseverance, and lack of premeditation), while average midsleep and duration were generally unrelated to impulsivity. Primary within-person models largely paralleled the between-person findings. Exploratory analyses in the larger combined Samples 1 and 2 (without circadian preference) found that later midsleep timing was associated with greater mean state-level impulsivity across multiple facets, associations that may differ by race and sex. In a sample of White male participants, circadian preference for eveningness was strongly associated with multiple facets of impulsivity, at both trait- and state-levels, which may contribute to risk for substance use. Preliminary findings suggest sex and race differences in sleep-impulsivity associations, but future research with objective sleep/circadian measures in larger, more diverse samples will be important to clarify implications for sleep-focused prevention and/or treatment of substance use.
    MeSH term(s) Alcohol Drinking ; Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Male ; Sleep ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 998996-1
    ISSN 1525-6073 ; 0742-0528
    ISSN (online) 1525-6073
    ISSN 0742-0528
    DOI 10.1080/07420528.2022.2035392
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  9. Article ; Online: The role of perceived parent drinking motives on alcohol use among adolescents with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

    Margherio, Samantha M / Pedersen, Sarah L / Wang, Frances L / Kennedy, Traci M / Walther, Christine A P / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Pelham, William E / Molina, Brooke S G

    Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: Parent history of alcohol-related problems and antisocial behaviors contribute to adolescent alcohol use and are associated with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Youth with ADHD may be susceptible to ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Parent history of alcohol-related problems and antisocial behaviors contribute to adolescent alcohol use and are associated with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Youth with ADHD may be susceptible to intergenerational transmission of alcohol-related cognitions, which may model drinking motives that enhance risk for adolescent alcohol use. We examined whether childhood ADHD and parent history of alcohol use disorder, with or without antisociality, were associated with adolescents' perceptions of their parents' drinking motives and whether these perceptions predicted their alcohol use behaviors.
    Method: Adolescents (
    Results: Perceived parent drinking motives were highest for social and lowest for conformity motives, consistent with adult self-reports in the literature. Parent alcohol use and antisociality history predicted perceptions of parent drinking motives, and child ADHD only predicted perceptions of parent social drinking motives. Perceived parent drinking motives predicted adolescent alcohol use, but only among youth without ADHD.
    Conclusion: Findings reflect the potential importance of assessing adolescent perceptions of parent drinking motives for adolescents without ADHD and a possible need for supporting parents in communicating about their own alcohol use. Future research should consider alternative strategies (e.g., assessing implicit cognitions) for studying the link between alcohol-related cognitions and behaviors for adolescents with ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2101111-4
    ISSN 1939-1501 ; 0893-164X
    ISSN (online) 1939-1501
    ISSN 0893-164X
    DOI 10.1037/adb0000991
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  10. Article ; Online: Adolescent and Parent Management of Controlled Prescription Medications.

    Engster, Stacey A / Bogen, Debra L / Molina, Brooke S G

    Substance use & misuse

    2019  Volume 54, Issue 14, Page(s) 2264–2274

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Background
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Storage ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parents ; Prescription Drug Misuse/prevention & control ; Prescription Drugs ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Chemical Substances Prescription Drugs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1310358-1
    ISSN 1532-2491 ; 1082-6084
    ISSN (online) 1532-2491
    ISSN 1082-6084
    DOI 10.1080/10826084.2019.1645176
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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