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  1. Article: Exploring the adoption of less restricted criteria for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in late preterm infants: insights from a retrospective analysis.

    Mondì, Vito / Paolillo, Piermichele / Bedetta, Manuela / Lucangeli, Natalia / Picone, Simonetta

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1154518

    Abstract: Background: Preterm infants born between 33 and 35 weeks of gestational age (wGA) have been considered a "major underserved population" and ineligible to receive palivizumab (PLV), the only drug authorized to date for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ... ...

    Abstract Background: Preterm infants born between 33 and 35 weeks of gestational age (wGA) have been considered a "major underserved population" and ineligible to receive palivizumab (PLV), the only drug authorized to date for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis, by current international guidelines. In Italy, such a vulnerable population is currently eligible for prophylaxis, and, in our region, specific risk factors are taken into consideration (SIN
    Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 296 moderate-to-late preterm infants (born between 33 and 35
    Results: Based on the SIN
    Conclusion: Our work further supports the need for targeting late preterm infants for RSV prophylaxis and calls for an appraisal of the current eligibility criteria for PLV treatment. Therefore, adopting less restrictive criteria may ensure a comprehensive prophylaxis of the eligible subjects, thus sparing them from avoidable short- and long-term consequences of RSV infection.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2023.1154518
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Plasmatic profiles of cytokines/chemokines, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and MRI brain damage in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

    Auriti, Cinzia / Mondì, Vito / Piersigilli, Fiammetta / Timelli, Laura / Del Pinto, Tamara / Prencipe, Giusi / Lucignani, Giulia / Longo, Daniela / Bersani, Iliana

    Cytokine

    2024  Volume 177, Page(s) 156565

    Abstract: Background: Perinatal hypoxia triggers the release of cytokines and chemokines by neurons, astrocytes and microglia. In response to hypoxia-ischemia resting/ramified microglia proliferate and undergo activation, producing proinflammatory molecules. The ... ...

    Abstract Background: Perinatal hypoxia triggers the release of cytokines and chemokines by neurons, astrocytes and microglia. In response to hypoxia-ischemia resting/ramified microglia proliferate and undergo activation, producing proinflammatory molecules. The brain damage extension seems to be related to both the severity of hypoxia and the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory response and can be explored with neuroimaging.
    Aims: The aim of this preliminary study was to explore possible relationships between plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the severe brain damage detectable by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), performed during the hospitalization.
    Methods: In 10 full terms neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH), divided into cases and controls, according to MRI results, we measured and compared the plasma levels of CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL8, GFAP, IFN y, IL-10, IL-18, IL-6, CCL3, ENOLASE2, GM-CSF, IL-1b, IL-12p70, IL-33, TNFα, collected at four different time points during TH (24, 25-48, 49-72 h of life, and 7-10 days from birth). Five of enrolled babies had pathological brain MRI (cases) and 5 had a normal MRI examination (controls). Cytokines were measured by Magnetic Luminex Assay. MRI images were classified according to Barkovich's score.
    Results: Mean levels of all cytokines and molecules at time T1 were not significantly different in the two groups. Comparing samples paired by day of collection, the greatest differences between cases and controls were found at times T2 and T3, during TH. At T4, levels tended to get closer again (except for IL-6, IL10 and IL18). Infants with worse MRI showed higher plasmatic GFAP levels than those with normal MRI, while their IL-18 was lower. The mean levels of CCL3MIP1alpha, GMCSF, IL1BETA overlapped throughout the observation period in both groups.
    Conclusion: In a small number of infants with worse brain MRI, we found higher levels of GFAP and of IL-10 at T4 and a trend toward low IL-18 levels than in infants with normal MRI, considered early biomarker of brain damage and a predictor of adverse outcome, respectively. The greatest, although not significant, difference between the levels of molecules was found in cases and controls at time points T2 and T3, during TH.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Interleukin-18/metabolism ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Brain Injuries ; Neuroimaging
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8) ; Interleukin-18 ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Interleukin-6 ; Chemokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1018055-2
    ISSN 1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
    ISSN (online) 1096-0023
    ISSN 1043-4666
    DOI 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156565
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Enterovirus and Paraechovirus Meningitis in Neonates: Which Is the Difference?

    Picone, Simonetta / Mondì, Vito / Di Palma, Federico / Valli, Maria Beatrice / Rueca, Martina / Bedetta, Manuela / Paolillo, Piermichele

    Clinical pediatrics

    2024  , Page(s) 99228241235448

    Abstract: Enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (HPeV) are common viruses in the neonatal period, with similar seasonality and symptomatology. They also are the main causes of aseptic meningitis in newborns and children under 1 year of age. We compared the clinical ... ...

    Abstract Enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (HPeV) are common viruses in the neonatal period, with similar seasonality and symptomatology. They also are the main causes of aseptic meningitis in newborns and children under 1 year of age. We compared the clinical signs, laboratory data, brain, and neurodevelopmental outcome of 10 infants with HPeV and 8 with EV meningitis. In patients with EV meningitis, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) values were significantly higher than those of patients with HPeV infection. Procalcitonin values were low in both groups. White blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte values were significantly higher in EV patients. None of the infants had a brain lesion on cerebral ultrasound neither negative neurological outcome. Based solely on symptoms, it is not possible to distinguish HPeV from EV infection. C-reactive protein, WBC, and lymphocyte values might allow the physician to assume EV infection. The gold standard test for diagnosis remains real-time polymerase chain reaction on cerebral spinal fluid.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207678-0
    ISSN 1938-2707 ; 0009-9228
    ISSN (online) 1938-2707
    ISSN 0009-9228
    DOI 10.1177/00099228241235448
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Vitamin D Supplementation in Neonatal and Infant MIS-C Following COVID-19 Infection.

    Rizzi, Manuela / Avellis, Vincenzo / Messina, Alessandro / Germano, Chiara / Tavella, Elena / Dodaro, Valentina / Vitale, Raffaele / Revelli, Alberto / Zola, Paolo / Picone, Simonetta / Paolillo, Pier Michele / Mondì, Vito / Masturzo, Bianca / Manzoni, Paolo / Sainaghi, Pier Paolo

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2024  Volume 25, Issue 7

    Abstract: To date, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a great clinical challenge worldwide, and effective anti-COVID-19 drugs are limited. For this reason, nutritional supplements have been investigated as adjuvant therapeutic approaches in disease ... ...

    Abstract To date, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a great clinical challenge worldwide, and effective anti-COVID-19 drugs are limited. For this reason, nutritional supplements have been investigated as adjuvant therapeutic approaches in disease management. Among such supplements, vitamin D has gained great interest, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions both in adult and pediatric populations. Even if there is conflicting evidence about its prevention and/or mitigation effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2 infection, several studies demonstrated a strict correlation between hypovitaminosis D and disease severity in acute COVID-19 and MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children). This narrative review offers a resume of the state of the art about vitamin D's role in immunity and its clinical use in the context of the current pandemic, specially focusing on pediatric manifestations and MIS-C. It seems biologically reasonable that interventions aimed at normalizing circulating vitamin D levels could be beneficial. To help clinicians in establishing the correct prophylaxis and/or supportive therapy with vitamin D, well-designed and adequately statistically powered clinical trials involving both adult and pediatric populations are needed. Moreover, this review will also discuss the few other nutraceuticals evaluated in this context.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Child ; COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; Dietary Supplements ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
    Chemical Substances Vitamins ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms25073712
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Practical Tips

    Auriti, Cinzia / De Rose, Domenico Umberto / Mondì, Vito / Stolfi, Ilaria / Tzialla, Chryssoula / on behalf of the Study Group of Neonatal Infectious Diseases

    Pathogens. 2021 May 17, v. 10, no. 5

    2021  

    Abstract: The recent viral pandemic in Wuhan, Hubei, China has led to the identification of a new species of beta-coronavirus, able to infect humans, the 2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 causes a clinical syndrome named COVID-19, which presents with a ...

    Abstract The recent viral pandemic in Wuhan, Hubei, China has led to the identification of a new species of beta-coronavirus, able to infect humans, the 2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 causes a clinical syndrome named COVID-19, which presents with a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe pneumonia, with acute respiratory distress syndrome and frequent death. All age groups are susceptible to the infection, but children, especially infants, seem to be partially spared, having a more favorable clinical course than other age groups. There is currently no clear evidence showing vertical transmission and intrauterine SARS-CoV-2 infection in fetuses of women developing COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy, and even if transmission is possible, the SARS-CoV2 positivity of the mother does not require delivery by caesarean section, does not contraindicate the management of the infant in rooming-in and allows breastfeeding. This review provides an overview on the biology of the virus, on the pathogenesis of the infection, with particular attention to pregnancy and neonatal age, on the clinical presentation of infection in newborns and young infants and summarizes the international recommendations currently available on the clinical care of neonates with SARS-CoV2 infection or at risk of catching the virus. The main objective of the review is to provide an update especially focused to the clinical management of COVID-19 infection in the perinatal and neonatal age.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; breast feeding ; cesarean section ; death ; disease course ; new species ; pandemic ; pathogenesis ; pneumonia ; pregnancy ; risk ; viruses ; China
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0517
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens10050611
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Neonatal Encephalopathy and SIADH during RSV Infection.

    Picone, Simonetta / Mondì, Vito / Di Palma, Federico / Martini, Ludovica / Paolillo, Piermichele

    American journal of perinatology

    2019  Volume 36, Issue S 02, Page(s) S106–S109

    Abstract: Objective: This report discusses the neurological involvement in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in neonates.: Study design: We present a case report of a 2-month-old infant affected by a bronchiolitis RSV-positive, with syndrome of ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This report discusses the neurological involvement in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in neonates.
    Study design: We present a case report of a 2-month-old infant affected by a bronchiolitis RSV-positive, with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) correlated seizure and encephalopathy.
    Results: RSV infection can be associated as a serious disease in newborns involving the central nervous system (CNS) and causing seizures or acute encephalopathy. RSV may be also responsible for SIADH and seizures associated with hyponatremia. The RSV related encephalopathy could be caused by different mechanisms, such as direct viral invasion of the CNS or by indirect mechanism mediated by inflammatory cytokines. In addition, it can be favored by severe hyponatremia and SIADH that can cause cerebral edema. Some studies highlight that this virus-related encephalopathy lead to sudden infant death syndrome.
    Conclusion: In presence of neurological involvement during RSV-infection must be taken in consideration to performing instrumental test to detect cerebral edema. In addiction could be useful to dose inflammatory cytokines, and to consider the immune-modulatory therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Diseases/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome/etiology ; Infant ; Infant, Premature ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/complications ; Seizures/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605671-4
    ISSN 1098-8785 ; 0735-1631
    ISSN (online) 1098-8785
    ISSN 0735-1631
    DOI 10.1055/s-0039-1692132
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Intersociety Position Statement on the Prevention of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Italy.

    Tzialla, Chryssoula / Auriti, Cinzia / Aversa, Salvatore / Merazzi, Daniele / Martinelli, Stefano / Araimo, Gabriella / Massenzi, Luca / Cavallaro, Giacomo / Gagliardi, Luigi / Giuffrè, Mario / Mosca, Fabio / Cetin, Irene / Trojano, Vito / Valensise, Herbert / Colacurci, Nicola / Orfeo, Luigi / Mondì, Vito / On Behalf Of Their Respective Scientific Societies

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 1

    Abstract: There is currently no worldwide agreement on the real need to administer conjunctival antibiotics to neonates at birth to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis (usually defined as ophthalmia neonatorum) ... ...

    Abstract There is currently no worldwide agreement on the real need to administer conjunctival antibiotics to neonates at birth to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis (usually defined as ophthalmia neonatorum) by
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms12010015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Antibiotic prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum in Italy: results from a national survey and the Italian intersociety new position statements.

    Mondì, Vito / Tzialla, Chryssoula / Aversa, Salvatore / Merazzi, Daniele / Martinelli, Stefano / Araimo, Gabriella / Massenzi, Luca / Cavallaro, Giacomo / Gagliardi, Luigi / Piersigilli, Fiammetta / Giuffrè, Mario / Lozzi, Simona / Manzoni, Paolo / Mosca, Fabio / Cetin, Irene / Trojano, Vito / Valensise, Herbert / Colacurci, Nicola / Orfeo, Luigi /
    Auriti, Cinzia

    Italian journal of pediatrics

    2023  Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 117

    Abstract: Background: Ophthalmia neonatorum is an acute conjunctivitis that occurs in newborns within the first month of life. The most serious infections are due to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, that may cause permanent damages. The use of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Ophthalmia neonatorum is an acute conjunctivitis that occurs in newborns within the first month of life. The most serious infections are due to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, that may cause permanent damages. The use of ophthalmic prophylaxis varies widely around the world, according to the different health and socio-economic contexts. To date in Italy there is no a clear legislation regarding ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis at birth.
    Methods: We invited all birth centers in Italy to carry out a retrospective survey relating the last three years. We collected data regarding demographics of neonates, drugs used for ophthalmic prophylaxis and results of the screening of pregnant women for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae vaginal infections.
    Results: Among 419 birth centers, 302 (72,1%) responded to the survey. Overall 1041384 neonates, 82,3% of those born in the three years considered, received ophthalmic prophylaxis. Only 4,585 (0,4%) of them received one of the drugs recommended by the WHO. The Centers that participated to the survey reported 12 episodes of Chlamydial conjunctivitis and no Gonococcal infection in the three years. Only 38% of the Centers performed vaginal swabs to pregnant women: 2,6% screened only for Neisseria, 9,6% only for Chlamydia and 25,8% for both germs.
    Conclusions: The data obtained from the survey showed a low incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis due to either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis in Italy. Due to the lack of legislation regulating the prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum in newborns, the Italian Society of Neonatology, the Italian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine have recently issued new recommendations on this topic.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Ophthalmia Neonatorum/epidemiology ; Ophthalmia Neonatorum/prevention & control ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Retrospective Studies ; Gonorrhea/diagnosis ; Gonorrhea/epidemiology ; Gonorrhea/prevention & control ; Italy/epidemiology ; Conjunctivitis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2088556-8
    ISSN 1824-7288 ; 1720-8424
    ISSN (online) 1824-7288
    ISSN 1720-8424
    DOI 10.1186/s13052-023-01507-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Complexity of modular neuromuscular control increases and variability decreases during human locomotor development.

    Sylos-Labini, Francesca / La Scaleia, Valentina / Cappellini, Germana / Dewolf, Arthur / Fabiano, Adele / Solopova, Irina A / Mondì, Vito / Ivanenko, Yury / Lacquaniti, Francesco

    Communications biology

    2022  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 1256

    Abstract: When does modular control of locomotion emerge during human development? One view is that modularity is not innate, being learnt over several months of experience. Alternatively, the basic motor modules are present at birth, but are subsequently ... ...

    Abstract When does modular control of locomotion emerge during human development? One view is that modularity is not innate, being learnt over several months of experience. Alternatively, the basic motor modules are present at birth, but are subsequently reconfigured due to changing brain-body-environment interactions. One problem in identifying modular structures in stepping infants is the presence of noise. Here, using both simulated and experimental muscle activity data from stepping neonates, infants, preschoolers, and adults, we dissect the influence of noise, and identify modular structures in all individuals, including neonates. Complexity of modularity increases from the neonatal stage to adulthood at multiple levels of the motor infrastructure, from the intrinsic rhythmicity measured at the level of individual muscles activities, to the level of muscle synergies and of bilateral intermuscular network connectivity. Low complexity and high variability of neuromuscular signals attest neonatal immaturity, but they also involve potential benefits for learning locomotor tasks.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Locomotion/physiology ; Learning ; Periodicity ; Brain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2399-3642
    ISSN (online) 2399-3642
    DOI 10.1038/s42003-022-04225-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Left-Right Locomotor Coordination in Human Neonates.

    Dewolf, Arthur H / La Scaleia, Valentina / Fabiano, Adele / Sylos-Labini, Francesca / Mondi, Vito / Picone, Simonetta / Di Paolo, Ambrogio / Paolillo, Piermichele / Ivanenko, Yuri / Lacquaniti, Francesco

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 34, Page(s) 6566–6580

    Abstract: Terrestrial locomotion requires coordinated bilateral activation of limb muscles, with left-right alternation in walking or running, and synchronous activation in hopping or skipping. The neural mechanisms involved in interlimb coordination at birth are ... ...

    Abstract Terrestrial locomotion requires coordinated bilateral activation of limb muscles, with left-right alternation in walking or running, and synchronous activation in hopping or skipping. The neural mechanisms involved in interlimb coordination at birth are well known in different mammalian species, but less so in humans. Here, 46 neonates (of either sex) performed bilateral and unilateral stepping with one leg blocked in different positions. By recording EMG activities of lower-limb muscles, we observed episodes of left-right alternating or synchronous coordination. In most cases, the frequency of EMG oscillations during sequences of consecutive steps was approximately similar between the two sides, but in some cases it was considerably different, with episodes of 2:1 interlimb coordination and episodes of activity deletions on the blocked side. Hip position of the blocked limb significantly affected ipsilateral, but not contralateral, muscle activities. Thus, hip extension backward engaged hip flexor muscle, and hip flexion engaged hip extensors. Moreover, the sudden release of the blocked limb in the posterior position elicited the immediate initiation of the swing phase of the limb, with hip flexion and a burst of an ankle flexor muscle. Extensor muscles showed load responses at midstance. The variable interlimb coordination and its incomplete sensory modulation suggest that the neonatal locomotor networks do not operate in the same manner as in mature locomotion, also because of the limited cortical control at birth. These neonatal mechanisms share many properties with spinal mammalian preparations (i.e., independent pattern generators for each limb, and for flexor and extensor muscles, load, and hip position feedback).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Electromyography ; Hindlimb/physiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Locomotion/physiology ; Mammals ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Walking
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604637-x
    ISSN 1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
    ISSN (online) 1529-2401
    ISSN 0270-6474
    DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0612-22.2022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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