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Article ; Online: Performance Comparison of Relay-Based Covert Communications: DF, CF and AF.

Moon, Jihwan

2023 Volume 23, Issue 21

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the performance of covert communications in different types of a relay system: decode-and-forward (DF), compress-and-forward (CF) and amplify-and-forward (AF). We consider a source node that attempts to send both public and ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we investigate the performance of covert communications in different types of a relay system: decode-and-forward (DF), compress-and-forward (CF) and amplify-and-forward (AF). We consider a source node that attempts to send both public and covert messages to a destination node through a relay on which a covert message detector is embedded. By taking the minimum detection error probability (DEP) at the relay into account, we optimize the power distribution between the public and covert messages to achieve the maximum covert rate. We further make a delay-aware comparison among DF, CF and AF relay systems with the obtained closed-form covert rates and conduct an extensive examination on the asymptotic behaviors in different limits. Our analyses reveal that CF or AF tend to outperform DF for high source transmit power or low relay transmit power, while various system parameters such as the processing delay, minimum required quality of service for public messages and DEP threshold lead to different performance relationships among DF, CF and AF for high relay transmit power. Numerical results verify our investigation into the performance comparison in various channel models.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23218747
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Article ; Online: Disguised Full-Duplex Covert Communications.

Moon, Jihwan

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 14

Abstract: Covert communications have arisen as an effective communications security measure that overcomes some of the limitations of cryptography and physical layer security. The main objective is to completely conceal from external devices the very existence of ... ...

Abstract	Covert communications have arisen as an effective communications security measure that overcomes some of the limitations of cryptography and physical layer security. The main objective is to completely conceal from external devices the very existence of the link for exchanging confidential messages. In this paper, we take a step further and consider a scenario in which a covert communications node disguises itself as another functional entity for even more covertness. To be specific, we study a system where a source node communicates with a seemingly receive-only destination node which, in fact, is full-duplex (FD) and covertly delivers critical messages to another hidden receiver while evading the surveillance. Our aim is to identify the achievable covert rate at the hidden receiver by optimizing the public data rate and the transmit power of the FD destination node subject to the worst-case detection error probability (DEP) of the warden. Closed-form solutions are provided, and we investigate the effects of various system parameters on the covert rate through numerical results, one of which reveals that applying more (less) destination transmit power achieves a higher covert rate when the source transmit power is low (high). Since our work provides a performance guideline from the information-theoretic point of view, we conclude this paper with a discussion on possible future research such as analyses with practical modulations and imperfect channel state information.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23146515
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Article ; Online: The relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and brain tumor: The brain tumor incidence trends in South Korea.

Moon, Jinyoung

Environmental research

2023 Volume 226, Page(s) 115657

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the nationwide cell phone subscription rate and the nationwide incidence of brain tumors in South Korea. The nationwide cell phone subscription rate was used as a proxy for ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the nationwide cell phone subscription rate and the nationwide incidence of brain tumors in South Korea. The nationwide cell phone subscription rate was used as a proxy for the RF-EMR exposure assessment. Methods: The data for cell phone subscriptions per 100 persons from 1985 to 2019 were found in the Statistics, International Telecom Union (ITU). The brain tumor incidence data from 1999 to 2018 provided by the South Korea Central Cancer Registry operated by the National Cancer Center were used. Results: In South Korea, the subscription rate increased from 0 per 100 persons in 1991 to 57 per 100 persons in 2000. The subscription rate became 97 per 100 persons in 2009 and 135 per 100 persons in 2019. For the correlation coefficient between cell phone subscription rate before 10 years and ASIR per 100,000, a positive correlation coefficient with a statistical significance was reported in 3 benign brain tumors (International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10 code, D32, D33, and D32.0) and in 3 malignant brain tumors (ICD-10 code, C71.0, C71.1, and C71.2). Positive correlation coefficients with a statistical significance in malignant brain tumors ranged from 0.75 (95% CI 0.46-0.90) for C71.0 to 0.85 (95% CI 0.63-0.93) for C71.1. Discussion: In consideration of the fact that the main route for RF-EMR exposure has been through the frontotemporal side of the brain (the location of both ears), the positive correlation coefficient with a statistical significance in the frontal lobe (C71.1) and temporal lobe (C71.2) can be understood. Statistically insignificant results from recent cohort and large population international studies and contrasting results from many previous case-control studies could indicate a difficulty in identifying a factor as a determinant of a disease in ecological study design.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Incidence ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Brain Neoplasms/etiology ; Cell Phone ; Radio Waves/adverse effects ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.115657
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "The relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and brain tumor: The brain tumor incidence trends in South Korea" [Environ. Res. 226 (2023) 115657].

Moon, Jinyoung

Environmental research

2023 Volume 231, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 116166

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.116166
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "The relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and brain tumor: The brain tumor incidence trends in South Korea" [Environ. Res. 226 (2023) 115657].

Moon, Jinyoung

Environmental research

2023 Volume 228, Page(s) 115890

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.115890
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Article ; Online: Rare genetic causes of meningitis and encephalitis.

Moon, Jangsup

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)

2022 Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) 29–35

Abstract: Differential diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis is often very challenging because it cannot be determined based on symptoms, and the diseases have various causes. This article explains rare genetic causes of meningitis and encephalitis. ... ...

Abstract	Differential diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis is often very challenging because it cannot be determined based on symptoms, and the diseases have various causes. This article explains rare genetic causes of meningitis and encephalitis. Autoinflammatory disorders include cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, familial Mediterranean fever, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome. Furthermore, other genetic disorders, such as complement factor I deficiency, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class T mutation, and neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, can present as meningitis and encephalitis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-10
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2734-1461
ISSN (online)	2734-1461
DOI	10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00164
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Article ; Online: Missed reporting of nonfatal occupational injuries: estimation using the International Labor Organization datasets.

Moon, Jinyoung

International archives of occupational and environmental health

2022 Volume 95, Issue 6, Page(s) 1343–1356

Abstract: Introduction: Most previous studies about missed reporting of nonfatal occupational injuries have four limitations: (i) mostly qualitative methods, (ii) arbitrary fraction used to estimate missed nonfatal occupational injuries based on subjective ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Most previous studies about missed reporting of nonfatal occupational injuries have four limitations: (i) mostly qualitative methods, (ii) arbitrary fraction used to estimate missed nonfatal occupational injuries based on subjective opinions, (iii) use of datasets derived from only one country, and (iv) use of a relatively simple estimation method. In contrast, (i) using quantitative approaches, this study will calculate the (ii) objective estimates on (iii) a multinational scale. (iv) A newly devised logical approach for estimation will be applied. Through this study, the fraction of missed reports of nonfatal occupational injuries will be estimated in a new way. Methods: Four International Labor Organization (ILO) datasets were analyzed in this study: (i) fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers by sex and migrant status, (ii) nonfatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers by sex and migrant status, (iii) inspectors per 10,000 employed persons, and (iv) labor inspection visits per inspector. The ratification status of 27 ILO conventions, classified into 12 categories, was used for the analyses. The GDP dataset from the World Bank Open Data was also used. In addition to basic descriptive analyses, a multilevel Poisson regression method was applied. The primary outcome was the risk ratio of the above-mentioned four selected measures when an ILO convention was ratified compared to when the convention was not ratified. Finally, for the estimation of the fraction of missed reports of nonfatal occupational injuries, a newly devised estimation method was applied. This method was devised based on a unique characteristic of reporting systems for fatal occupational injuries (duplicate reporting through multiple reporting systems). Results: The ratio of discovered nonfatal occupational injuries to total estimated nonfatal occupational injuries ranged from 0.13 (95% CI 0.13-0.14) to 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.95). In other words, the minimum estimate of the percentage of missed injury reports is 11% (1-0.89 = 0.11) and the maximum is 87% (1-0.13 = 0.87). The mean value of the ratios of discovered nonfatal occupational injuries to total estimated nonfatal occupational injuries was 0.52. In other words, the most likely estimate for the fraction of missed injury reports is 48% (1-0.52 = 0.48). Discussion: Underreporting of nonfatal occupational injuries could hinder the efforts of governments to address and improve the occupational safety and health status of the country. Accurate assessment of the current status of nonfatal occupational injuries is important for devising effective strategies to reduce this type of injury.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Injuries/epidemiology ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Management
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	129038-1
ISSN	1432-1246 ; 0340-0131 ; 0367-9977
ISSN (online)	1432-1246
ISSN	0340-0131 ; 0367-9977
DOI	10.1007/s00420-022-01892-2
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Article ; Online: The effect of subcontractor status on occupational injury and disease incidence: a cross-sectional study using the 9th Occupational Safety and Health Company Survey.

Moon, Jinyoung

International archives of occupational and environmental health

2022 Volume 95, Issue 5, Page(s) 1003–1016

Abstract: Background: Despite the efforts of contractors to identify and reduce any occupational risk that exists in subcontracted works, if the associated risks cannot be eliminated and reduced and subcontractors have to take risks, this situation can be called ' ...

Abstract	Background: Despite the efforts of contractors to identify and reduce any occupational risk that exists in subcontracted works, if the associated risks cannot be eliminated and reduced and subcontractors have to take risks, this situation can be called 'risk transfer.' The hypothesis of this study is that the contractor-subcontractor status of a company affects the risk of occupational injury or occupational disease. The inside subcontractor and outside subcontractor represent subcontractors located inside and outside the contractor workplace, respectively. Methods: The dataset from the 9th Occupational Safety and Health Company Survey (OSHCS) with 5219 workplaces, which was conducted in South Korea, was used. After the exclusion of 45 workplaces with no reported employees, 5174 workplaces with a total of 1,072,583 employees were used for analysis. Poisson regression was applied with the contractor-subcontractor category as the independent variable and the number of both occupational injury and disease cases per workplace as the dependent variable. Poisson regression is an appropriate model for the count-data analysis of rare events that do not follow a normal distribution but rather follow a right-skewed distribution. Results: Compared to the 'contractor' category, the 'outside contractor' reported the highest risk ratio, 1.66 (95% Confidence Interval, CI 1.09-2.41). The 'inside contractor' reported the second highest risk ratio, 1.39 (95% CI 1.07-1.78). In contrast, the 'both contractor and subcontractor' category reported a statistically significant decreased risk ratio of 0.69 (95% CI 0.57-0.84). The 'neither contractor nor subcontractor' category showed a statistically equivocal risk ratio of 0.91 (95% CI 0.76-1.07). Conclusion: This study confirmed the increased risk of occupational injuries and diseases for subcontractors, whether located inside or outside the contractor workplace (1.66-fold and 1.39-fold increased risk, respectively). Future individual-based epidemiologic studies such as case-control and cohort studies could provide more detailed information such as specific risk factors associated with subcontracted works and confounders according to industry classification.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Injuries/epidemiology ; Workplace
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	129038-1
ISSN	1432-1246 ; 0340-0131 ; 0367-9977
ISSN (online)	1432-1246
ISSN	0340-0131 ; 0367-9977
DOI	10.1007/s00420-022-01858-4
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Article ; Online: The relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and brain tumor: The brain tumor incidence trends in South Korea [Corrigendum: July 2023, v. 228, p. 115890]

Moon, Jinyoung

Environmental Research. 2023 June, v. 226, p. 115657

2023 , Page(s) 115657

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the nationwide cell phone subscription rate and the nationwide incidence of brain tumors in South Korea. The nationwide cell phone subscription rate was used as a proxy for the RF-EMR ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the nationwide cell phone subscription rate and the nationwide incidence of brain tumors in South Korea. The nationwide cell phone subscription rate was used as a proxy for the RF-EMR exposure assessment. The data for cell phone subscriptions per 100 persons from 1985 to 2019 were found in the Statistics, International Telecom Union (ITU). The brain tumor incidence data from 1999 to 2018 provided by the South Korea Central Cancer Registry operated by the National Cancer Center were used. In South Korea, the subscription rate increased from 0 per 100 persons in 1991 to 57 per 100 persons in 2000. The subscription rate became 97 per 100 persons in 2009 and 135 per 100 persons in 2019. For the correlation coefficient between cell phone subscription rate before 10 years and ASIR per 100,000, a positive correlation coefficient with a statistical significance was reported in 3 benign brain tumors (International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10 code, D32, D33, and D32.0) and in 3 malignant brain tumors (ICD-10 code, C71.0, C71.1, and C71.2). Positive correlation coefficients with a statistical significance in malignant brain tumors ranged from 0.75 (95% CI 0.46–0.90) for C71.0 to 0.85 (95% CI 0.63–0.93) for C71.1. In consideration of the fact that the main route for RF-EMR exposure has been through the frontotemporal side of the brain (the location of both ears), the positive correlation coefficient with a statistical significance in the frontal lobe (C71.1) and temporal lobe (C71.2) can be understood. Statistically insignificant results from recent cohort and large population international studies and contrasting results from many previous case-control studies could indicate a difficulty in identifying a factor as a determinant of a disease in ecological study design.
Keywords	brain neoplasms ; ecological studies ; experimental design ; exposure assessment ; frontal lobe ; mobile telephones ; research ; statistics ; South Korea ; Radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation ; Cell phone ; Brain tumor ; Subscription rate ; Age-standardized incidence rate ; Correlation coefficient
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Size	p. 115657
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.115657
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and brain, esophageal, melanomatous skin, prostate, and lung cancer using the 2003-2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets.

Moon, Jinyoung / Mun, Yongseok

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) e24337

Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of this study was to use the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets to examine potential relationships between four per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures and each type of cancer, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The purpose of this study was to use the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets to examine potential relationships between four per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures and each type of cancer, specifically perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Methods: A logistic regression analysis was performed. A directed acyclic graph was plotted to adjust for the potential confounders. Results: The odds ratio (OR) of brain cancer for a one-unit increase in ln (PFHxS) was 8.16 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.98-68.89). The OR of esophageal cancer for one unit increase of ln (PFOA) and ln (PFOS) was 5.10 (95 % CI 1.18-17.34) and 3.97 (95 % CI 1.24-11.42), respectively. The OR of melanoma for one unit increase of ln (PFOA) and ln (PFHxS) was 1.65 (95 % CI 1.07-2.58) and 1.55 (95 % CI 1.07-2.25), respectively. The OR of prostate cancer for one unit increase of ln (PFOS) and ln (PFNA) was 1.21 (95 % CI 1.00-1.48) and 1.27 (95 % CI 1.00-1.62), respectively. The OR of lung cancer for one unit increase of ln (PFOS) and ln (PFNA) was 2.62 (95 % CI 1.24-5.83) and 2.38 (95 % CI 1.00-5.52), respectively. Discussion: Considering that brain, esophageal, and melanomatous skin cancers have not been targets of epidemiologic studies regarding PFAS exposure, future studies could target these cancers as outcomes of interest.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24337
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