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  1. Article ; Online: Accuracy of radiotherapy dose calculations based on cone-beam CT: comparison of deformable registration and image correction based methods.

    Marchant, T E / Joshi, K D / Moore, C J

    Physics in medicine and biology

    2018  Volume 63, Issue 6, Page(s) 65003

    Abstract: Radiotherapy dose calculations based on cone-beam CT (CBCT) images can be inaccurate due to unreliable Hounsfield units (HU) in the CBCT. Deformable image registration of planning CT images to CBCT, and direct correction of CBCT image values are two ... ...

    Abstract Radiotherapy dose calculations based on cone-beam CT (CBCT) images can be inaccurate due to unreliable Hounsfield units (HU) in the CBCT. Deformable image registration of planning CT images to CBCT, and direct correction of CBCT image values are two methods proposed to allow heterogeneity corrected dose calculations based on CBCT. In this paper we compare the accuracy and robustness of these two approaches. CBCT images for 44 patients were used including pelvis, lung and head & neck sites. CBCT HU were corrected using a 'shading correction' algorithm and via deformable registration of planning CT to CBCT using either Elastix or Niftyreg. Radiotherapy dose distributions were re-calculated with heterogeneity correction based on the corrected CBCT and several relevant dose metrics for target and OAR volumes were calculated. Accuracy of CBCT based dose metrics was determined using an 'override ratio' method where the ratio of the dose metric to that calculated on a bulk-density assigned version of the same image is assumed to be constant for each patient, allowing comparison to the patient's planning CT as a gold standard. Similar performance is achieved by shading corrected CBCT and both deformable registration algorithms, with mean and standard deviation of dose metric error less than 1% for all sites studied. For lung images, use of deformed CT leads to slightly larger standard deviation of dose metric error than shading corrected CBCT with more dose metric errors greater than 2% observed (7% versus 1%).
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Pelvic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Pelvic Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiometry/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208857-5
    ISSN 1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
    ISSN (online) 1361-6560
    ISSN 0031-9155
    DOI 10.1088/1361-6560/aab0f0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Mass-trapping ofCarpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in stone fruit orchards using synthetic aggregation pheromones and a coattractant: Development of a strategy for population suppression.

    James, D G / Bartelt, R J / Moore, C J

    Journal of chemical ecology

    2013  Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) 1541–1556

    Abstract: Experiments were conducted in southern New South Wales to evaluate the potential of mass-trapping using synthetic aggregation pheromones and a coattractant as a control option forCarpophilus spp. in stone fruit orchards. A cordon of 54 pipe and 54 funnel ...

    Abstract Experiments were conducted in southern New South Wales to evaluate the potential of mass-trapping using synthetic aggregation pheromones and a coattractant as a control option forCarpophilus spp. in stone fruit orchards. A cordon of 54 pipe and 54 funnel traps (one trap of each type per perimeter tree) baited with pheromones ofC. mutilatus andC. davidsoni and coattractant (fermenting bread dough) was maintained around an apricot orchard for three weeks prior to harvest. The incidence ofCarpophilus spp. in ripe fruit in the center of the orchard was significantly reduced compared to a nearby orchard or the perimeter trees containing traps. A cordon of 16 water-filled Magnet funnel traps baited with pheromones ofC. mutilatus andC. davidsoni and coattractant was placed around a 9 × 9 block of trees in a peach orchard (single traps on alternate perimeter trees). This trapping regime significantly reduced infestation of fruit baits byCarpophilus spp. in the center tree over a period of six weeks compared to fruit baits in trap trees and distant (100 m) control trees. However, cordons of eight pheromone traps within 1 m of single trees or a single trap adjacent to a tree increasedCarpophilus spp. infestation of fruit baits by up to 7.5 × compared to trees without pheromone traps. Mass-trapping based on perimeter positioning of pheromone traps (at a yet to be determined distance from protected trees) appears to show potential as a control strategy forCarpophilus spp. in stone fruit orchards during fruit ripening and harvest but traps too close to trees must be avoided. Development of a strategy for population suppression is discussed with respect to trap type, efficacy, positioning, and density; pheromone and coattractant delivery systems; and orchard sanitation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800130-3
    ISSN 1573-1561 ; 0098-0331
    ISSN (online) 1573-1561
    ISSN 0098-0331
    DOI 10.1007/BF02027730
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Identification, synthesis, and bioactivity of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in assassin bug,Pristhesancus Plagipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).

    James, D G / Moore, C J / Aldrich, J R

    Journal of chemical ecology

    2013  Volume 20, Issue 12, Page(s) 3281–3295

    Abstract: Pristhesancus plagipennis, a large Australian assassin bug, possesses three pairs of dorsal abdominal glands (DAGs). In the male, the anterior and posterior glands are hypertrophied and secrete an attractant pheromone. Gas chromatography-mass ... ...

    Abstract Pristhesancus plagipennis, a large Australian assassin bug, possesses three pairs of dorsal abdominal glands (DAGs). In the male, the anterior and posterior glands are hypertrophied and secrete an attractant pheromone. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of male DAG extracts and airborne volatiles emitted from calling males showed the pheromone signature to be dominated by a novel component. Subsequent chemical manipulations, GC-MS, and chiral-column analyses established its identity as (Z)-3-hexenyl (R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate. Minor components included 3-methylbutanol, 2-phenylethanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, decanal, (E)-2-hexenoic acid, and three minor hexenyl esters. Bioactivity studies using laboratory olfactometers and outdoor flight cages demonstrated attraction by femaleP. plagipennis to calling males, heptane extracts of male posterior DAGs and a synthetic formulation of the (Z)R enantiomer of the major ester, alone or in combination with other components of male anterior and posterior DAGs. Males were also attracted to the major ester. The racemate andS enantiomer of the ester were not attractive. Contamination of the (Z)R enantiomer with 30-60% of theE isomer also made the compound nonattractive. This is the first report of an aggregation pheromone in the Reduviidae. The prospects for pheromonal manipulation ofP. plagipennis populations to enhance the value of this predator in horticultural ecosystems, are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800130-3
    ISSN 1573-1561 ; 0098-0331
    ISSN (online) 1573-1561
    ISSN 0098-0331
    DOI 10.1007/BF02033726
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Fast methods for training Gaussian processes on large datasets.

    Moore, C J / Chua, A J K / Berry, C P L / Gair, J R

    Royal Society open science

    2016  Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) 160125

    Abstract: Gaussian process regression (GPR) is a non-parametric Bayesian technique for interpolating or fitting data. The main barrier to further uptake of this powerful tool rests in the computational costs associated with the matrices which arise when dealing ... ...

    Abstract Gaussian process regression (GPR) is a non-parametric Bayesian technique for interpolating or fitting data. The main barrier to further uptake of this powerful tool rests in the computational costs associated with the matrices which arise when dealing with large datasets. Here, we derive some simple results which we have found useful for speeding up the learning stage in the GPR algorithm, and especially for performing Bayesian model comparison between different covariance functions. We apply our techniques to both synthetic and real data and quantify the speed-up relative to using nested sampling to numerically evaluate model evidences.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.160125
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: A method to calculate coverage probability from uncertainties in radiotherapy via a statistical shape model.

    Price, G J / Moore, C J

    Physics in medicine and biology

    2007  Volume 52, Issue 7, Page(s) 1947–1965

    Abstract: In this paper we describe a technique that may be used to model the geometric uncertainties that accrue during the radiotherapy process. Using data from in-treatment cone beam CT scans, we simultaneously analyse non-uniform observer delineation ... ...

    Abstract In this paper we describe a technique that may be used to model the geometric uncertainties that accrue during the radiotherapy process. Using data from in-treatment cone beam CT scans, we simultaneously analyse non-uniform observer delineation variability and organ motion together with patient set-up errors via the creation of a point distribution model (PDM). We introduce a novel method of generating a coverage probability matrix, that may be used to determine treatment margins and calculate uncertainties in dose, from this statistical shape model. The technique does not assume rigid body motion and can extrapolate shape variability in a statistically meaningful manner. In order to construct the PDM, we generate corresponding surface points over a set of delineations. Correspondences are established at a set of points in parameter space on spherically parameterized and canonical aligned outlines. The method is demonstrated using rectal delineations from serially acquired in-treatment cone beam CT image volumes of a prostate patient (44 image volumes total), each delineated by a minimum of two observers (maximum six). Two PDMs are constructed, one with set-up errors included and one without. We test the normality assumptions of the PDMs and find the distributions to be Gaussian in nature. The rectal PDM variability is in general agreement with data in the literature. The two resultant coverage probability matrices show differences as expected.
    MeSH term(s) Diffusion ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Models, Statistical ; Probability ; Prostate/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiation Oncology/methods ; Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surface Properties ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-04-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208857-5
    ISSN 1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
    ISSN (online) 1361-6560
    ISSN 0031-9155
    DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/52/7/012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Antagonism of corticotrophin-releasing factor type 1 receptors attenuates caloric intake of free feeding subordinate female rhesus monkeys in a rich dietary environment.

    Moore, C J / Johnson, Z P / Higgins, M / Toufexis, D / Wilson, M E

    Journal of neuroendocrinology

    2015  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 33–43

    Abstract: Social subordination in macaque females is a known chronic stressor and previous studies have shown that socially subordinate female rhesus monkeys consume fewer kilocalories than dominant animals when a typical laboratory chow diet is available. However, ...

    Abstract Social subordination in macaque females is a known chronic stressor and previous studies have shown that socially subordinate female rhesus monkeys consume fewer kilocalories than dominant animals when a typical laboratory chow diet is available. However, in a rich dietary environment that provides access to chow in combination with a more palatable diet (i.e. high in fat and refined sugar), subordinate animals consume significantly more daily kilocalories than dominant conspecifics. Substantial literature is available supporting the role of stress hormone signals in shaping dietary preferences and promoting the consumption of palatable, energy-dense foods. The present study was conducted using stable groups of adult female rhesus monkeys to test the hypothesis that pharmacological treatment with a brain penetrable corticotrophin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1) antagonist would attenuate the stress-induced consumption of a palatable diet among subordinate animals in a rich dietary environment but would be without effect in dominant females. The results show that administration of the CRF1 receptor antagonist significantly reduced daily caloric intake of both available diets among subordinate females compared to dominant females. Importantly, multiple regression analyses showed that the attenuation in caloric intake in response to Antalarmin (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) was significantly predicted by the frequency of submissive and aggressive behaviour emitted by females, independent of social status. Taken together, the findings support the involvement of activation of CRF1 receptors in the stress-induced consumption of excess calories in a rich dietary environment and also support the growing literature concerning the importance of CRF for sustaining emotional feeding.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Pyrroles/pharmacology ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors
    Chemical Substances Pyrimidines ; Pyrroles ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; antalarmin ; CRF receptor type 1 (5CLY6W2H1M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1007517-3
    ISSN 1365-2826 ; 0953-8194
    ISSN (online) 1365-2826
    ISSN 0953-8194
    DOI 10.1111/jne.12232
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Subtractions, conjunctions, and interactions in experimental design of activation studies.

    Price, C J / Moore, C J / Friston, K J

    Human brain mapping

    2010  Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 264–272

    Abstract: This paper contrasts different experimental designs for revealing the neural correlates of phonological retrieval (i.e., naming). Cognitive subtraction designs require a minimum of one task pair and the comparison between tasks reveals the differing ... ...

    Abstract This paper contrasts different experimental designs for revealing the neural correlates of phonological retrieval (i.e., naming). Cognitive subtraction designs require a minimum of one task pair and the comparison between tasks reveals the differing functional task components. Conjunction analysis requires a minimum of two task pairs, each differing by the same component, and this component is revealed as the difference which is common to both task pairs. Two different limitations of cognitive subtraction are highlighted: 1) the difficulty of finding baseline tasks that activate all but the process of interest, and 2) activation differences (between the two tasks of a pair) include the interaction term, i.e., the effect that the added component in the activation task has on preexisting components. The problem of baseline selection can be overcome by conjunction analysis, for which there may be many processing differences for each task pair, providing that the only common difference between pairs is the component of interest. The problem of interactions can be overcome when the experimental design is factorial. This permits the effect that an added component has on the expression of preexisting components (i.e., the interaction term) to be evaluated explicitly. We demonstrate that when the design is factorial, conjunction analysis reveals commonalities in activation, while the interactions reveal task-specific effects.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1197207-5
    ISSN 1097-0193 ; 1065-9471
    ISSN (online) 1097-0193
    ISSN 1065-9471
    DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:4<264::AID-HBM11>3.0.CO;2-E
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Maternal executive function, infant feeding responsiveness and infant growth during the first 3 months.

    Fuglestad, A J / Demerath, E W / Finsaas, M C / Moore, C J / Georgieff, M K / Carlson, S M

    Pediatric obesity

    2017  Volume 12 Suppl 1, Page(s) 102–110

    Abstract: Background: There is limited research in young infants, particularly <3 months of age, on maternal feeding practices in spite of increasing evidence that early weight gain velocity is a determinant of later obesity risk.: Objective: To examine ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is limited research in young infants, particularly <3 months of age, on maternal feeding practices in spite of increasing evidence that early weight gain velocity is a determinant of later obesity risk.
    Objective: To examine associations between maternal executive function (cognitive control over one's own behaviour), maternal feeding decisions and infant weight and adiposity gains.
    Methods: We used a checklist to assess cues mothers use to decide when to initiate and terminate infant feedings at 2 weeks and 3 months of age (N = 69). Maternal executive function was assessed using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery subtests for executive function and infant body composition using air displacement plethysmography.
    Results: Mothers with higher executive function reported relying on fewer non-satiety cues at 2 weeks of age (β = -0.29, p = 0.037) and on more infant hunger cues at 3 months of age (β = 0.31, p = 0.018) in their decisions on initiating and terminating feedings. Responsive feeding decisions, specifically the use of infant-based hunger cues at 3 months, in turn were associated with lower gains in weight-for-length (β = -0.30, p = 0.028) and percent body fat (β = -0.2, p = 0.091; non-covariate adjusted β = -0.27, p = 0.029).
    Conclusions: These findings show both an association between maternal executive function and responsive feeding decisions and an association between responsive feeding decisions and infant weight and adiposity gains. The causal nature and direction of these associations require further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Adiposity/physiology ; Adult ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Child Development/physiology ; Cues ; Executive Function/physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mothers ; Plethysmography ; Weight Gain/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2655527-X
    ISSN 2047-6310 ; 2047-6302
    ISSN (online) 2047-6310
    ISSN 2047-6302
    DOI 10.1111/ijpo.12226
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Automated delineation of radiotherapy volumes: are we going in the right direction?

    Whitfield, G A / Price, P / Price, G J / Moore, C J

    The British journal of radiology

    2012  Volume 86, Issue 1021, Page(s) 20110718

    Abstract: Rapid and accurate delineation of target volumes and multiple organs at risk, within the enduring International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement framework, is now hugely important in radiotherapy, owing to the rapid proliferation of ... ...

    Abstract Rapid and accurate delineation of target volumes and multiple organs at risk, within the enduring International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement framework, is now hugely important in radiotherapy, owing to the rapid proliferation of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and the advent of four-dimensional image-guided adaption. Nevertheless, delineation is still generally clinically performed with little if any machine assistance, even though it is both time-consuming and prone to interobserver variation. Currently available segmentation tools include those based on image greyscale interrogation, statistical shape modelling and body atlas-based methods. However, all too often these are not able to match the accuracy of the expert clinician, which remains the universally acknowledged gold standard. In this article we suggest that current methods are fundamentally limited by their lack of ability to incorporate essential human clinical decision-making into the underlying models. Hybrid techniques that utilise prior knowledge, make sophisticated use of greyscale information and allow clinical expertise to be integrated are needed. This may require a change in focus from automated segmentation to machine-assisted delineation. Similarly, new metrics of image quality reflecting fitness for purpose would be extremely valuable. We conclude that methods need to be developed to take account of the clinician's expertise and honed visual processing capabilities as much as the underlying, clinically meaningful information content of the image data being interrogated. We illustrate our observations and suggestions through our own experiences with two software tools developed as part of research council-funded projects.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence/trends ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods ; Pattern Recognition, Automated/trends ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/trends ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided/methods ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided/trends ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2982-8
    ISSN 1748-880X ; 0007-1285
    ISSN (online) 1748-880X
    ISSN 0007-1285
    DOI 10.1259/bjr.20110718
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  10. Article ; Online: Real-time optical measurement of the dynamic body surface for use in guided radiotherapy.

    Price, G J / Parkhurst, J M / Sharrock, P J / Moore, C J

    Physics in medicine and biology

    2011  Volume 57, Issue 2, Page(s) 415–436

    Abstract: Optical measurements are increasingly used in radiotherapy. In this paper we present, in detail, the design and implementation of a multi-channel optical system optimized for fast, high spatial resolution, dynamic body surface measurement in guided ... ...

    Abstract Optical measurements are increasingly used in radiotherapy. In this paper we present, in detail, the design and implementation of a multi-channel optical system optimized for fast, high spatial resolution, dynamic body surface measurement in guided therapy. We include all algorithmic modifications and calibration procedures required to create a robust, practical system for clinical use. Comprehensive static and dynamic phantom validation measurements in the radiotherapy treatment room show: conformance with simultaneously measured cone beam CT data to within 1 mm over 62% ± 8% of the surface and 2 mm over 90% ± 3%; agreement with the measured radius of a precision geometrical phantom to within 1 mm; and true real-time performance with image capture through to surface display at 23 Hz. An example patient dataset is additionally included, indicating similar performance in the clinic.
    MeSH term(s) Body Surface Area ; Calibration ; Humans ; Optical Phenomena ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Software ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208857-5
    ISSN 1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
    ISSN (online) 1361-6560
    ISSN 0031-9155
    DOI 10.1088/0031-9155/57/2/415
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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