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Article ; Online: Getting ahead of climate change for ecological adaptation and resilience.

Moore, Jonathan W / Schindler, Daniel E

2022 Volume 376, Issue 6600, Page(s) 1421–1426

Abstract: Changing the course of Earth's climate is increasingly urgent, but there is also a concurrent need for proactive stewardship of the adaptive capacity of the rapidly changing biosphere. Adaptation ultimately underpins the resilience of Earth's complex ... ...

Abstract	Changing the course of Earth's climate is increasingly urgent, but there is also a concurrent need for proactive stewardship of the adaptive capacity of the rapidly changing biosphere. Adaptation ultimately underpins the resilience of Earth's complex systems; species, communities, and ecosystems shift and evolve over time. Yet oncoming changes will seriously challenge current natural resource management and conservation efforts. We review forward-looking conservation approaches to enable adaptation and resilience. Key opportunities include expanding beyond preservationist approaches by including those that enable and facilitate ecological change. Conservation should not just focus on climate change losers but also on proactive management of emerging opportunities. Local efforts to conserve biodiversity and generate habitat complexity will also help to maintain a diversity of future options for an unpredictable future.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Biological ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Natural Resources
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abo3608
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Article ; Online: Habitat modulates population-level responses of freshwater salmon growth to a century of change in climate and competition.

Price, Michael H H / Moore, Jonathan W / McKinnell, Skip / Connors, Brendan M / Reynolds, John D

Global change biology

2024 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) e17095

Abstract: The impacts of climate change are widespread and threaten natural systems globally. Yet, within regions, heterogeneous physical landscapes can differentially filter climate, leading to local response diversity. For example, it is possible that while ... ...

Abstract	The impacts of climate change are widespread and threaten natural systems globally. Yet, within regions, heterogeneous physical landscapes can differentially filter climate, leading to local response diversity. For example, it is possible that while freshwater lakes are sensitive to climate change, they may exhibit a diversity of thermal responses owing to their unique morphology, which in turn can differentially affect the growth and survival of vulnerable biota such as fishes. In particular, salmonids are cold-water fishes with complex life histories shaped by diverse freshwater habitats that are sensitive to warming temperatures. Here we examine the influence of habitat on the growth of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in nursery lakes of Canada's Skeena River watershed over a century of change in regional temperature and intraspecific competition. We found that freshwater growth has generally increased over the last century. While growth tended to be higher in years with relatively higher summer air temperatures (a proxy for lake temperature), long-term increases in growth appear largely influenced by reduced competition. However, habitat played an important role in modulating the effect of high temperature. Specifically, growth was positively associated with rising temperatures in relatively deep (>50 m) nursery lakes, whereas warmer temperatures were not associated with a change in growth for fish among shallow lakes. The influence of temperature on growth also was modulated by glacier extent whereby the growth of fish from lakes situated in watersheds with little (i.e., <5%) glacier cover increased with rising temperatures, but decreased with rising temperatures for fish in lakes within more glaciated watersheds. Maintaining the integrity of an array of freshwater habitats-and the processes that generate and maintain them-will help foster a diverse climate-response portfolio for important fish species, which in turn can ensure that salmon watersheds are resilient to future environmental change.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Salmon/physiology ; Fishes ; Rivers ; Lakes ; Ecosystem ; Climate Change
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.17095
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Article: Physiological condition infers habitat choice in juvenile sockeye salmon.

LoScerbo, Daniella C / Wilson, Samantha M / Robinson, Kendra A / Moore, Jonathan W / Patterson, David A

Conservation physiology

2024 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) coae011

Abstract: The amount of time that juvenile salmon remain in an estuary varies among and within populations, with some individuals passing through their estuary in hours while others remain in the estuary for several months. Underlying differences in individual ... ...

Abstract	The amount of time that juvenile salmon remain in an estuary varies among and within populations, with some individuals passing through their estuary in hours while others remain in the estuary for several months. Underlying differences in individual physiological condition, such as body size, stored energy and osmoregulatory function, could drive individual variation in the selection of estuary habitat. Here we investigated the role of variation in physiological condition on the selection of estuarine and ocean habitat by sockeye salmon (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721508-8
ISSN	2051-1434
ISSN	2051-1434
DOI	10.1093/conphys/coae011
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Article: The role of large, glaciated tributaries in cooling an important Pacific salmon migration corridor: a study of the Babine River

Pitman, Kara J. / Moore, Jonathan W.

Environmental biology of fishes. 2021 Oct., v. 104, no. 10

2021

Abstract: Climate change and its associated symptoms, such as warming air temperatures, glacier retreat, reduced snowpack, and increased variability in precipitation, are warming rivers and lakes. Such warming water temperatures threaten cold-water fishes in some ... ...

Abstract	Climate change and its associated symptoms, such as warming air temperatures, glacier retreat, reduced snowpack, and increased variability in precipitation, are warming rivers and lakes. Such warming water temperatures threaten cold-water fishes in some regions. For instance, warm water temperatures can kill or harm anadromous Pacific salmon as they migrate upstream to spawning grounds. In this study, we assessed how tributaries, and their relative watershed properties, shape temporal and spatial dynamics of temperatures during the summer months in a salmon migratory river. We focused on the mainstem of the Babine River of British Columbia, an important migratory corridor for steelhead and the five eastern Pacific salmon species, but particularly for sockeye salmon that spawn in stream reaches above the Babine Lake, at the river’s headwaters. We discovered that large glacier- and snowpack-fed tributaries cooled the Babine River by approximately 2 °C over its 96 km length. Different tributaries played different temperature functions. Cooler and more glacierized rivers were associated with a bigger change in temperature between upstream and downstream sites. Understanding how water temperatures change during adult salmon migration, especially within riverscapes on the edge of potentially harmful temperatures, can help inform proactive management options in a warming world.
Keywords	Oncorhynchus nerka ; adults ; air ; anadromous fish ; climate change ; glaciers ; lakes ; migratory behavior ; rivers ; salmon ; snowpack ; streams ; summer ; temperature ; water ; watersheds ; British Columbia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Size	p. 1263-1277.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	196790-3
ISSN	1573-5133 ; 0378-1909
ISSN (online)	1573-5133
ISSN	0378-1909
DOI	10.1007/s10641-021-01152-1
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Article ; Online: Whole-system perspectives in rivers: insights and implications.

Moore, Jonathan W

Integrated environmental assessment and management

2015 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 335–336

MeSH term(s)	Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Environmental Monitoring ; Rivers
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2234931-5
ISSN	1551-3793 ; 1551-3777
ISSN (online)	1551-3793
ISSN	1551-3777
DOI	10.1002/ieam.1624
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Article: Marine and freshwater regime changes impact a community of migratory Pacific salmonids in decline

Wilson, Kyle L. / Bailey, Colin J. / Davies, Trevor D. / Moore, Jonathan W.

Global change biology. 2022 Jan., v. 28, no. 1

2022

Abstract: Marine and freshwater ecosystems are increasingly at risk of large and cascading changes from multiple human activities (termed “regime shifts”), which can impact population productivity, resilience, and ecosystem structure. Pacific salmon exhibit ... ...

Abstract	Marine and freshwater ecosystems are increasingly at risk of large and cascading changes from multiple human activities (termed “regime shifts”), which can impact population productivity, resilience, and ecosystem structure. Pacific salmon exhibit persistent and large fluctuations in their population dynamics driven by combinations of intrinsic (e.g., density dependence) and extrinsic factors (e.g., ecosystem changes, species interactions). In recent years, many Pacific salmon have declined due to regime shifts but clear understanding of the processes driving these changes remains elusive. Here, we unpacked the role of density dependence, ecosystem trends, and stochasticity on productivity regimes for a community of five anadromous Pacific salmonids (Steelhead, Coho Salmon, Pink Salmon, Dolly Varden, and Coastal Cutthroat Trout) across a rich 40‐year time‐series. We used a Bayesian multivariate state‐space model to examine whether productivity shifts had similarly occurred across the community and explored marine or freshwater changes associated with those shifts. Overall, we identified three productivity regimes: an early regime (1976–1990), a compensatory regime (1991–2009), and a declining regime (since 2010) where large declines were observed for Steelhead, Dolly Varden, and Cutthroat Trout, intermediate declines in Coho and no change in Pink Salmon. These regime changes were associated with multiple cumulative effects across the salmon life cycle. For example, increased seal densities and ocean competition were associated with lower adult marine survival in Steelhead. Watershed logging also intensified over the past 40 years and was associated with (all else equal) ≥97% declines in freshwater productivity for Steelhead, Cutthroat, and Coho. For Steelhead, marine and freshwater dynamics played approximately equal roles in explaining trends in total productivity. Collectively, these changing environments limited juvenile production and lowered future adult returns. These results reveal how changes in freshwater and marine environments can jointly shape population dynamics among ecological communities, like Pacific salmon, with cascading consequences to their resilience.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; Oncorhynchus clarkii ; Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ; Oncorhynchus kisutch ; Salvelinus malma ; adults ; anadromous fish ; freshwater ; global change ; humans ; juveniles ; migratory behavior ; models ; population dynamics ; risk ; salmon ; seals ; time series analysis ; watersheds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 72-85.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15895
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Article: Resource pulses increase the diversity of successful competitors in a multi‐species stream fish assemblage

Bailey, Colin J / Moore, Jonathan W

Ecosphere. 2020 Sept., v. 11, no. 9

2020

Abstract: Food resources are often patchily distributed through space and time and are classified as resource pulses when hyperabundant. Resource pulses can benefit growth, reproduction, and abundance of various consumers. Yet, it is relatively unknown how such ... ...

Abstract	Food resources are often patchily distributed through space and time and are classified as resource pulses when hyperabundant. Resource pulses can benefit growth, reproduction, and abundance of various consumers. Yet, it is relatively unknown how such resources are partitioned among competing consumers and how this is influenced by the magnitude of the pulse. Here, we examined how the magnitude of a pulsed resource influences resource partitioning among diverse sizes and species of consumers in a natural setting over small spatial and temporal scales. We focused on salmon egg subsidies to stream fish consumers. We experimentally added different quantities of pink salmon eggs to five meter long experimental stream sections. Egg additions spanned three orders of magnitude from 6 to 3575 eggs. Stream fish (egg consumers) were captured and gastric lavaged at each experimental section to determine how many eggs each individual fish consumed. We modeled taxon‐specific individual egg consumption as a function of egg availability, individual mass, community composition, number of competitors, and stream velocity using hurdle models in a Bayesian framework. We found that there were diminishing returns for increasing egg abundance increasing egg consumption (i.e., type II functional response) for individual size classes of fish, but that higher egg numbers were needed to benefit diverse consumers. Top models indicated that egg availability and individual fish characteristics (size and taxon) drove egg consumption, while community characteristics (species composition and number of competitors) were not supported. Our results suggest that resource pulses can provide rare opportunities for less dominant sizes and species of fish to consume abundant resources. The current paradigm in the stream fish literature suggests that stream fish communities are structured by dominance hierarchies; however, dominance hierarchies may be less influential where pulsed resources comprise a large portion of the resource base.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ; community structure ; eggs ; fish communities ; functional response models ; reproduction ; salmon ; space and time ; species diversity ; streams
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-09
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2572257-8
ISSN	2150-8925
ISSN	2150-8925
DOI	10.1002/ecs2.3211
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Article ; Online: Changing estuaries and impacts on juvenile salmon: A systematic review.

Hodgson, Emma E / Wilson, Samantha M / Moore, Jonathan W

Global change biology

2020 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 1986–2001

Abstract: Estuaries are productive ecosystems providing important habitat for a diversity of species, yet they also experience intense levels of anthropogenic development. To inform decision-making, it is essential to understand the pathways of impacts of ... ...

Abstract	Estuaries are productive ecosystems providing important habitat for a diversity of species, yet they also experience intense levels of anthropogenic development. To inform decision-making, it is essential to understand the pathways of impacts of particular human activities, especially those that affect species such as salmon, which have high ecological, social-cultural and economic values. Salmon systems provide an opportunity to build from the substantial body of research on responses to estuary developments and take stock of what is known. We conducted a systematic English-language literature review on the responses of juvenile salmon to anthropogenic activities in estuaries and nearshore areas asking: what has been studied, where are the major knowledge gaps and how do stressors affect salmon? We found a substantial body of research (n = 167 studies; 1,369 comparative tests) to help understand responses of juvenile salmon to 24 activities and their 14 stressors. Across studies, 82% of the research was conducted in the eastern Pacific (Oregon and Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada) showing a limited geographical scope. Using a semiquantitative approach to summarize the literature, including a weight-of-evidence metric, we found a range of results from low to moderate-high confidence in the consequences of the stressors. For example, we found moderate-high confidence in the negative impacts of pollutants and sea lice and moderate confidence in negative impacts from connectivity loss and changes in flow. Our results suggest that overall, multiple anthropogenic activities cause negative impacts across ecological scales. However, our results also reveal knowledge gaps resulting from minimal research on particular species (e.g. sockeye salmon), regions (e.g. Atlantic) or stressors (e.g. entrainment) that would be expedient areas for future research. With estuaries acting as a nexus of biological and societal importance and hotspots of ongoing development, the insights gained here can contribute to informed decision-making.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.14997
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Article ; Online: Marine and freshwater regime changes impact a community of migratory Pacific salmonids in decline.

Wilson, Kyle L / Bailey, Colin J / Davies, Trevor D / Moore, Jonathan W

Global change biology

2021 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 72–85

Abstract: Marine and freshwater ecosystems are increasingly at risk of large and cascading changes from multiple human activities (termed "regime shifts"), which can impact population productivity, resilience, and ecosystem structure. Pacific salmon exhibit ... ...

Abstract	Marine and freshwater ecosystems are increasingly at risk of large and cascading changes from multiple human activities (termed "regime shifts"), which can impact population productivity, resilience, and ecosystem structure. Pacific salmon exhibit persistent and large fluctuations in their population dynamics driven by combinations of intrinsic (e.g., density dependence) and extrinsic factors (e.g., ecosystem changes, species interactions). In recent years, many Pacific salmon have declined due to regime shifts but clear understanding of the processes driving these changes remains elusive. Here, we unpacked the role of density dependence, ecosystem trends, and stochasticity on productivity regimes for a community of five anadromous Pacific salmonids (Steelhead, Coho Salmon, Pink Salmon, Dolly Varden, and Coastal Cutthroat Trout) across a rich 40-year time-series. We used a Bayesian multivariate state-space model to examine whether productivity shifts had similarly occurred across the community and explored marine or freshwater changes associated with those shifts. Overall, we identified three productivity regimes: an early regime (1976-1990), a compensatory regime (1991-2009), and a declining regime (since 2010) where large declines were observed for Steelhead, Dolly Varden, and Cutthroat Trout, intermediate declines in Coho and no change in Pink Salmon. These regime changes were associated with multiple cumulative effects across the salmon life cycle. For example, increased seal densities and ocean competition were associated with lower adult marine survival in Steelhead. Watershed logging also intensified over the past 40 years and was associated with (all else equal) ≥97% declines in freshwater productivity for Steelhead, Cutthroat, and Coho. For Steelhead, marine and freshwater dynamics played approximately equal roles in explaining trends in total productivity. Collectively, these changing environments limited juvenile production and lowered future adult returns. These results reveal how changes in freshwater and marine environments can jointly shape population dynamics among ecological communities, like Pacific salmon, with cascading consequences to their resilience.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Humans ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Salmon
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15895
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Article ; Online: Mining stakes claim on salmon futures as glaciers retreat.

Moore, Jonathan W / Pitman, Kara J / Whited, Diane / Marsden, Naxginkw Tara / Sexton, Erin K / Sergeant, Christopher J / Connor, Mark

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 382, Issue 6673, Page(s) 887–889

Abstract: Future ecological value of emerging habitats must be considered as climate change transforms the planet. ...

Abstract	Future ecological value of emerging habitats must be considered as climate change transforms the planet.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Ice Cover ; Salmon ; Mining ; Animal Migration ; Canada ; Environmental Policy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.adj4911
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