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Article ; Online: Virus infection of phytoplankton increases average molar mass and reduces hygroscopicity of aerosolized organic matter.

Diaz, Ben P / Gallo, Francesca / Moore, Richard H / Bidle, Kay D

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 7361

Abstract: Viral infection of phytoplankton is a pervasive mechanism of cell death and bloom termination, which leads to the production of dissolved and colloidal organic matter that can be aerosolized into the atmosphere. Earth-observing satellites can track the ... ...

Abstract	Viral infection of phytoplankton is a pervasive mechanism of cell death and bloom termination, which leads to the production of dissolved and colloidal organic matter that can be aerosolized into the atmosphere. Earth-observing satellites can track the growth and death of phytoplankton blooms on weekly time scales but the impact of viral infection on the cloud forming potential of associated aerosols is largely unknown. Here, we determine the influence of viral-derived organic matter, purified viruses, and marine hydrogels on the cloud condensation nuclei activity of their aerosolized solutions, compared to organic exudates from healthy phytoplankton. Dissolved organic material derived from exponentially growing and infected cells of well-characterized eukaryotic phytoplankton host-virus systems, including viruses from diatoms, coccolithophores and chlorophytes, was concentrated, desalted, and nebulized to form aerosol particles composed of primarily of organic matter. Aerosols from infected phytoplankton cultures resulted in an increase in critical activation diameter and average molar mass in three out of five combinations evaluated, along with a decrease in organic kappa (hygroscopicity) compared to healthy cultures and seawater controls. The infected samples also displayed evidence of increased surface tension depression at realistic cloud water vapor supersaturations. Amending the samples with xanthan gum to simulate marine hydrogels increased variability in organic kappa and surface tension in aerosols with high organic to salt ratios. Our findings suggest that the pulses of increased dissolved organic matter associated with viral infection in surface waters may increase the molar mass of dissolved organic compounds relative to surface waters occupied by healthy phytoplankton or low phytoplankton biomass.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Phytoplankton/metabolism ; Wettability ; Atmosphere ; Seawater ; Virus Diseases ; Aerosols
Chemical Substances	Aerosols
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-33818-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Promoting transdisciplinary learning through a summer course on climate, water, and agriculture

Lekies, Kristi S. / Moore, Richard H.

Natural sciences education. 2020, v. 49, no. 1

2020

Abstract: Transdisciplinary approaches increasingly are needed to address complex environmental problems. Students can benefit from research and learning opportunities in which they investigate issues, integrate knowledge across disciplines, engage with ... ...

Abstract	Transdisciplinary approaches increasingly are needed to address complex environmental problems. Students can benefit from research and learning opportunities in which they investigate issues, integrate knowledge across disciplines, engage with stakeholders, collaborate with others, and devise solutions. This paper presents information on a 1‐week intensive transdisciplinary course focused on climate, water, and agriculture for undergraduate and graduate students. The course, which was held at The Ohio State University's Stone Laboratory on Lake Erie, was offered over 3 years and utilized the local and regional context for investigation and inquiry. Presentations, discussions, experiential and field activities, and guest presentations were used as a way to promote student learning. Students felt positive about their participation and rated the transdisciplinary aspects of the course highly. Ideas from this course can be used to develop similar courses and learning experiences in other settings and on other environmental topics. Instructors are encouraged to utilize campus and local resources, recruit students from a diversity of disciplines, and align content and activities to build transdisciplinary skills.
Keywords	climate ; education ; stakeholders ; summer ; Lake Erie ; Ohio
Language	English
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2698726-0
ISSN	2168-8281 ; 2168-8273
ISSN (online)	2168-8281
ISSN	2168-8273
DOI	10.1002/nse2.20023
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Climate Change and Pest Management: Unanticipated Consequences of Trophic Dislocation

Taylor, R. A. J / Herms, Daniel A / Cardina, John / Moore, Richard H

Agronomy. 2018 Jan. 17, v. 8, no. 1

2018

Abstract: The growth of plants and insects occurs only above a minimum temperature threshold. In insects, the growth rate depends on the temperature above the threshold up to a maximum. In plants the growth rate above the threshold generally depends on the ... ...

Abstract	The growth of plants and insects occurs only above a minimum temperature threshold. In insects, the growth rate depends on the temperature above the threshold up to a maximum. In plants the growth rate above the threshold generally depends on the availability of sunlight. Thus, the relative growth rates of crops and insect phytophages are expected to differ between temperature regimes. We should therefore expect insect pest pressure at a location to change with climate warming. In this study, we used actual and simulated climate data developed for the IPCC 4th Assessment Report to drive linked plant and insect growth models to examine likely changes in insect-crop interaction. Projections of insect-crop dynamics through the 21st century suggest increases in pest pressure over much of the American Midwest, which could result in substantial increases in pesticide use to maintain productivity. Thus, climate warming could cause an increase in agriculture’s carbon footprint.
Keywords	carbon footprint ; crops ; global warming ; growth models ; insect growth ; insect pests ; meteorological data ; pesticides ; plant growth ; solar radiation ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0117
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2607043-1
ISSN	2073-4395
ISSN	2073-4395
DOI	10.3390/agronomy8010007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: Long-range transported continental aerosol in the eastern North Atlantic

Gallo, Francesca / Uin, Janek / Sanchez, Kevin J. / Moore, Richard H. / Wang, Jian / Wood, Robert / Mei, Fan / Flynn, Connor / Springston, Stephen / Azevedo, Eduardo B. / Kuang, Chongai / Aiken, Allison C.

eISSN: 1680-7324

three multiday event regimes influence cloud condensation nuclei

2023

Abstract: The eastern North Atlantic (ENA) is a region dominated by pristine marine environment and subtropical marine boundary layer clouds. Under unperturbed atmospheric conditions, the regional aerosol regime in the ENA varies seasonally due to different ... ...

Abstract	The eastern North Atlantic (ENA) is a region dominated by pristine marine environment and subtropical marine boundary layer clouds. Under unperturbed atmospheric conditions, the regional aerosol regime in the ENA varies seasonally due to different seasonal surface-ocean biogenic emissions, removal processes, and meteorological regimes. However, during periods when the marine boundary layer aerosol in the ENA is impacted by particles transported from continental sources, aerosol properties within the marine boundary layer change significantly, affecting the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Here, we investigate the impact of long-range transported continental aerosol on the regional aerosol regime in the ENA using data collected at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility on Graciosa Island in 2017 during the Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) campaign. We develop an algorithm that integrates number concentrations of particles with optical particle dry diameter ( D p ) between 100 and 1000 nm, single scattering albedo, and black carbon concentration to identify multiday events (with duration > 24 consecutive hours) of long-range continental aerosol transport in the ENA. In 2017, we detected nine multiday events of long-range transported particles that correspond to ∼ 7.5 % of the year. For each event, we perform HYSPLIT 10 d backward trajectories analysis, and we evaluate CALIPSO aerosol products to assess, respectively, the origins and compositions of aerosol particles arriving at the ENA site. Subsequently, we group the events into three categories, (1) mixture of dust and marine aerosols, (2) mixture of marine and polluted continental aerosols from industrialized areas, and (3) biomass burning aerosol from North America and Canada, and we evaluate their influence on aerosol population and cloud condensation nuclei in terms of potential activation fraction and concentrations at supersaturation of 0.1 % and ...
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book: Biology of fishes

Bone, Q / Moore, Richard H

2008

Author's details	Quentin Bone, Richard H. Moore
Keywords	Fishes. ; Fishes/Physiology. ; Fishes/Anatomy. ; Fishes/Ecology.
Language	English
Size	xv, 478 p. :, ill., maps ;, 25 cm.
Edition	3rd ed., Thoroughly updated and rev.
Publisher	Taylor & Francis
Publishing place	New York
Document type	Book
ISBN	9780415375627 ; 0415375622
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book: Biology of fishes

Bone, Quentin / Moore, Richard H

2008

Author's details	Quentin Bone and Richard H. Moore
Keywords	Fishes ; Fishes/Anatomy ; Fishes/Ecology ; Fishes/Physiology
Language	English
Size	XV, 478 S., Ill., graph. Darst.
Edition	3. ed.
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Publishing place	New York, NY
Document type	Book
Note	Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN	9780415375627 ; 0415375622
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article: Aerosol responses to precipitation along North American air trajectories arriving at Bermuda.

Dadashazar, Hossein / Alipanah, Majid / Hilario, Miguel Ricardo A / Crosbie, Ewan / Kirschler, Simon / Liu, Hongyu / Moore, Richard H / Peters, Andrew J / Scarino, Amy Jo / Shook, Michael / Thornhill, K Lee / Voigt, Christiane / Wang, Hailong / Winstead, Edward / Zhang, Bo / Ziemba, Luke / Sorooshian, Armin

Atmospheric chemistry and physics

2021 Volume 21, Issue 21, Page(s) 16121–16141

Abstract: North American pollution outflow is ubiquitous over the western North Atlantic Ocean, especially in winter, making this location a suitable natural laboratory for investigating the impact of precipitation on aerosol particles along air mass trajectories. ...

Abstract	North American pollution outflow is ubiquitous over the western North Atlantic Ocean, especially in winter, making this location a suitable natural laboratory for investigating the impact of precipitation on aerosol particles along air mass trajectories. We take advantage of observational data collected at Bermuda to seasonally assess the sensitivity of aerosol mass concentrations and volume size distributions to accumulated precipitation along trajectories (APT). The mass concentration of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm normalized by the enhancement of carbon monoxide above background (PM
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1680-7316
ISSN	1680-7316
DOI	10.5194/acp-21-16121-2021
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Evaluation of simulated cloud liquid water in low clouds over the Beaufort Sea in the Arctic System Reanalysis using ARISE airborne in situ observations

Dodson, J. Brant / Taylor, Patrick C. / Moore, Richard H. / Bromwich, David H. / Hines, Keith M. / Thornhill, Kenneth L. / Corr, Chelsea A. / Anderson, Bruce E. / Winstead, Edward L. / Bennett, Joseph R.

eISSN: 1680-7324

2021

Abstract: Arctic low clouds and the water they contain influence the evolution of the Arctic system through their effects on radiative fluxes, boundary layer mixing, stability, turbulence, humidity, and precipitation. Atmospheric models struggle to accurately ... ...

Abstract	Arctic low clouds and the water they contain influence the evolution of the Arctic system through their effects on radiative fluxes, boundary layer mixing, stability, turbulence, humidity, and precipitation. Atmospheric models struggle to accurately simulate the occurrence and properties of Arctic low clouds, stemming from errors in both the simulated atmospheric state and the dependence of cloud properties on the atmospheric state. Knowledge of the contributions from these two factors to the model errors allows for the isolation of the process contributions to the model–observation differences. We analyze the differences between the Arctic System Reanalysis version 2 (ASR) and data taken during the September 2014 Arctic Radiation–IceBridge Sea and Ice Experiment (ARISE) airborne campaign conducted over the Beaufort Sea. The results show that ASR produces less total and liquid cloud water than observed along the flight track and is unable to simulate observed large in-cloud water content. Contributing to this bias, ASR is warmer by nearly 1.5 K and drier by 0.06 g kg −1 (relative humidity 4.3 % lower) than observed. Moreover, ASR produces cloud water over a much narrower range of thermodynamic conditions than shown in ARISE observations. Analyzing the ARISE–ASR differences by thermodynamic conditions, our results indicate that the differences are primarily attributed to disagreements in the cloud–thermodynamic relationships and secondarily (but importantly) to differences in the occurrence frequency of thermodynamic regimes. The ratio of the factors is about <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>/</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="3496efcea5f297ee507fe8b4bd2d4fd4"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-11563-2021-ie00001.svg" width="20pt" height="14pt" src="acp-21-11563-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="a2be1d1d9b3c2910c3318c1e72da9686"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-11563-2021-ie00002.svg" width="20pt" height="14pt" src="acp-21-11563-2021-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> . Substantial sampling uncertainties are found within low-likelihood atmospheric regimes; sampling noise cannot be ruled out as a cause of observation–model differences, despite large differences. Thus, an important lesson from this analysis is that when comparing in situ airborne data and model output, one should not restrict the comparison to flight-track-only model output.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-03
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North-Atlantic Ocean

eISSN:

2023

Abstract: Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- and microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds in current climate models remains a challenge. One of the regions with large intermodel spread in the ... ...

Abstract	Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- and microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds in current climate models remains a challenge. One of the regions with large intermodel spread in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 ensemble is the western North Atlantic Ocean. Here, statistically representative in situ measurements can help to develop and constrain the parameterization of clouds in global models. To this end, we performed comprehensive measurements of boundary layer clouds, aerosol, trace gases, and radiation in the western North Atlantic Ocean during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) mission. In total, 174 research flights with 574 flight hours for cloud and precipitation measurements were performed with the HU-25 Falcon during three winter (February–March 2020, January–April 2021, and November 2021–March 2022) and three summer seasons (August–September 2020, May–June 2021, and May–June 2022). Here we present a statistical evaluation of 16 140 individual cloud events probed by the fast cloud droplet probe and the two-dimensional stereo cloud probe during 155 research flights in a representative and repetitive flight strategy allowing for robust statistical data analyses. We show that the vertical profiles of distributions of the liquid water content and the cloud droplet effective diameter (ED) increase with altitude in the marine boundary layer. Due to higher updraft speeds, higher cloud droplet number concentrations ( N liquid ) were measured in winter compared to summer despite lower cloud condensation nucleus abundance. Flight cloud cover derived from statistical analysis of in situ data is reduced in summer and shows large variability. This seasonal contrast in cloud coverage is consistent with a dominance of a synoptic pattern in winter that favors conditions for the formation of stratiform clouds at the western edge of cyclones (post-cyclonic). In contrast, a ...
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North Atlantic Ocean

eISSN: 1680-7324

2023

Abstract	Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- and microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds in current climate models remains a challenge. One of the regions with large intermodel spread in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 ensemble is the western North Atlantic Ocean. Here, statistically representative in situ measurements can help to develop and constrain the parameterization of clouds in global models. To this end, we performed comprehensive measurements of boundary layer clouds, aerosol, trace gases, and radiation in the western North Atlantic Ocean during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) mission. In total, 174 research flights with 574 flight hours for cloud and precipitation measurements were performed with the HU-25 Falcon during three winter (February–March 2020, January–April 2021, and November 2021–March 2022) and three summer seasons (August–September 2020, May–June 2021, and May–June 2022). Here we present a statistical evaluation of 16 140 individual cloud events probed by the fast cloud droplet probe and the two-dimensional stereo cloud probe during 155 research flights in a representative and repetitive flight strategy allowing for robust statistical data analyses. We show that the vertical profiles of distributions of the liquid water content and the cloud droplet effective diameter (ED) increase with altitude in the marine boundary layer. Due to higher updraft speeds, higher cloud droplet number concentrations ( N liquid ) were measured in winter compared to summer despite lower cloud condensation nucleus abundance. Flight cloud cover derived from statistical analysis of in situ data is reduced in summer and shows large variability. This seasonal contrast in cloud coverage is consistent with a dominance of a synoptic pattern in winter that favors conditions for the formation of stratiform clouds at the western edge of cyclones (post-cyclonic). In contrast, a ...
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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