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  1. Book ; Online ; Thesis: Soil phosphorus in the extremely arid Atacama Desert

    Moradi, Ghazal [Verfasser] / Klumpp, Erwin Akademischer Betreuer] / [Schäffer, Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer]

    2023  

    Author's details Ghazal Moradi ; Erwin Klumpp, Andreas Schäffer
    Keywords Geowissenschaften ; Earth Sciences
    Subject code sg550
    Language English
    Publisher Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen
    Publishing place Aachen
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
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  2. Article ; Online: Fog controls biological cycling of soil phosphorus in the Coastal Cordillera of the Atacama Desert.

    Sun, Xiaolei / Amelung, Wulf / Klumpp, Erwin / Walk, Janek / Mörchen, Ramona / Böhm, Christoph / Moradi, Ghazal / May, Simon Matthias / Tamburini, Federica / Wang, Ye / Bol, Roland

    Global change biology

    2024  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) e17068

    Abstract: Soils in hyper-arid climates, such as the Chilean Atacama Desert, show indications of past and present forms of life despite extreme water limitations. We hypothesize that fog plays a key role in sustaining life. In particular, we assume that fog water ... ...

    Abstract Soils in hyper-arid climates, such as the Chilean Atacama Desert, show indications of past and present forms of life despite extreme water limitations. We hypothesize that fog plays a key role in sustaining life. In particular, we assume that fog water is incorporated into soil nutrient cycles, with the inland limit of fog penetration corresponding to the threshold for biological cycling of soil phosphorus (P). We collected topsoil samples (0-10 cm) from each of 54 subsites, including sites in direct adjacency (<10 cm) and in 1 m distance to plants, along an aridity gradient across the Coastal Cordillera. Satellite-based fog detection revealed that Pacific fog penetrates up to 10 km inland, while inland sites at 10-23 km from the coast rely solely on sporadic rainfall for water supply. To assess biological P cycling we performed sequential P fractionation and determined oxygen isotope of HCl-extractable inorganic
    MeSH term(s) Soil ; Phosphorus ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Water ; Chile ; Desert Climate
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1281439-8
    ISSN 1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
    ISSN (online) 1365-2486
    ISSN 1354-1013
    DOI 10.1111/gcb.17068
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  3. Article: Microbial potential for denitrification in the hyperarid Atacama Desert soils

    Wu, Di / Senbayram, Mehmet / Moradi, Ghazal / Mörchen, Ramona / Knief, Claudia / Klumpp, Erwin / Jones, Davey L / Well, Reinhard / Chen, Ruirui / Bol, Roland

    Soil biology & biochemistry. 2021 June, v. 157

    2021  

    Abstract: The hyperarid soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile, contain the largest known nitrate deposits in the world. They also represent one of the most hostile environments for microbial life anywhere in the terrestrial biosphere. Despite known for its extreme ... ...

    Abstract The hyperarid soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile, contain the largest known nitrate deposits in the world. They also represent one of the most hostile environments for microbial life anywhere in the terrestrial biosphere. Despite known for its extreme dryness, several heavy rainfall events causing localised flash flooding have struck Atacama Desert core regions during the last five years. It remains unclear, however, whether these soils can support microbial denitrification. To answer this, we sampled soils along a hyperaridity gradient in the Atacama Desert and conducted incubation experiments using a robotized continuous flow system under a He/O₂ atmosphere. The impacts of four successive extreme weather events on soil-borne N₂O and N₂ emissions were investigated, i) water addition, ii) NO₃⁻ addition, iii) labile carbon (C) addition, and iv) oxygen depletion. The ¹⁵N–N₂O site-preference (SP) approach was further used to examine the source of N₂O produced. Extremely low N₂O fluxes were detected shortly after water and NO₃⁻ addition, whereas pronounced N₂O and N₂ emissions were recorded after labile-C (glucose) amendment in all soils. Under anoxia, N₂ emissions increased drastically while N₂O emissions decreased concomitantly, indicating the potential for complete denitrification at all sites. Although increasing aridity significantly reduced soil bacterial richness, microbial potential for denitrification and associated gene abundance (i.e., napA, narG, nirS, nirK, cnorB, qnorB and nosZ) was not affected. The N₂O¹⁵N site preference values based on two end-member model suggested that fungal and bacterial denitrification co-contributed to N₂O production in less arid sites, whereas bacterial denitrification dominated with increasing aridity. We conclude that soil denitrification functionality is preserved even with lowered microbial richness in the extreme hyperarid Atacama Desert. Future changes in land-use or extreme climate events therefore have a potential to destabilize the immense reserves of nitrate and induce significant N₂O losses in the region.
    Keywords biosphere ; climate ; denitrification ; dry environmental conditions ; fungi ; genes ; glucose ; hypoxia ; labile carbon ; land use ; models ; nitrates ; oxygen ; rain ; soil bacteria ; Chile
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-06
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 280810-9
    ISSN 0038-0717
    ISSN 0038-0717
    DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108248
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 2637: Show issues

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  4. Article: Contrasting depth distribution of colloid-associated phosphorus in the active and abandoned sections of an alluvial fan in a hyper-arid region of the Atacama Desert

    Moradi, Ghazal / Bol, Roland / Fuentes, Barbara / Klumpp, Erwin / Lehndorff, Eva / May, Simon M / Missong, Anna / Mörchen, Ramona / Trbojevic, Luka

    Global and planetary change. 2020 Jan., v. 185

    2020  

    Abstract: Colloids and their subset nanoparticles are key soil constituents for nutrient and Organic Carbon (OC) storage and transport, yet little is known about their specific role in overall transfer of elements under hyper-arid conditions. We analyzed the Water ...

    Abstract Colloids and their subset nanoparticles are key soil constituents for nutrient and Organic Carbon (OC) storage and transport, yet little is known about their specific role in overall transfer of elements under hyper-arid conditions. We analyzed the Water Dispersible Colloids (WDCs) of two adjacent soil profiles, located either on the active (named: Fan) or passive (named: Crust) sections of an alluvial fan. Colloidal particles (<500 nm) were fractionated using Asymmetric Field-Flow-Field Fractionation (AF4), which was coupled online to an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and an Organic Carbon Detector (OCD) to detect the composition of size-fractionated colloids. Three size categories of particles were identified: nanoparticles (0.6–24 nm), fine colloids (24–210 nm), and medium colloids (210–500 nm). The two profiles differed distinctively in vertical WDC distribution and associated phosphorus (P) content. Fractograms of the Crust profile predominantly showed fine colloids, whereas the medium-sized colloids dominated those of the Fan. Furthermore, the highest colloid content in the Crust profile was found at the surface, while in the Fan, colloids accumulated at 10–20 cm depth, thus overall reflecting the different genesis and infiltration capacities of the soils. Despite very low concentration of colloidal P in these hyper-arid soils, a strong correlation between colloidal P and calcium (Ca), Silica (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and OC content were found. This also revealed Ca-phosphates as the primary P retention from, with the association of P to phyllosilicates and Fe/Al (hydr-) oxides as the main soil colloidal fractions. Overall, our results did highlight that small local scale differences in topographic-derived distribution of water flow pathways, defined the formation of the crust-like surfaces, and ultimately the overall movement and distribution of nanoparticles and colloids in soil profiles under hyper-arid conditions.
    Keywords aluminum ; calcium ; colloids ; fractionation ; iron ; nanoparticles ; organic carbon ; phosphorus ; silica ; soil profiles ; spectrometers ; water flow
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2016967-X
    ISSN 0921-8181
    ISSN 0921-8181
    DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103090
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Influence of Physical-Chemical Soil Parameters on Microbiota Composition and Diversity in a Deep Hyperarid Core of the Atacama Desert.

    Fuentes, Bárbara / Choque, Alessandra / Gómez, Francisco / Alarcón, Jaime / Castro-Nallar, Eduardo / Arenas, Franko / Contreras, Daniel / Mörchen, Ramona / Amelung, Wulf / Knief, Claudia / Moradi, Ghazal / Klumpp, Erwin / Saavedra, Claudia P / Prietzel, Jörg / Klysubun, Wantana / Remonsellez, Francisco / Bol, Roland

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 794743

    Abstract: The extreme environmental conditions and lack of water on the soil surface in hyperarid deserts hamper microbial life, allowing only highly specialized microbial communities to the establish colonies and survive. Until now, the microbial communities that ...

    Abstract The extreme environmental conditions and lack of water on the soil surface in hyperarid deserts hamper microbial life, allowing only highly specialized microbial communities to the establish colonies and survive. Until now, the microbial communities that inhabit or have inhabited soils of hyperarid environments at greater depths have been poorly studied. We analyzed for the first time the variation in microbial communities down to a depth of 3.4 m in one of the driest places of the world, the hyperarid Yungay region in the Atacama Desert, and we related it to changes in soil physico-chemical characteristics. We found that the moisture content changed from 2 to 11% with depth and enabled the differentiation of three depth intervals: (i) surface zone A (0-60 cm), (ii) intermediate zone B (60-220 cm), and (iii) deep zone C (220-340 cm). Each zone showed further specific physicochemical and mineralogical features. Likewise, some bacterial phyla were unique in each zone, i.e., members of the taxa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794743
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  6. Article ; Online: Microbial potential for denitrification in the hyperarid Atacama Desert soils

    Wu, Di / Senbayram, Mehmet / Moradi, Ghazal / Mörchen, Ramona / Knief, Claudia / Klumpp, Erwin / Jones, Davey L. / Well, Reinhard / Chen, Ruirui / Bol, Roland

    2021  

    Abstract: The hyperarid soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile, contain the largest known nitrate deposits in the world. They also represent one of the most hostile environments for microbial life anywhere in the terrestrial biosphere. Despite known for its extreme ... ...

    Abstract The hyperarid soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile, contain the largest known nitrate deposits in the world. They also represent one of the most hostile environments for microbial life anywhere in the terrestrial biosphere. Despite known for its extreme dryness, several heavy rainfall events causing localised flash flooding have struck Atacama Desert core regions during the last five years. It remains unclear, however, whether these soils can support microbial denitrification. To answer this, we sampled soils along a hyperaridity gradient in the Atacama Desert and conducted incubation experiments using a robotized continuous flow system under a He/O2 atmosphere. The impacts of four successive extreme weather events on soil-borne N2 O and N2 emissions were investigated, i) water addition, ii) NO3- addition, iii) labile carbon (C) addition, and iv) oxygen depletion. The 15N–N2O site-preference (SP) approach was further used to examine the source of N2O produced. Extremely low N2O fluxes were detected shortly after water and NO3-addition, whereas pronounced N2O and N2 emissions were recorded after labile-C (glucose) amendment in all soils. Under anoxia, N2 emissions increased drastically while N2O emissions decreased concomitantly, indicating the potential for complete denitrification at all sites. Although increasing aridity significantly reduced soil bacterial richness, microbial potential for denitrification and associated gene abundance (i.e., napA, narG, nirS, nirK, cnorB, qnorB and nosZ) was not affected. The N2O15N site preference values based on two end-member model suggested that fungal and bacterial denitrification co- contributed to N2O production in less arid sites, whereas bacterial denitrification dominated with increasing aridity. We conclude that soil denitrification functionality is preserved even with lowered microbial richness in the extreme hyperarid Atacama Desert. Future changes in land-use or extreme climate events therefore have a potential to destabilize the immense reserves of nitrate and ...
    Keywords Text ; ddc:630 ; Denitification -- Greenhouse gases -- Nitrogen cycling -- Moisture status -- Xerophile
    Language English
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
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