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Article ; Online: An integrative approach to the regulation of mitochondrial respiration during exercise: Focus on high-intensity exercise.

Calbet, Jose A L / Martín-Rodríguez, Saúl / Martin-Rincon, Marcos / Morales-Alamo, David

2020 Volume 35, Page(s) 101478

Abstract: During exercise, muscle ATP demand increases with intensity, and at the highest power output, ATP consumption may increase more than 100-fold above the resting level. The rate of mitochondrial ATP production during exercise depends on the availability of ...

Abstract	During exercise, muscle ATP demand increases with intensity, and at the highest power output, ATP consumption may increase more than 100-fold above the resting level. The rate of mitochondrial ATP production during exercise depends on the availability of O
MeSH term(s)	Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Respiration
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2701011-9
ISSN	2213-2317 ; 2213-2317
ISSN (online)	2213-2317
ISSN	2213-2317
DOI	10.1016/j.redox.2020.101478
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Article ; Online: AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle during exercise: Role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

Morales-Alamo, David / Calbet, Jose A L

Free radical biology & medicine

2016 Volume 98, Page(s) 68–77

Abstract: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated during exercise depending on intensity, duration and training status. A greater amount of RONS is released during repeated high-intensity sprint exercise and when the exercise is performed in ... ...

Abstract	Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated during exercise depending on intensity, duration and training status. A greater amount of RONS is released during repeated high-intensity sprint exercise and when the exercise is performed in hypoxia. By activating adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK), RONS play a critical role in the regulation of muscle metabolism but also in the adaptive responses to exercise training. RONS may activate AMPK by direct an indirect mechanisms. Directly, RONS may activate or deactivate AMPK by modifying RONS-sensitive residues of the AMPK-α subunit. Indirectly, RONS may activate AMPK by reducing mitochondrial ATP synthesis, leading to an increased AMP:ATP ratio and subsequent Thr(172)-AMPK phosphorylation by the two main AMPK kinases: LKB1 and CaMKKβ. In presence of RONS the rate of Thr(172)-AMPK dephosphorylation is reduced. RONS may activate LKB1 through Sestrin2 and SIRT1 (NAD(+)/NADH.H(+)-dependent deacetylase). RONS may also activate CaMKKβ by direct modification of RONS sensitive motifs and, indirectly, by activating the ryanodine receptor (Ryr) to release Ca(2+). Both too high (hypoxia) and too low (ingestion of antioxidants) RONS levels may lead to Ser(485)-AMPKα1/Ser(491)-AMPKα2 phosphorylation causing inhibition of Thr(172)-AMPKα phosphorylation. Exercise training increases muscle antioxidant capacity. When the same high-intensity training is applied to arm and leg muscles, arm muscles show signs of increased oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis, which may be explained by differences in RONS-sensing mechanisms and basal antioxidant capacities between arm and leg muscles. Efficient adaptation to exercise training requires optimal exposure to pulses of RONS. Inappropriate training stimulus may lead to excessive RONS formation, oxidative inactivation of AMPK and reduced adaptation or even maladaptation. Theoretically, exercise programs should be designed taking into account the intrinsic properties of different skeletal muscles, the specific RONS induction and the subsequent signaling responses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	807032-5
ISSN	1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
ISSN (online)	1873-4596
ISSN	0891-5849
DOI	10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.012
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Article ; Online: Fast regulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway in human skeletal muscle revealed by high-intensity exercise and ischaemia at exhaustion: Role of oxygenation and metabolite accumulation.

Gallego-Selles, Angel / Galvan-Alvarez, Victor / Martinez-Canton, Miriam / Garcia-Gonzalez, Eduardo / Morales-Alamo, David / Santana, Alfredo / Gonzalez-Henriquez, Juan Jose / Dorado, Cecilia / Calbet, Jose A L / Martin-Rincon, Marcos

Redox biology

2022 Volume 55, Page(s) 102398

Abstract: The NF-κB signalling pathway plays a critical role in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and muscle metabolism. NF-κB is activated by extracellular signals and intracellular changes in ... ...

Abstract	The NF-κB signalling pathway plays a critical role in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and muscle metabolism. NF-κB is activated by extracellular signals and intracellular changes in Ca
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701011-9
ISSN	2213-2317 ; 2213-2317
ISSN (online)	2213-2317
ISSN	2213-2317
DOI	10.1016/j.redox.2022.102398
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Article ; Online: Mitochondrial oxygen affinity increases after sprint interval training and is related to the improvement in peak oxygen uptake.

Larsen, Filip J / Schiffer, Tomas A / Zinner, Christoph / Willis, Sarah J / Morales-Alamo, David / Calbet, Jose A L / Boushel, Robert / Holmberg, Hans-Christer

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)

2020 Volume 229, Issue 3, Page(s) e13463

Abstract: Aims: The body responds to exercise training by profound adaptations throughout the cardiorespiratory and muscular systems, which may result in improvements in maximal oxygen consumption (VO: Methods: In this study, we examined the p50: Results: ... ...

Abstract	Aims: The body responds to exercise training by profound adaptations throughout the cardiorespiratory and muscular systems, which may result in improvements in maximal oxygen consumption (VO Methods: In this study, we examined the p50 Results: We here show that p50 Conclusion: Together with mitochondrial respiratory capacity, p50
MeSH term(s)	High-Intensity Interval Training ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2218636-0
ISSN	1748-1716 ; 1748-1708
ISSN (online)	1748-1716
ISSN	1748-1708
DOI	10.1111/apha.13463
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Article ; Online: Antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2/Keap1 in human skeletal muscle: Influence of age, sex, adiposity and aerobic fitness.

Galvan-Alvarez, Victor / Gallego-Selles, Angel / Martinez-Canton, Miriam / García-Gonzalez, Eduardo / Gelabert-Rebato, Miriam / Ponce-Gonzalez, Jesus Gustavo / Larsen, Steen / Morales-Alamo, David / Losa-Reyna, Jose / Perez-Suarez, Ismael / Dorado, Cecilia / Perez-Valera, Mario / Holmberg, Hans-Christer / Boushel, Robert / de Pablos Velasco, Pedro / Helge, Jorn Wulff / Martin-Rincon, Marcos / Calbet, Jose A L

Free radical biology & medicine

2023 Volume 209, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 282–291

Abstract: Ageing, a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity are associated with increased oxidative stress, while regular exercise is associated with an increased antioxidant capacity in trained skeletal muscles. Whether a higher aerobic fitness is associated with ... ...

Abstract	Ageing, a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity are associated with increased oxidative stress, while regular exercise is associated with an increased antioxidant capacity in trained skeletal muscles. Whether a higher aerobic fitness is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and their regulatory factors in skeletal muscle remains unknown. Although oestrogens could promote a higher antioxidant capacity in females, it remains unknown whether a sex dimorphism exists in humans regarding the antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscle. Thus, the aim was to determine the protein expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, catalase and glutathione reductase (GR) and their regulatory factors Nrf2 and Keap1 in 189 volunteers (120 males and 69 females) to establish whether sex differences exist and how age, VO
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adiposity ; Antioxidants ; Catalase/genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics ; Superoxide Dismutase-1 ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/genetics ; Obesity/genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Glutathione Reductase
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Superoxide Dismutase-1 (EC 1.15.1.1) ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 ; Glutathione Reductase (EC 1.8.1.7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	807032-5
ISSN	1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
ISSN (online)	1873-4596
ISSN	0891-5849
DOI	10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.393
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Article ; Online: Functional reserve and sex differences during exercise to exhaustion revealed by post-exercise ischaemia and repeated supramaximal exercise.

Martin-Rincon, Marcos / Gelabert-Rebato, Miriam / Perez-Valera, Mario / Galvan-Alvarez, Victor / Morales-Alamo, David / Dorado, Cecilia / Boushel, Robert / Hallen, Jostein / Calbet, Jose A L

The Journal of physiology

2021 Volume 599, Issue 16, Page(s) 3853–3878

Abstract: Key points: Females have lower fatigability than males during single limb isometric and dynamic contractions, but whether sex-differences exist during high-intensity whole-body exercise remains unknown. This study shows that males and females respond ... ...

Abstract	Key points: Females have lower fatigability than males during single limb isometric and dynamic contractions, but whether sex-differences exist during high-intensity whole-body exercise remains unknown. This study shows that males and females respond similarly to repeated supramaximal whole-body exercise, and that at task failure a large functional reserve remains in both sexes. Using post-exercise ischaemia with repeated exercise, we have shown that this functional reserve depends on the glycolytic component of substrate-level phosphorylation and is almost identical in both sexes. Metaboreflex activation during post-exercise ischaemia and the O Abstract: The purpose of this study was to ascertain what mechanisms explain sex differences at task failure and to determine whether males and females have a functional reserve at exhaustion. Exercise performance, cardiorespiratory variables, oxygen deficit, and brain and muscle oxygenation were determined in 18 males and 18 females (21-36 years old) in two sessions consisting of three bouts of constant-power exercise at 120% of
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia/metabolism ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Sex Characteristics ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/JP281293
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Article ; Online: Treatment of hypertension with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and resting metabolic rate: A cross-sectional study.

Pedrianes-Martin, Pablo B / Martin-Rincon, Marcos / Morales-Alamo, David / Perez-Suarez, Ismael / Perez-Valera, Mario / Galvan-Alvarez, Victor / Curtelin, David / de Pablos-Velasco, Pedro / Calbet, Jose A L

Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)

2021 Volume 23, Issue 12, Page(s) 2106–2114

Abstract: Hypertension in obese and overweight patients is associated with an elevated resting metabolic rate (RMR). The aim of this study was to determine whether RMR is reduced in hypertensive patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) ...

Abstract	Hypertension in obese and overweight patients is associated with an elevated resting metabolic rate (RMR). The aim of this study was to determine whether RMR is reduced in hypertensive patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and blockers (ARB). The RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry in 174 volunteers; 93 (46.5 %) were hypertensive, of which 16 men and 13 women were treated with ACEI/ARB, while 30 men and 19 women with untreated hypertension served as a control group. Treated and untreated hypertensives had similar age, BMI, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The RMR normalized to the lean body mass (LBM) was 15% higher in the untreated than ACEI/ARB-treated hypertensive women (p = .003). After accounting for LBM, whole-body fat mass, age, the double product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure), and the distance walked per day, the RMR was 2.9% lower in the patients taking ACEI/ARB (p = .26, treatment x sex interaction p = .005). LBM, age, and the double product explained 78% of the variability in RMR (R
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Basal Metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Male
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Antihypertensive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2077222-1
ISSN	1751-7176 ; 1524-6175
ISSN (online)	1751-7176
ISSN	1524-6175
DOI	10.1111/jch.14392
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Article ; Online: No functional reserve at exhaustion in endurance-trained men?

Morales-Alamo, David / Martin-Rincon, Marcos / Perez-Valera, Mario / Marcora, Samuele / Calbet, José A L

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

2016 Volume 120, Issue 4, Page(s) 476

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Education and Training ; Physical Endurance
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	219139-8
ISSN	1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
ISSN (online)	1522-1601
ISSN	0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
DOI	10.1152/japplphysiol.01006.2015
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Article: Superior Intrinsic Mitochondrial Respiration in Women Than in Men.

Cardinale, Daniele A / Larsen, Filip J / Schiffer, Tomas A / Morales-Alamo, David / Ekblom, Björn / Calbet, Jose A L / Holmberg, Hans-Christer / Boushel, Robert

Frontiers in physiology

2018 Volume 9, Page(s) 1133

Abstract: Sexual dimorphism is apparent in humans, however, to date no studies have investigated mitochondrial function focusing on intrinsic mitochondrial respiration (i.e., mitochondrial respiration for a given amount of mitochondrial protein) and mitochondrial ... ...

Abstract	Sexual dimorphism is apparent in humans, however, to date no studies have investigated mitochondrial function focusing on intrinsic mitochondrial respiration (i.e., mitochondrial respiration for a given amount of mitochondrial protein) and mitochondrial oxygen affinity (p50
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2018.01133
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Article: Skeletal Muscle Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphorylation and Lactate Accumulation During Sprint Exercise in Normoxia and Severe Acute Hypoxia: Effects of Antioxidants.

Morales-Alamo, David / Guerra, Borja / Santana, Alfredo / Martin-Rincon, Marcos / Gelabert-Rebato, Miriam / Dorado, Cecilia / Calbet, José A L

Frontiers in physiology

2018 Volume 9, Page(s) 188

Abstract: Compared to normoxia, during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia the glycolytic rate is increased leading to greater lactate accumulation, acidification, and oxidative stress. To determine the role played by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation ... ...

Abstract	Compared to normoxia, during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia the glycolytic rate is increased leading to greater lactate accumulation, acidification, and oxidative stress. To determine the role played by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) in muscle lactate accumulation, nine volunteers performed a single 30-s sprint (Wingate test) on four occasions: two after the ingestion of placebo and another two following the intake of antioxidants, while breathing either hypoxic gas (P
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2018.00188
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