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Article ; Online: Open avenues for carotenoid biofortification of plant tissues.

Morelli, Luca / Rodriguez-Concepcion, Manuel

Plant communications

2022 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 100466

Abstract: Plant carotenoids are plastidial isoprenoids that function as photoprotectants, pigments, and precursors of apocarotenoids such as the hormones abscisic acid and strigolactones. Humans do not produce carotenoids but need to obtain them from their diet as ...

Abstract	Plant carotenoids are plastidial isoprenoids that function as photoprotectants, pigments, and precursors of apocarotenoids such as the hormones abscisic acid and strigolactones. Humans do not produce carotenoids but need to obtain them from their diet as precursors of retinoids, including vitamin A. Carotenoids also provide numerous other health benefits. Multiple attempts to improve the carotenoid profile of different crops have been carried out by manipulating carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and/or storage. Here, we will focus on open questions and emerging subjects related to the use of biotechnology for carotenoid biofortification. After impressive achievements, new efforts should be directed to extend the use of genome-editing technologies to overcome regulatory constraints and improve consumer acceptance of the carotenoid-enriched products. Another challenge is to prevent off-target effects like those resulting from altered hormone levels and metabolic homeostasis. Research on biofortification of green tissues should also look for new ways to deal with the negative impact that altered carotenoid contents may have on photosynthesis. Once a carotenoid-enriched product has been obtained, additional effort should be devoted to confirming that carotenoid intake from the engineered food is also improved. This work involves ensuring post-harvest stability and assessing bioaccessibility of the biofortified product to confirm that release of carotenoids from the food matrix has not been negatively affected. Successfully addressing these challenges will ensure new milestones in carotenoid biotechnology and biofortification.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Biofortification ; Carotenoids/metabolism ; Vitamin A/metabolism ; Terpenes ; Crops, Agricultural/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Carotenoids (36-88-4) ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4) ; Terpenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-27
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2590-3462
ISSN (online)	2590-3462
DOI	10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100466
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A fast and simplified method to estimate bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant tissues.

Morelli, Luca / Rodriguez-Concepcion, Manuel

Methods in enzymology

2021 Volume 674, Page(s) 329–341

Abstract: Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoids with roles in photosynthesis and signaling. Dietary carotenoids are nutritionally relevant as precursors of retinoids (including vitamin A). These pigments also provide health benefits as anti-oxidative, anti- ... ...

Abstract	Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoids with roles in photosynthesis and signaling. Dietary carotenoids are nutritionally relevant as precursors of retinoids (including vitamin A). These pigments also provide health benefits as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor agents, among other biological functions. Such health-related advantages have spurred a strong interest in the biofortification of food products with carotenoids. Most biotechnological approaches have been carried out in plants because dietary carotenoids are primarily obtained from fruits and vegetables. Successful examples abound in the literature but in most cases a critical aspect is neglected: bioaccessibility. A higher content of carotenoids in a given plant product does not necessarily mean an improved dietary intake because these lipophilic compounds must be released from the food and incorporated into intestinal micelles to reach the sites of action in the human body. Bioaccessibility refers to the percentage of the carotenoid that is released from the food matrix during digestion and incorporated into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract. Bioaccessibility substantially changes depending on the physicochemical context and subcellular environment where carotenoids accumulate within plant cells. Here, we present a fast, simplified, inexpensive and efficient in vitro method to estimate bioaccessibility that has been adapted to the requirements and equipment of typical plant molecular biology labs. The availability of this protocol should improve biotechnological efforts aimed at carotenoid biofortification by complementing compositional improvements with bioaccessibility data to better estimate the nutritional value of the newly generated functional food.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Availability ; Carotenoids/metabolism ; Digestion ; Fruit/metabolism ; Humans ; Micelles
Chemical Substances	Micelles ; Carotenoids (36-88-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1557-7988
ISSN (online)	1557-7988
DOI	10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.007
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Article ; Online: Photoprotective mechanisms in Elysia species hosting Acetabularia chloroplasts shed light on host-donor compatibility in photosynthetic sea slugs.

Morelli, Luca / Havurinne, Vesa / Madeira, Diana / Martins, Patrícia / Cartaxana, Paulo / Cruz, Sónia

Physiologia plantarum

2024 Volume 176, Issue 2, Page(s) e14273

Abstract: Sacoglossa sea slugs have garnered attention due to their ability to retain intracellular functional chloroplasts from algae, while degrading other algal cell components. While protective mechanisms that limit oxidative damage under excessive light are ... ...

Abstract	Sacoglossa sea slugs have garnered attention due to their ability to retain intracellular functional chloroplasts from algae, while degrading other algal cell components. While protective mechanisms that limit oxidative damage under excessive light are well documented in plants and algae, the photoprotective strategies employed by these photosynthetic sea slugs remain unresolved. Species within the genus Elysia are known to retain chloroplasts from various algal sources, but the extent to which the metabolic processes from the donor algae can be sustained by the sea slugs is unclear. By comparing responses to high-light conditions through kinetic analyses, molecular techniques, and biochemical assays, this study shows significant differences between two photosynthetic Elysia species with chloroplasts derived from the green alga Acetabularia acetabulum. Notably, Elysia timida displayed remarkable tolerance to high-light stress and sophisticated photoprotective mechanisms such as an active xanthophyll cycle, efficient D1 protein recycling, accumulation of heat-shock proteins and α-tocopherol. In contrast, Elysia crispata exhibited absence or limitations in these photoprotective strategies. Our findings emphasize the intricate relationship between the host animal and the stolen chloroplasts, highlighting different capacities to protect the photosynthetic organelle from oxidative damage.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Acetabularia ; Plastids/metabolism ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Gastropoda/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020837-6
ISSN	1399-3054 ; 0031-9317
ISSN (online)	1399-3054
ISSN	0031-9317
DOI	10.1111/ppl.14273
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Article ; Online: Response to the comment on "pattern of recurrence and survival after D2 right colectomy for cancer: is there place for a routine more extended lymphadenectomy?"

Palmeri, Matteo / Peri, Andrea / Morelli, Luca

Updates in surgery

2022

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-23
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2572692-4
ISSN	2038-3312 ; 2038-131X
ISSN (online)	2038-3312
ISSN	2038-131X
DOI	10.1007/s13304-022-01423-1
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Article ; Online: ENRICH: Multi-purposE dataset for beNchmaRking In Computer vision and pHotogrammetry

Marelli, Davide / Morelli, Luca / Farella, Elisa Mariarosaria / Bianco, Simone / Ciocca, Gianluigi / Remondino, Fabio

International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS) ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 2023 Apr., v. 198 p.84-98

2023

Abstract: The availability of high-resolution data and accurate ground truth is essential to evaluate and compare methods and algorithms properly. Moreover, it is often difficult to acquire real data for a given application domain that is sufficiently ... ...

Abstract	The availability of high-resolution data and accurate ground truth is essential to evaluate and compare methods and algorithms properly. Moreover, it is often difficult to acquire real data for a given application domain that is sufficiently representative and heterogeneous in terms of scene representation, acquisition conditions, point of view, etc. To overcome the limitations of available datasets, this paper presents a new synthetic, multi-purpose dataset called ENRICH for testing photogrammetric and computer vision algorithms. Compared to existing datasets, ENRICH offers higher resolution images rendered with different lighting conditions, camera orientations, scales, and fields of view. Specifically, ENRICH is composed of three sub-datasets: ENRICH-Aerial, ENRICH-Square, and ENRICH-Statue, each exhibiting different characteristics. We show the usefulness of the proposed dataset on several examples of photogrammetry and computer vision-related tasks such as: evaluation of hand-crafted and deep learning-based local features, effects of ground control points (GCPs) configuration on the 3D accuracy, and monocular depth estimation. We make ENRICH publicly available at: https://github.com/davidemarelli/ENRICH.
Keywords	cameras ; computer vision ; computers ; data collection ; photogrammetry ; Dataset ; Image matching ; Local features ; 3D reconstruction ; Depth estimation ; Synthetic images
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Size	p. 84-98.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1007774-1
ISSN	0924-2716
ISSN	0924-2716
DOI	10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2023.03.002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Novel insights into the contribution of plastoglobules and reactive oxygen species to chromoplast differentiation

Morelli, Luca / Torres‐Montilla, Salvador / Glauser, Gaétan / Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam / Kessler, Felix / Rodriguez‐Concepcion, Manuel

New Phytologist. 2023 Mar., v. 237, no. 5 p.1696-1710

2023

Abstract: Plant tissues can be enriched in phytonutrients not only by stimulating their biosynthesis but also by providing appropriate sink structures for their sequestering and storage. In the case of carotenoids, they accumulate at high levels in chromoplasts ... ...

Abstract	Plant tissues can be enriched in phytonutrients not only by stimulating their biosynthesis but also by providing appropriate sink structures for their sequestering and storage. In the case of carotenoids, they accumulate at high levels in chromoplasts naturally found in flowers and fruit. Chromoplasts can also be artificially differentiated from leaf chloroplasts by boosting carotenoid production with the bacterial protein crtB. Here we used electron and confocal microscopy together with subplastidial fractionation and transcript, protein and metabolite analyses to analyze the structural and biochemical changes occurring in crtB‐induced artificial chromoplasts and their impact on the accumulation of health‐related isoprenoids. We show that leaf chromoplasts develop plastoglobules (PG) harboring high levels of carotenoids (mainly phytoene and pro‐vitamin A β‐carotene) but also other nutritionally relevant isoprenoids, such as tocopherols (vitamin E) and phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Further promoting PG proliferation by exposure to intense (high) light resulted in a higher accumulation of these health‐related metabolites but also an acceleration of the chloroplast‐to‐chromoplast conversion. We further show that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates chromoplastogenesis. Our data suggest that carotenoid accumulation and ROS production are not just consequences but promoters of the chromoplast differentiation process.
Keywords	bacterial proteins ; biosynthesis ; carotenoids ; chloroplasts ; chromoplasts ; confocal microscopy ; fractionation ; fruits ; leaves ; metabolites ; phylloquinone ; phytonutrients ; reactive oxygen species ; tocopherols
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 1696-1710.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.18585
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Nutritional Enrichment of Plant Leaves by Combining Genes Promoting Tocopherol Biosynthesis and Storage.

Morelli, Luca / García Romañach, Laura / Glauser, Gaetan / Shanmugabalaji, Venkatasalam / Kessler, Felix / Rodriguez-Concepcion, Manuel

Metabolites

2023 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: The enrichment of plant tissues in tocochromanols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) is an important biotechnological goal due to their vitamin E and antioxidant properties. Improvements based on stimulating tocochromanol biosynthesis have repeatedly been ... ...

Abstract	The enrichment of plant tissues in tocochromanols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) is an important biotechnological goal due to their vitamin E and antioxidant properties. Improvements based on stimulating tocochromanol biosynthesis have repeatedly been achieved, however, enhancing sequestering and storage in plant plastids remains virtually unexplored. We previously showed that leaf chloroplasts can be converted into artificial chromoplasts with a proliferation of plastoglobules by overexpression of the bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo13020193
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Article ; Online: Thinking small to win big? A critical review on the potential application of extracellular vesicles for biomarker discovery and new therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer.

Vahabi, Mahrou / Comandatore, Annalisa / Centra, Chiara / Blandino, Giovanni / Morelli, Luca / Giovannetti, Elisa

Seminars in cancer biology

2023 Volume 97, Page(s) 50–67

Abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely deadly form of cancer, with limited progress in 5-year survival rates despite significant research efforts. The main challenges in treating PDAC include difficulties in early detection, and ... ...

Abstract	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely deadly form of cancer, with limited progress in 5-year survival rates despite significant research efforts. The main challenges in treating PDAC include difficulties in early detection, and resistance to current therapeutic approaches due to aggressive molecular and microenvironment features. These challenges emphasize the importance of identifying clinically validated biomarkers for early detection and clinical management. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication by transporting molecular cargo. Recent research has unveiled their role in initiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of PDAC. Consequently, utilizing EVs in liquid biopsies holds promise for the identification of biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of drug efficacy. However, numerous limitations, including challenges in isolation and characterization of homogeneous EVs populations, as well as the absence of standardized protocols, can affect the reliability of studies involving EVs as biomarkers, underscoring the necessity for a prudent approach. EVs have also garnered considerable attention as a promising drug delivery system and novel therapy for tumors. The loading of biomolecules or chemical drugs into exosomes and their subsequent delivery to target cells can effectively impede tumor progression. Nevertheless, there are obstacles that must be overcome to ensure the accuracy and efficacy of therapies relying on EVs for the treatment of tumors. In this review, we examine both recent advancements and remaining obstacles, exploring the potential of utilizing EVs in biomarker discovery as well as for the development of drug delivery vehicles.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Extracellular Vesicles/pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Exosomes ; Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy ; Tumor Microenvironment
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1033980-2
ISSN	1096-3650 ; 1044-579X
ISSN (online)	1096-3650
ISSN	1044-579X
DOI	10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.003
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Article: Prey species and abundance affect growth and photosynthetic performance of the polyphagous sea slug

Cartaxana, Paulo / Morelli, Luca / Cassin, Elena / Havurinne, Vesa / Cabral, Miguel / Cruz, Sónia

Royal Society open science

2023 Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) 230810

Abstract: Some sacoglossan sea slugs steal functional macroalgal chloroplasts (kleptoplasts). In this study, we investigated the effects of algal prey species and abundance on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of the tropical polyphagous sea ... ...

Abstract	Some sacoglossan sea slugs steal functional macroalgal chloroplasts (kleptoplasts). In this study, we investigated the effects of algal prey species and abundance on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of the tropical polyphagous sea slug
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.230810
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Article ; Online: Establishment of Zebrafish Patient-derived Xenografts from Pancreatic Cancer for Chemosensitivity Testing.

Usai, Alice / Di Franco, Gregorio / Gabellini, Chiara / Morelli, Luca / Raffa, Vittoria

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2023 , Issue 195

Abstract: Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, and the incidence of many types of cancer continues to increase. Much progress has been made in terms of screening, prevention, and treatment; however, preclinical models that predict the ... ...

Abstract	Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, and the incidence of many types of cancer continues to increase. Much progress has been made in terms of screening, prevention, and treatment; however, preclinical models that predict the chemosensitivity profile of cancer patients are still lacking. To fill this gap, an in vivo patient-derived xenograft model was developed and validated. The model was based on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at 2 days post fertilization, which were used as recipients of xenograft fragments of tumor tissue taken from a patient's surgical specimen. It is also worth noting that bioptic samples were not digested or disaggregated, in order to maintain the tumor microenvironment, which is crucial in terms of analyzing tumor behavior and the response to therapy. The protocol details a method for establishing zebrafish-based patient-derived xenografts (zPDXs) from primary solid tumor surgical resection. After screening by an anatomopathologist, the specimen is dissected using a scalpel blade. Necrotic tissue, vessels, or fatty tissue are removed and then chopped into 0.3 mm x 0.3 mm x 0.3 mm pieces. The pieces are then fluorescently labeled and xenotransplanted into the perivitelline space of zebrafish embryos. A large number of embryos can be processed at a low cost, enabling high-throughput in vivo analyses of the chemosensitivity of zPDXs to multiple anticancer drugs. Confocal images are routinely acquired to detect and quantify the apoptotic levels induced by chemotherapy treatment compared to the control group. The xenograft procedure has a significant time advantage, since it can be completed in a single day, providing a reasonable time window to carry out a therapeutic screening for co-clinical trials.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Zebrafish ; Heterografts ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Adipose Tissue ; Disease Models, Animal ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Pancreatic Neoplasms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X ; 1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/63744
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