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  1. Article ; Online: Multi-Omics Strategies for Investigating the Microbiome in Toxicology Research.

    Morgan, Ethan W / Perdew, Gary H / Patterson, Andrew D

    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

    2022  Volume 187, Issue 2, Page(s) 189–213

    Abstract: Microbial communities on and within the host contact environmental pollutants, toxic compounds, and other xenobiotic compounds. These communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea possess diverse metabolic potential to catabolize compounds and ... ...

    Abstract Microbial communities on and within the host contact environmental pollutants, toxic compounds, and other xenobiotic compounds. These communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea possess diverse metabolic potential to catabolize compounds and produce new metabolites. Microbes alter chemical disposition thus making the microbiome a natural subject of interest for toxicology. Sequencing and metabolomics technologies permit the study of microbiomes altered by acute or long-term exposure to xenobiotics. These investigations have already contributed to and are helping to re-interpret traditional understandings of toxicology. The purpose of this review is to provide a survey of the current methods used to characterize microbes within the context of toxicology. This will include discussion of commonly used techniques for conducting omic-based experiments, their respective strengths and deficiencies, and how forward-looking techniques may address present shortcomings. Finally, a perspective will be provided regarding common assumptions that currently impede microbiome studies from producing causal explanations of toxicologic mechanisms.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteria ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Metabolomics/methods ; Microbiota ; Xenobiotics/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Xenobiotics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1420885-4
    ISSN 1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
    ISSN (online) 1096-0929
    ISSN 1096-6080
    DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfac029
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  2. Article ; Online: Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella on Whole Yellow Onions (Allium cepa) Exposed to Hot Water.

    Lieberman, Vanessa M / Morgan, Ethan W / Harris, Linda J

    Journal of food protection

    2021  Volume 84, Issue 11, Page(s) 1965–1972

    MeSH term(s) Colony Count, Microbial ; Escherichia coli O157 ; Food Microbiology ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Onions ; Salmonella
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 243284-5
    ISSN 1944-9097 ; 0362-028X
    ISSN (online) 1944-9097
    ISSN 0362-028X
    DOI 10.4315/JFP-21-242
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 2631: Show issues

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  3. Article: Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella on Whole Yellow Onions (Allium cepa) Exposed to Hot Water

    Lieberman, Vanessa M. / Morgan, Ethan W. / Harris, Linda J.

    Journal of food protection. 2021 Nov., v. 84, no. 11

    2021  

    Abstract: In-home or food service antimicrobial treatment options for fresh produce are limited. Hot water treatments for whole (unpeeled) produce have been proposed, but data to support this practice for onions are not available. Separate cocktails of rifampin- ... ...

    Abstract In-home or food service antimicrobial treatment options for fresh produce are limited. Hot water treatments for whole (unpeeled) produce have been proposed, but data to support this practice for onions are not available. Separate cocktails of rifampin-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella were cultured on agar and suspended in sterile water. The outer papery skin at the equator or root or stem ends of the whole yellow onions was spot inoculated at 6 log CFU per onion. After drying for 30 min and, in some cases, storage at 4°C for 6 days, onions were immersed in water at ca. 100°C for 5 s or 85°C for 10 to 180 s. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean decline of Salmonella was found on onions that were exposed to hot water after drying the inoculum for 30 min or after storage at 4°C for 6 days. Exposure of whole onions at 100°C for 5 s reduced E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes populations by >5 log CFU per onion at all inoculum sites and Salmonella populations by >5 log CFU per onion at the stem end and equator but not consistently at the root end. Mean root-end reductions of ≥5 log CFU per onion of E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella were achieved consistently when the root end was fully immersed in 85°C hot water for 45 or 60 s except in a small number of cases (4 of 57; 7%) when the root end was oriented upward and above the water line during treatment. When onions were held at 85°C for 180 s with the root end above the water line in an uncovered water bath, no significant declines in Salmonella populations were observed; significant mean declines in Salmonella were achieved (mean, 5 log CFU per onion; range, 3.49 to 6.25 log CFU per onion) when the water bath was covered. Short exposure to hot water can significantly reduce pathogens on the surface of whole onions. Reductions are more consistent when the root end is submerged and when the water bath is covered.
    Keywords Allium cepa ; Escherichia coli O157 ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Salmonella ; agar ; food safety ; food service ; fresh produce ; inoculum ; onions
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-11
    Size p. 1965-1972.
    Publishing place International Association of Milk, Food, and Environmental Sanitarians.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 243284-5
    ISSN 1944-9097 ; 0362-028X
    ISSN (online) 1944-9097
    ISSN 0362-028X
    DOI 10.4315/JFP-21-242
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 2631: Show issues

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  4. Article ; Online: AHR is a master regulator of diverse pathways in endogenous metabolism.

    Granados, Jeffry C / Falah, Kian / Koo, Imhoi / Morgan, Ethan W / Perdew, Gary H / Patterson, Andrew D / Jamshidi, Neema / Nigam, Sanjay K

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 16625

    Abstract: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor with roles in detoxification, development, immune response, chronic kidney disease and other syndromes. It regulates the expression of drug transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes in a ... ...

    Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor with roles in detoxification, development, immune response, chronic kidney disease and other syndromes. It regulates the expression of drug transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes in a proposed Remote Sensing and Signaling Network involved in inter-organ communication via metabolites and signaling molecules. Here, we use integrated omics approaches to analyze its contributions to metabolism across multiple scales from the organ to the organelle. Global metabolomics analysis of Ahr
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antioxidants ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Choline ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
    Chemical Substances AHR protein, human ; Ahr protein, mouse ; Antioxidants ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Ligands ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Choline (N91BDP6H0X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-20572-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Contribution of circulating host and microbial tryptophan metabolites towards Ah receptor activation.

    Morgan, Ethan W / Dong, Fangcong / Annalora, Andrew / Murray, Iain A / Wolfe, Trenton / Erickson, Reece / Gowda, Krishne / Amin, Shantu G / Petersen, Kristina S / Kris-Etherton, Penny M / Marcus, Craig / Walk, Seth T / Patterson, Andrew D / Perdew, Gary H

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that plays an integral role in homeostatic maintenance by regulating cellular functions such as cellular differentiation, metabolism, barrier function, and immune response. An ...

    Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that plays an integral role in homeostatic maintenance by regulating cellular functions such as cellular differentiation, metabolism, barrier function, and immune response. An important but poorly understood class of AHR activators are compounds derived from host and bacterial metabolism of tryptophan. The commensal bacteria of the gut microbiome are major producers of tryptophan metabolites known to activate the AHR, while the host also produces AHR activators through tryptophan metabolism. We used targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling to determine the presence and metabolic source of these metabolites in the sera of conventional mice, germ-free mice, and humans. Surprisingly, sera concentrations of many tryptophan metabolites are comparable between germ-free and conventional mice. Therefore, many major AHR-activating tryptophan metabolites in mouse sera are produced by the host, despite their presence in feces and mouse cecal contents. AHR activation is rarely studied in the context of a mixture at relevant concentrations, as we present here. The AHR activation potentials of individual and pooled metabolites were explored using cell-based assays, while ligand binding competition assays and ligand docking simulations were used to assess the detected metabolites as AHR agonists. The physiological and biomedical relevance of the identified metabolites was investigated in the context of cell-based models for cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. We present data here that reframe AHR biology to include the presence of ubiquitous tryptophan metabolites, improving our understanding of homeostatic AHR activity and models of AHR-linked diseases.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.01.26.525691
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Contribution of Circulating Host and Microbial Tryptophan Metabolites Toward Ah Receptor Activation.

    Morgan, Ethan W / Dong, Fangcong / Annalora, Andrew J / Murray, Iain A / Wolfe, Trenton / Erickson, Reece / Gowda, Krishne / Amin, Shantu G / Petersen, Kristina S / Kris-Etherton, Penny M / Marcus, Craig B / Walk, Seth T / Patterson, Andrew D / Perdew, Gary H

    International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR

    2023  Volume 16, Page(s) 11786469231182510

    Abstract: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that plays an integral role in homeostatic maintenance by regulating cellular functions such as cellular differentiation, metabolism, barrier function, and immune response. An ...

    Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that plays an integral role in homeostatic maintenance by regulating cellular functions such as cellular differentiation, metabolism, barrier function, and immune response. An important but poorly understood class of AHR activators are compounds derived from host and bacterial metabolism of tryptophan. The commensal bacteria of the gut microbiome are major producers of tryptophan metabolites known to activate the AHR, while the host also produces AHR activators through tryptophan metabolism. We used targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling to determine the presence and metabolic source of these metabolites in the sera of conventional mice, germ-free mice, and humans. Surprisingly, sera concentrations of many tryptophan metabolites are comparable between germ-free and conventional mice. Therefore, many major AHR-activating tryptophan metabolites in mouse sera are produced by the host, despite their presence in feces and mouse cecal contents. Here we present an investigation of AHR activation using a complex mixture of tryptophan metabolites to examine the biological relevance of circulating tryptophan metabolites. AHR activation is rarely studied in the context of a mixture at relevant concentrations, as we present here. The AHR activation potentials of individual and pooled metabolites were explored using cell-based assays, while ligand binding competition assays and ligand docking simulations were used to assess the detected metabolites as AHR agonists. The physiological and biomedical relevance of the identified metabolites was investigated in the context of a cell-based model for rheumatoid arthritis. We present data that reframe AHR biology to include the presence of a mixture of ubiquitous tryptophan metabolites, improving our understanding of homeostatic AHR activity and models of AHR-linked diseases.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2517435-6
    ISSN 1178-6469
    ISSN 1178-6469
    DOI 10.1177/11786469231182510
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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