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Book ; Online: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change

Girona, Miguel Montoro / Morin, Hubert / Gauthier, Sylvie / Bergeron, Yves

Sustainable Management

(Advances in Global Change Research ; 74)

2023

Author's details	edited by Miguel Montoro Girona, Hubert Morin, Sylvie Gauthier, Yves Bergeron
Series title	Advances in Global Change Research ; 74
Keywords	Forestry ; Physical geography ; Environment ; Environmental sciences—Social aspects ; Plant ecology
Subject code	634.9 ; 577.3
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource (XLIX, 837 p. 178 illus., 157 illus. in color)
Edition	1st ed. 2023
Publisher	Springer International Publishing ; Imprint: Springer
Publishing place	Cham
Document type	Book ; Online
HBZ-ID	HT021861850
ISBN	978-3-031-15988-6 ; 9783031159879 ; 9783031159893 ; 9783031159909 ; 3-031-15988-8 ; 303115987X ; 3031159896 ; 303115990X
DOI	10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Book ; Online: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change

Girona, Miguel Montoro / Morin, Hubert / Gauthier, Sylvie / Bergeron, Yves

Sustainable Management

(Advances in Global Change Research)

2023

Series title	Advances in Global Change Research
Keywords	Forestry & silviculture: practice & techniques ; Climate change ; Sustainability ; Plant ecology ; Boreal Forests and Climate Change ; Forest Sustainable Management ; Biome Scale Perspectives and Synthesis ; Climate Change and Climate Change Impacts ; Ecology of Boreal Forests ; Biodiversity and Ecophysiology of Forests
Language	English
Size	1 electronic resource (837 pages)
Publisher	Springer Nature
Publishing place	Cham
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English
HBZ-ID	HT030376441
ISBN	9783031159886 ; 3031159888
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Climatic conditions modulate the effect of spruce budworm outbreaks on black spruce growth

Subedi, Anoj / Marchand, Philippe / Bergeron, Yves / Morin, Hubert / Girona, Miguel Montoro

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2023 Aug., v. 339 p.109548-

2023

Abstract: Current ecological models predict profound climate change-related effects on the natural disturbance regimes of forests. Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) (SBW) is the principal insect defoliator in eastern North America, and SBW outbreaks have a ...

Abstract	Current ecological models predict profound climate change-related effects on the natural disturbance regimes of forests. Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) (SBW) is the principal insect defoliator in eastern North America, and SBW outbreaks have a major impact on the structure and function of the Canadian boreal forest, as defoliation leads to decreased tree growth, increased mortality, and lower forest productivity. SBW outbreaks have become more severe over the last century with the changing climate; however, little is known about how climate fluctuations affect the growth of SBW host species during the outbreak period. Here we evaluate how climate and outbreak severity combined to affect black spruce (Picea mariana) growth during the SBW outbreak that occurred between 1968–1988 and 2006–2017. We compiled dendrochronological series (2271 trees), outbreak severity (estimated by observed aerial defoliation), and climate data for 164 sites in Québec, Canada. We used a linear mixed effect model to determine the impacts of climatic parameters, cumulative defoliation (of the previous five years), and their coupled effect on basal area growth. At maximum outbreak severity, basal area growth of black spruce was reduced by 14%–18% over five years. This outbreak growth response was affected by climate: warmer previous summer minimum temperatures and a higher previous summer climate moisture index further decreased growth by 11% and 4%, respectively. In contrast, a preceding year's warmer spring minimum temperatures (9%) and summer maximum temperatures (7%) attenuated the negative SBW effect. This study adds knowledge to our landscape-level understanding of combined insect–climate effects and helps predictions of future SBW-related damage to forest stands to bolster sustainable forest management. We also recommend that projections of boreal forest ecosystems include several classes of SBW defoliation and multiple climatic scenarios in future simulations.
Keywords	Choristoneura fumiferana ; Picea mariana ; boreal forests ; climate ; defoliating insects ; defoliation ; dendrochronology ; hosts ; meteorological data ; meteorology ; models ; mortality ; spring ; summer ; sustainable forestry ; tree growth ; Quebec ; Climate change ; Disturbances ; Dendroecology ; Ecological modeling ; Forest management
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	409905-9
ISSN	0168-1923
ISSN	0168-1923
DOI	10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109548
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests

Martin, Maxence / Fenton, Nicole J / Morin, Hubert

Ecological indicators. 2021 Sept., v. 128

2021

Abstract: Tree-related microhabitats (TreM) and deadwood are two forest attributes providing essential resources for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Old-growth forests are generally defined by a high abundance and diversity of TreM and deadwood, ... ...

Abstract	Tree-related microhabitats (TreM) and deadwood are two forest attributes providing essential resources for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Old-growth forests are generally defined by a high abundance and diversity of TreM and deadwood, but little is known about TreM and deadwood dynamics once the old-growth stage is reached, in particular in the boreal biome. In this context, knowledge on TreM and deadwood dynamics in old-growth forest stands is necessary to better understand how these forests contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The aim of this study is thus to determine how TreM, and deadwood abundance and diversity vary within boreal old-growth forests. To reach this objective, we surveyed TreM and deadwood attributes, as well as structural and abiotic attributes, in 71 boreal old-growth forests situated in Quebec, Canada. We used hierarchical clustering analysis to identify TreM and deadwood abundance and diversity patterns in the studied stands. We identified five clusters of TreM and deadwood characteristics, which corresponded to three stages of old-growth forest succession: canopy break-up (beginning of the old-growth stage), transition old-growth stage (replacement of the first cohort by old-growth cohorts) and true old-growth stage (first cohort all or almost all gone). The peak in TreM richness and diversity was reached at the transition old-growth stage, whereas the peak for deadwood richness and diversity was reached at the true old-growth stage. Overall, true old-growth forests were defined by a combination of moderate to high TreM density and high deadwood volume, but these values significantly varied among stands depending on past secondary disturbances, stand structure and its composition (black spruce [Picea mariana Mill.] dominated vs mixed black spruce – balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]). These results therefore underscore the importance of considering old-growth forests as dynamic rather than static ecosystems, as the composition of tree- and deadwood-related microhabitats in the same old-growth stand may markedly change over time. At landscape scale, these results also imply that the mosaic of habitats present in old-growth forests can vary greatly from one location to another, highlighting the importance of maintaining a diversity of old-growth forest structure and composition.
Keywords	Abies balsamea ; Picea mariana ; biodiversity ; biodiversity conservation ; canopy ; dead wood ; ecosystems ; forest succession ; landscapes ; old-growth forests ; stand structure ; Quebec
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2036774-0
ISSN	1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
ISSN (online)	1872-7034
ISSN	1470-160X
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107813
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Predicting balsam fir mortality in boreal stands affected by spruce budworm

Houndode, Djidjoho Julien / Krause, Cornelia / Morin, Hubert

Forest ecology and management. 2021 Sept. 15, v. 496

2021

Abstract: During spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks, stands dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) suffer marked levels of mortality after consecutive years of defoliation. The balsam fir mortality rate is also influenced by ... ...

Abstract	During spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks, stands dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) suffer marked levels of mortality after consecutive years of defoliation. The balsam fir mortality rate is also influenced by such factors as stand age and forest composition. Nonetheless, the relative importance of these factors when predicting balsam fir mortality during an outbreak remains uncertain. Here we present models for predicting balsam fir mortality rates on the basis of defoliation duration and intensity, stand age, and forest composition. We found a significant increase in balsam fir mortality rates with an increased duration and intensity of defoliation. Balsam fir experienced >22% mortality after five years of continuous severe defoliation. The model identified cumulative defoliation—a commonly used measure in Canada of the sum of annual defoliation intensities experienced by a stand over a given defoliation period—as an effective index for predicting mortality. Detailed cumulative defoliation, a factor specifying the frequency of different levels of annual defoliation intensities experienced by a stand over a given defoliation period, provided even more reliable results. Mature stands experienced 5% greater mortality than immature stands, and mortality was 3% and 8% greater in pure balsam fir stands than in mixed balsam fir–spruce and mixed balsam fir–hardwood stands, respectively. The proportion of other tree species also affected the mortality prediction model. We attained 70% accuracy for our best model for predicting balsam fir mortality rate in heterogeneous mixed stands; this model included detailed cumulative defoliation, stand age, and the proportion of other species in the stand. Therefore, these factors must be included in decisions related to recovery cutting in forests affected by spruce budworm outbreaks.
Keywords	Abies balsamea ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; administrative management ; defoliation ; forest ecology ; forests ; models ; mortality ; stand age ; trees ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0915
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119408
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Boreal old-growth forest structural diversity challenges aerial photographic survey accuracy

Martin, Maxence / Fenton, Nicole J / Morin, Hubert

Canadian journal of forest research. 2020, v. 50, no. 2

2020

Abstract: The erosion of old-growth forests in boreal managed landscapes is a major issue currently faced by forest managers; however, resolving this problem requires accurate surveys. The intention of our study was to determine if historic operational aerial ... ...

Abstract	The erosion of old-growth forests in boreal managed landscapes is a major issue currently faced by forest managers; however, resolving this problem requires accurate surveys. The intention of our study was to determine if historic operational aerial forest surveys accurately identified boreal old-growth forests in Quebec, Canada. We first compared stand successional stages (even-aged vs. old-growth) in two aerial surveys performed in 1968 (preindustrial aerial survey) and 2007 (modern aerial survey) on the same 2200 km2 territory. Second, we evaluated the accuracy of the modern aerial survey by comparing its results with those of 74 field plots sampled in the study territory between 2014 and 2016. The two aerial surveys differed significantly; 80.8% of the undisturbed stands that were identified as “old-growth” in the preindustrial survey were classified as “even-aged” in the modern survey, and 60% of the stands identified as “old-growth” by field sampling were also erroneously identified as “even-aged” by the modern aerial survey. The scarcity of obvious old-growth attributes in boreal old-growth forests, as well as poorly adapted modern aerial survey criteria (i.e., criteria requiring high vertical stratification and significant changes in tree species composition along forest succession), were the main factors explaining these errors. It is therefore likely that most of Quebec’s boreal old-growth forests are currently not recognized as such in forest inventories, challenging the efficacy of sustainable forest management policies.
Keywords	aerial surveys ; forest inventory ; forest succession ; landscapes ; old-growth forests ; species diversity ; sustainable forestry ; trees ; Quebec
Language	English
Size	p. 155-169.
Publishing place	NRC Research Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1473096-0
ISSN	1208-6037 ; 0045-5067
ISSN (online)	1208-6037
ISSN	0045-5067
DOI	10.1139/cjfr-2019-0177
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Driving factors of conifer regeneration dynamics in eastern Canadian boreal old-growth forests.

Martin, Maxence / Girona, Miguel Montoro / Morin, Hubert

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e0230221

Abstract: Old-growth forests play a major role in conserving biodiversity, protecting water resources, and sequestrating carbon, as well as serving as indispensable resources for indigenous societies. Novel silvicultural practices must be developed to emulate the ... ...

Abstract	Old-growth forests play a major role in conserving biodiversity, protecting water resources, and sequestrating carbon, as well as serving as indispensable resources for indigenous societies. Novel silvicultural practices must be developed to emulate the natural dynamics and structural attributes of old-growth forests and preserve the ecosystem services provided by these boreal ecosystems. The success of these forest management strategies depends on developing an accurate understanding of natural regeneration dynamics. Our goal was therefore to identify the main patterns and drivers involved in the regeneration dynamics of old-growth forests with a focus on boreal stands dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana (L.) Mill.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) in eastern Canada. We sampled 71 stands in a 2 200 km2 study area located within Quebec's boreal region. For each stand, we noted tree regeneration (seedlings and saplings), structural attributes (diameter distribution, deadwood volume, etc.), and abiotic (slope and soil) factors. The presence of seed-trees located nearby and slopes having moderate to high angles most influenced balsam fir regeneration. In contrast, the indirect indices of recent secondary disturbances (e.g., insect outbreaks or windthrows) and topographic constraints (slope and drainage) most influenced black spruce regeneration. We propose that black spruce regeneration dynamics can be separated into distinct phases: (i) layering within the understory, (ii) seedling growth when gaps open in the canopy, (iii) gradual canopy closure, and (iv) production of new layers once the canopy is closed. These dynamics are not observed in paludified stands or stands where balsam fir is more competitive than black spruce. Overall, this research helps explain the complexity of old-growth forest dynamics, where many ecological factors interact at multiple temporal and spatial scales. This study also improves our understanding of ecological processes within primary old-growth forests and identifies the key factors to consider when ensuring the sustainable management of old-growth boreal stands.
MeSH term(s)	Abies/growth & development ; Abies/physiology ; Canada ; Cluster Analysis ; Picea/growth & development ; Picea/physiology ; Seedlings ; Soil/chemistry ; Taiga ; Tracheophyta/growth & development ; Tracheophyta/physiology
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0230221
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Linking radial growth patterns and moderate-severity disturbance dynamics in boreal old-growth forests driven by recurrent insect outbreaks: A tale of opportunities, successes, and failures.

Martin, Maxence / Krause, Cornélia / Morin, Hubert

Ecology and evolution

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 566–586

Abstract: In boreal landscapes, emphasis is currently placed on close-to-nature management strategies, which aim to maintain the biodiversity and ecosystem services related to old-growth forests. The success of these strategies, however, depends on an accurate ... ...

Abstract	In boreal landscapes, emphasis is currently placed on close-to-nature management strategies, which aim to maintain the biodiversity and ecosystem services related to old-growth forests. The success of these strategies, however, depends on an accurate understanding of the dynamics within these forests. While moderate-severity disturbances have recently been recognized as important drivers of boreal forests, little is known about their effects on stand structure and growth. This study therefore aimed to reconstruct the disturbance and postdisturbance dynamics in boreal old-growth forests that are driven by recurrent moderate-severity disturbances. We studied eight primary old-growth forests in Québec, Canada, that have recorded recurrent and moderately severe spruce budworm (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.7080
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Environmental and developmental factors driving xylem anatomy and micro-density in black spruce.

Buttò, Valentina / Rozenberg, Philippe / Deslauriers, Annie / Rossi, Sergio / Morin, Hubert

The New phytologist

2021 Volume 230, Issue 3, Page(s) 957–971

Abstract: Wood density is the product of carbon allocation for structural growth and reflects the trade-off between mechanical support and water conductivity. We tested a conceptual framework based on the assumption that micro-density depends on direct and ... ...

Abstract	Wood density is the product of carbon allocation for structural growth and reflects the trade-off between mechanical support and water conductivity. We tested a conceptual framework based on the assumption that micro-density depends on direct and indirect relationships with endogenous and exogenous factors. The dynamics of wood formation, including timings and rates of cell division, cell enlargement, and secondary wall deposition, were assessed from microcores collected weekly between 2002 and 2016 from five black spruce stands located along a latitudinal gradient in Quebec, Canada. Cell anatomy and micro-density were recorded by anatomical analyses and X-ray measurements. Our structural equation model explained 80% of micro-density variation within the tree-ring with direct effects of wall thickness (σ = 0.61), cell diameter (σ = -0.51), and photoperiod (σ = -0.26). Wood formation dynamics had an indirect effect on micro-density. Micro-density increased under longer periods of cell-wall deposition and shorter durations of enlargement. Our results fill a critical gap in understanding the relationships underlying micro-density variation in conifers. We demonstrated that short-term responses to environmental variations could be overridden by plastic responses that modulate cell differentiation. Our results point to wood formation dynamics as a reliable predictor of carbon allocation in trees.
MeSH term(s)	Canada ; Picea ; Quebec ; Trees ; Wood ; Xylem
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.17223
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Comparing Time-Lapse PhenoCams with Satellite Observations across the Boreal Forest of Quebec, Canada

Khare, Siddhartha / Deslauriers, Annie / Morin, Hubert / Latifi, Hooman / Rossi, Sergio

Remote Sensing. 2021 Dec. 26, v. 14, no. 1

2021

Abstract: Intercomparison of satellite-derived vegetation phenology is scarce in remote locations because of the limited coverage area and low temporal resolution of field observations. By their reliable near-ground observations and high-frequency data collection, ...

Abstract	Intercomparison of satellite-derived vegetation phenology is scarce in remote locations because of the limited coverage area and low temporal resolution of field observations. By their reliable near-ground observations and high-frequency data collection, PhenoCams can be a robust tool for intercomparison of land surface phenology derived from satellites. This study aims to investigate the transition dates of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) phenology by comparing fortnightly the MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) extracted using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform with the daily PhenoCam-based green chromatic coordinate (GCC) index. Data were collected from 2016 to 2019 by PhenoCams installed in six mature stands along a latitudinal gradient of the boreal forests of Quebec, Canada. All time series were fitted by double-logistic functions, and the estimated parameters were compared between NDVI, EVI, and GCC. The onset of GCC occurred in the second week of May, whereas the ending of GCC occurred in the last week of September. We demonstrated that GCC was more correlated with EVI (R² from 0.66 to 0.85) than NDVI (R² from 0.52 to 0.68). In addition, the onset and ending of phenology were shown to differ by 3.5 and 5.4 days between EVI and GCC, respectively. Larger differences were detected between NDVI and GCC, 17.05 and 26.89 days for the onset and ending, respectively. EVI showed better estimations of the phenological dates than NDVI. This better performance is explained by the higher spectral sensitivity of EVI for multiple canopy leaf layers due to the presence of an additional blue band and an optimized soil factor value. Our study demonstrates that the phenological observations derived from PhenoCam are comparable with the EVI index. We conclude that EVI is more suitable than NDVI to assess phenology in evergreen species of the northern boreal region, where PhenoCam data are not available. The EVI index could be used as a reliable proxy of GCC for monitoring evergreen species phenology in areas with reduced access, or where repeated data collection from remote areas are logistically difficult due to the extreme weather.
Keywords	Internet ; Picea mariana ; boreal forests ; canopy ; data collection ; evergreen trees ; leaves ; phenology ; satellites ; soil ; time series analysis ; weather ; Quebec
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1226
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2513863-7
ISSN	2072-4292
ISSN	2072-4292
DOI	10.3390/rs14010100
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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