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Article: Mutational Analysis of c-KIT and PDGFRA in Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)

Morini, Maria / Gentilini, Fabio / Turba, Maria Elena / Gobbo, Francesca / Mandrioli, Luciana / Bettini, Giuliano

Veterinary sciences. 2022 July 21, v. 9, no. 7

2022

Abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the canine gastrointestinal tract and are diagnosed by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Activating mutations of the proto- ... ...

Abstract	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the canine gastrointestinal tract and are diagnosed by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Activating mutations of the proto-oncogenes c-KIT and PDGFRA drive GIST oncogenesis and are used to predict the response to RTK-inhibitors in human oncology. Currently, the frequency and significance of these mutations in canine GIST have not been adequately explored. Therefore, we investigated the mutational status of c-KIT (exons 9, 11 and 13) and PDGFRA (exons 12 and 18) genes by PCR followed by fragment analysis for c-KIT deletions and PCR followed by screening with DHPLC and direct sequencing confirmation for single nucleotide variations in 17 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine GISTs confirmed by KIT immunopositivity. c-KIT mutations were detected in 47% of cases, with a mutation detection rate significantly higher (p = 0.0004, Fisher’s exact test) and always involving exon 11. A PDGFRA gene mutation (exon 18) was identified in one case. Even if follow-up data were not available for all cases, four cases with documented abdominal metastases displayed c-KIT mutations. These data confirm that c-KIT exon 11 mutations occur frequently in canine GISTs, and identify the presence of a PDGFRA mutation similar to human GISTs. This study also suggests a potential association of c-KIT mutation with more aggressive biological behavior.
Keywords	carcinogenesis ; digestive tract ; dogs ; exons ; gastrointestinal system ; humans ; immunohistochemistry ; mutation ; mutational analysis ; proto-oncogenes ; receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0721
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci9070376
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Unusual Presentation of Aortic Valve Infective Endocarditis in a Dog: Aorto-Cavitary Fistula, Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis, and Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block.

Romito, Giovanni / Diana, Alessia / Rigillo, Antonella / Morini, Maria / Cipone, Mario

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2021 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: A 2-year-old Boxer with a history of subaortic stenosis and immunosuppressant therapy developed aortic valve infective endocarditis. On echocardiographic examination with simultaneous electrocardiographic tracing, multiple uncommon periannular ... ...

Abstract	A 2-year-old Boxer with a history of subaortic stenosis and immunosuppressant therapy developed aortic valve infective endocarditis. On echocardiographic examination with simultaneous electrocardiographic tracing, multiple uncommon periannular complications of the aortic valve endocarditis were found, including aorto-cavitary fistula with diastolic left-to-right shunt, tricuspid valve endocarditis, and third-degree atrioventricular block. Necropsy confirmed the above echocardiographic findings. Although aortic valve endocarditis represents a well-known disease entity in dogs, the dynamic nature of this condition may allow development of complex and uncommon echocardiographic features.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11030690
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hair and spleen of cats revealed a possible underestimation of feline vector-borne pathogens.

Balboni, Andrea / Urbani, Lorenza / Morini, Maria / Dondi, Francesco / Battilani, Mara

Research in veterinary science

2021 Volume 137, Page(s) 144–149

Abstract: Feline Vector-Borne Diseases show increased global prevalence and some Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species may pose a risk to human health. The diagnosis of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species infection in cats is achieved by the combined use of different ... ...

Abstract	Feline Vector-Borne Diseases show increased global prevalence and some Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species may pose a risk to human health. The diagnosis of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species infection in cats is achieved by the combined use of different methods as cytologic examination evidencing intracytoplasmic morulae, serologic tests and molecular assays. The peripheral whole blood is considered the sample of choice for Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species DNA detection in cats, but false negative results are reported leading to underestimation of infection prevalence. In order to have a more accurate assessment of the spread of feline vector-borne pathogens, the presence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. DNA in 37 owner and shelter cats subjected to necropsy were prospectively investigated by testing in end-point PCR spleen, bone marrow, blood clot and hair samples. The bacteria identified were genetically characterised. Three shelter cats tested positive for A. phagocytophilum DNA in spleen (one cat) or in hair samples (two cats). None of the cats tested positive in bone marrow and blood samples. From the results obtained, it can be assumed that the use of spleen or hair samples could allow a more reliable detection of A. phagocytophilum DNA in cats with blood tested negative. In the phylogeny constructed with a fragment of the heat shock (groEL) gene nucleotide sequences, all the identified A. phagocytophilum clustered with bacteria infecting a wide range of hosts, including humans, showing a potential zoonotic role.
MeSH term(s)	Anaplasma phagocytophilum/immunology ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum/isolation & purification ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/blood ; Cat Diseases/microbiology ; Cats ; DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification ; Ehrlichiosis/veterinary ; Female ; Hair/microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/veterinary ; Spleen/microbiology ; Vector Borne Diseases/diagnosis ; Vector Borne Diseases/microbiology ; Vector Borne Diseases/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Bacterial ; DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.003
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Mutational Analysis of

Morini, Maria / Gentilini, Fabio / Turba, Maria Elena / Gobbo, Francesca / Mandrioli, Luciana / Bettini, Giuliano

Veterinary sciences

2022 Volume 9, Issue 7

Abstract	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the canine gastrointestinal tract and are diagnosed by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Activating mutations of the proto-oncogenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci9070376
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Trigeminal Ganglion of the Horse.

Zamith Cunha, Rodrigo / Semprini, Alberto / Salamanca, Giulia / Gobbo, Francesca / Morini, Maria / Pickles, Kirstie J / Roberts, Veronica / Chiocchetti, Roberto

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 21

Abstract: Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression ... ...

Abstract	Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors like transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ), and G protein-related receptor 55 (GPR55) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of the horse were studied, using immunofluorescence on cryosections and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. Neurons and glial cells were identified using fluorescent Nissl staining NeuroTrace
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Horses ; Animals ; Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism ; Trigeminal Ganglion/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/genetics ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Cannabinoid ; PPAR gamma ; TRPV Cation Channels
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms242115949
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology in Severe Equine Asthma: Cytocentrifugated versus Sediment Smear Preparations.

Morini, Maria / Gobbo, Francesca / Rinnovati, Riccardo / Romagnoli, Noemi / Peli, Angelo / Massarenti, Chiara / Spadari, Alessandro / Pietra, Marco

Veterinary sciences

2023 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: Equine asthma is a common respiratory disease that may affect horses of any age. The diagnosis of severe equine asthma (SEA) (historically referred as recurrent airway obstruction or RAO) is based mainly on the history of the animal and clinical signs, ... ...

Abstract	Equine asthma is a common respiratory disease that may affect horses of any age. The diagnosis of severe equine asthma (SEA) (historically referred as recurrent airway obstruction or RAO) is based mainly on the history of the animal and clinical signs, which are further supported by the cytological examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). This can also be helpful in monitoring the inflammation of the lower airways in response to environmental management and medication. The cytocentrifugated preparation is usually considered the method of choice for BAL cytological interpretation. The aim of this study was to compare the results in terms of differential cell counts (DCC) in BAL cytology performed on sedimented smears and cytocentrifugated preparations. To carry this out, 48 BAL samples were collected from six horses with SEA that were subjected to a process of exacerbation of the disease by environmental stimuli, which was later followed by the appropriate treatment. Each collected BAL fluid was equally divided into duplicate portions: one processed by cytocentrifugation and one by sediment smear from simple centrifugation. Cytologic examination of all BAL by both methods showed poor concordance in DCC, although it was still able to allow diagnostic recognition of severe lung neutrophilic disorders. These results suggest that sediment smear preparation, although remaining a useful method in general equine practice associated with clinical assessments in the diagnosis of SEA under conditions where there is no possibility of using a cytocentrifuge, cannot be considered a comparable alternative.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci10080527
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Perforated duodenal ulcer in a dog with gallbladder agenesis.

Ciammaichella, Luca / Foglia, Armando / Del Magno, Sara / Cola, Veronica / Zanardi, Stefano / Del Baldo, Francesca / Pietra, Marco / Morini, Maria / Pisoni, Luciano

Open veterinary journal

2023 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 376–381

Abstract: Background: Duodenal ulceration (DU) in dogs derives from different causes but has never previously been related to gallbladder agenesis (GA). GA is a rare congenital disorder in dogs and is considered a predisposing factor for DU in humans.: Case ... ...

Abstract	Background: Duodenal ulceration (DU) in dogs derives from different causes but has never previously been related to gallbladder agenesis (GA). GA is a rare congenital disorder in dogs and is considered a predisposing factor for DU in humans. Case description: A 5-month-old intact female Maltese was presented for acute vomiting and diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasound suggested duodenal perforation and absence of the gallbladder. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to treat the perforation and confirmed GA. Hepatic ductal plate malformation (DPM) was histologically diagnosed in liver biopsy, but no signs of liver dysfunction were detected by blood work at first admission. Two months later, the dog developed signs of portal hypertension and medical treatment was started. However, the clinical condition gradually worsened until liver failure and the dog was euthanized 8 months after surgery. Necropsy confirmed hepatic abnormalities. Conclusion: This report describes a case of DU associated with GA and DPM in a dog. As in humans, GA may represent a hepatobiliary disease predisposing to gastroduodenal ulcerations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dogs ; Female ; Animals ; Gallbladder/abnormalities ; Gallbladder/pathology ; Duodenal Ulcer/complications ; Duodenal Ulcer/diagnosis ; Duodenal Ulcer/veterinary ; Hypertension, Portal/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	Libya
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2651664-0
ISSN	2218-6050 ; 2218-6050
ISSN (online)	2218-6050
ISSN	2218-6050
DOI	10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i3.15
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Immunohistochemical Expression of Neurokinin-A and Interleukin-8 in the Bronchial Epithelium of Horses with Severe Equine Asthma Syndrome during Asymptomatic, Exacerbation, and Remission Phase

Morini, Maria / Peli, Angelo / Rinnovati, Riccardo / Magazzù, Giuseppe / Romagnoli, Noemi / Spadari, Alessandro / Pietra, Marco

Animals. 2021 May 12, v. 11, no. 5

2021

Abstract: Severe equine asthma (EA) syndrome is a chronic obstructive disease characterized by exaggerated contraction, inflammation, and structural alteration of the airways in adult horses, when exposed to airborne molds and particulate material. However, little ...

Abstract	Severe equine asthma (EA) syndrome is a chronic obstructive disease characterized by exaggerated contraction, inflammation, and structural alteration of the airways in adult horses, when exposed to airborne molds and particulate material. However, little is known about the relationship between the degree and type of inflammation on one hand, and the severity of the disease and the response to treatment on the other. Furthermore, to date, very few studies evaluate the diagnostic value of histology and immunohistochemical features of endoscopic biopsies on subjects with severe equine asthma. To investigate the expression of two inflammatory markers (NKA and IL-8) before, during, and after the exacerbation of severe EA, a histological and immunohistochemical study was carried out on a series of biopsy samples collected by bronchoscopy from six EA-affected horses subjected to process exacerbation through environmental stimuli and then to pharmacological treatment. The application of a histological biopsy scoring system revealed a significant difference between control cases and the EA-affected horses in all experimental phases (asymptomatic, early exacerbation phase, late exacerbation phase, and remission phase). For immunohistochemistry (IHC), only the intensity of NKA positivity increases significantly between control horses and the EA horses at late exacerbation and remission phases. In EA-affected horses, a difference was detected by comparing histology between asymptomatic and remission phase, meanwhile, NKA and IL-8 showed no differences between the experimental phases. Based on these results we can assert that: (1) The endoscopic biopsies generate reliable and homogeneous samples in the entire bronchial tree; (2) the clinical improvement associated with treatment is characterized by a significant worsening of the histological findings; and (3) the NKA immunopositivity seems to increase significantly rather than decrease, as one would have expected, after pharmacological treatment. Further studies are necessary both to implement the number of samples and to use other markers of inflammation to characterize the potential role of cytokines in the diagnosis and therapeutic approach of severe equine asthma.
Keywords	adults ; asthma ; biopsy ; bronchi ; bronchoscopy ; disease diagnosis ; epithelium ; horses ; immunohistochemistry ; inflammation ; interleukin-8 ; remission
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0512
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11051376
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Unusual Presentation of Aortic Valve Infective Endocarditis in a Dog: Aorto-Cavitary Fistula, Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis, and Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block

Romito, Giovanni / Diana, Alessia / Rigillo, Antonella / Morini, Maria / Cipone, Mario

Animals. 2021 Mar. 04, v. 11, no. 3

2021

Abstract	A 2-year-old Boxer with a history of subaortic stenosis and immunosuppressant therapy developed aortic valve infective endocarditis. On echocardiographic examination with simultaneous electrocardiographic tracing, multiple uncommon periannular complications of the aortic valve endocarditis were found, including aorto-cavitary fistula with diastolic left-to-right shunt, tricuspid valve endocarditis, and third-degree atrioventricular block. Necropsy confirmed the above echocardiographic findings. Although aortic valve endocarditis represents a well-known disease entity in dogs, the dynamic nature of this condition may allow development of complex and uncommon echocardiographic features.
Keywords	dogs ; echocardiography ; electrocardiography ; endocarditis ; fistula ; immunosuppressive agents ; necropsy ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0304
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11030690
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A Double Histochemical/Immunohistochemical Staining for the Identification of Canine Mast Cells in Light Microscopy

Gobbo, Francesca / Sarli, Giuseppe / De Silva, Margherita / Galiazzo, Giorgia / Chiocchetti, Roberto / Morini, Maria

Veterinary sciences. 2021 Oct. 12, v. 8, no. 10

2021

Abstract: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique in diagnostic pathology, but the simultaneous analysis of more than one antibody at a time with different chromogens is rather complex, time-consuming, and quite expensive. In order to facilitate the ... ...

Abstract	Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique in diagnostic pathology, but the simultaneous analysis of more than one antibody at a time with different chromogens is rather complex, time-consuming, and quite expensive. In order to facilitate the identification of mast cells (MCs) during immunohistochemical analysis of membrane and/or nuclear markers, we propose a new staining method that includes the association of IHC and toluidine blue as a counterstain. To achieve this goal, we tested c-kit, Ki67, and cannabinoid receptor 2 on several cases of cutaneous canine mast cell tumors (MCTs), cutaneous mastocytosis, and atopic dermatitis. The results obtained show how this double staining technique, although limited to non-cytoplasmic markers and of little use in poorly differentiated MCTs in which MC metachromasia is hard to see, can be used during the evaluation of nuclear and/or membranous immunohistochemical markers in all canine cutaneous disorders, especially if characterized by the presence of a low number of MCs. It can help to evaluate those MCTs in which neoplastic MCs must be clearly distinguished from inflammatory cells that can infiltrate the tumor itself, in facilitating the calculation of the Ki67 index. Moreover, it can be used to study the expression of new markers in both animal and human tissues containing MCs and in MC disorders.
Keywords	antibodies ; atopic dermatitis ; cannabinoid receptors ; dogs ; humans ; immunohistochemistry ; light microscopy ; mast cells ; neoplasms ; toluidine blue
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1012
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci8100229
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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