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Article ; Online: Characterization of the IS200/IS605 Insertion Sequence Family in

Sadler, Michael / R Mormile, Melanie / L Frank, Ronald

2020 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract: Mobile DNA elements play a significant evolutionary role by promoting genome plasticity. Insertion sequences are the smallest prokaryotic transposable elements. They are highly diverse elements, and the ability to accurately identify, annotate, and infer ...

Abstract	Mobile DNA elements play a significant evolutionary role by promoting genome plasticity. Insertion sequences are the smallest prokaryotic transposable elements. They are highly diverse elements, and the ability to accurately identify, annotate, and infer the full genomic impact of insertion sequences is lacking.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence/genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Firmicutes/genetics ; Helicobacter pylori/genetics ; Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Transposases/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Bacterial ; Transposases (EC 2.7.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes11050484
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Article ; Online: Clinical impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis.

Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Stefano / Mormile, Mauro / Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Alessandro / Guarino, Amedeo / Parrella, Roberto / Bocchino, Marialuisa

Le infezioni in medicina

2022 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 495–500

Abstract: During COVID-19 pandemic, a lot of diseases suffered from a limited access to health care services, owing to the use of resources, both technical and financial, mainly directed towards such a dramatic outbreak. Among these, tuberculosis (TB) has been one ...

Abstract	During COVID-19 pandemic, a lot of diseases suffered from a limited access to health care services, owing to the use of resources, both technical and financial, mainly directed towards such a dramatic outbreak. Among these, tuberculosis (TB) has been one of the most penalized, with a huge delay both in diagnosis and in start of treatment, with a consequential dramatic increase in morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 and tuberculosis share similar common pathogenetic pathways, and both diseases affect primarily the lungs. About the impact of TB on COVID-19 severity and mortality, data are unclear and literature reports are often conflicting. Certainly, considering the management of coinfected patients, there are pharmacokinetic interactions between several drugs used for the therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the treatment of TB.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2041081-5
ISSN	2532-8689 ; 1124-9390
ISSN (online)	2532-8689
ISSN	1124-9390
DOI	10.53854/liim-3004-3
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Article ; Online: Eosinophilic Airway Diseases: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Practice.

Mormile, Mauro / Mormile, Ilaria / Fuschillo, Salvatore / Rossi, Francesca Wanda / Lamagna, Laura / Ambrosino, Pasquale / de Paulis, Amato / Maniscalco, Mauro

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 8

Abstract: Eosinophils play a key role in airway inflammation in many diseases, such as allergic and non-allergic asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In these chronic disabling conditions, eosinophils ... ...

Abstract	Eosinophils play a key role in airway inflammation in many diseases, such as allergic and non-allergic asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In these chronic disabling conditions, eosinophils contribute to tissue damage, repair, remodeling, and disease persistence through the production a variety of mediators. With the introduction of biological drugs for the treatment of these respiratory diseases, the classification of patients based on clinical characteristics (phenotype) and pathobiological mechanisms (endotype) has become mandatory. This need is particularly evident in severe asthma, where, despite the great scientific efforts to understand the immunological pathways underlying clinical phenotypes, the identification of specific biomarkers defining endotypes or predicting pharmacological response remains unsatisfied. In addition, a significant heterogeneity also exists among patients with other airway diseases. In this review, we describe some of the immunological differences in eosinophilic airway inflammation associated with severe asthma and other airway diseases and how these factors might influence the clinical presentation, with the aim of clarifying when eosinophils play a key pathogenic role and, therefore, represent the preferred therapeutic target.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Asthma ; Hypersensitivity ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology ; Eosinophils ; Respiration Disorders/pathology ; Inflammation/pathology ; Chronic Disease ; Eosinophilia/complications ; Rhinitis/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24087254
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Article: Spontaneous Pneumo-Mediastinum in a Post-COVID-19 Patient with Systemic Sclerosis.

Mormile, Ilaria / Mormile, Mauro / Rea, Gaetano / Petraroli, Angelica / Barbieri, Vittoria / de Paulis, Amato / Rossi, Francesca Wanda

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 3

Abstract: Pulmonary involvement is the most common cause of death among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is particularly problematic to manage in SSc patients since they may experience a more severe evolution ... ...

Abstract	Pulmonary involvement is the most common cause of death among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is particularly problematic to manage in SSc patients since they may experience a more severe evolution of COVID-19 due to the pre-existent interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the administration of immunosuppressive treatments. In addition, the remarkable radiological similarities between SSc-ILD and COVID-19 complicate the differential diagnosis between these two entities. Herein, we present the first case of spontaneous pneumo-mediastinum in a post-COVID-19 patient with SSc. In our patient, both smoking and pulmonary fibrosis could lead to cyst formation, which possibly spontaneously broke and caused pneumo-mediastinum. Moreover, megaesophagus perforation due to the smooth muscle atrophy, replacement with fibrosis, and achalasia may extend into the mediastinum or pleural space and has also been described as a rare case of spontaneous pneumo-pericardium. Finally, spontaneous pneumo-mediastinum and pneumothorax have been recently reported as an established complication of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and among COVID-19 long-term complication. This case report underlines that the worsening of respiratory symptoms in SSc patients, especially when recovered from COVID-19, requires further investigations for ruling out other tentative diagnoses besides the evolution of the SSc-ILD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare10030529
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Article: Component resolved diagnosis by recombinant allergens in patients with allergies to inhalants.

Di Spigna, G / Ladogana, P / Covelli, B / Ricciardone, M / Salzano, S / Spalletti Cernia, D / Mormile, I / Varriale, G / Catapano, O / Spadaro, G / Mormile, M / Postiglione, L

Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents

2020 Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 1729–1737

Abstract: Molecular characterization of IgE reactivity of specific individual components of allergenic extracts is now possible due to the technology of recombinant allergens derived from studies of molecular biology of allergic pathology. The identification of ... ...

Abstract	Molecular characterization of IgE reactivity of specific individual components of allergenic extracts is now possible due to the technology of recombinant allergens derived from studies of molecular biology of allergic pathology. The identification of the immunoreactivity to single allergenic components in allergic subjects allows to specifically define her/his allergic profile and obtain the so-termed Component Resolved Diagnosis (CRD). Molecular allergens can be classified into those that induce the respiratory allergic reactivity and those that identify the food-related allergic pathology. It is also essential to identify those molecular allergens whose immunoreactivity is able to connect the two clinical conditions: respiratory symptoms and food allergy symptoms. The present study was conducted on 50 patients with a clinical history of hypersensitivity to pollen and/or allergy and positivity to Skin Prick Test. The sera were analyzed in our laboratories and the panel of recombinant allergens was applied in the case of positivity of the specific IgE. Of the 50 patients enrolled, 31 were selected as positive to 4 main pan-allergen Bet v1, Par j2, Art v1 and Phl p1; among these, 14 subjects showed one allergen-specific IgE towards natural extracts of tested foods even in absence of clinical history. CRD allows for an increased accuracy in allergy diagnosis and prognosis and plays an important role in: a) resolving genuine vs cross-reactive sensitization in poly-sensitized patients, b) assessing, in selected cases, the risk of severe, systemic vs mild, local reactions in food allergy, and c) identifying patients and triggering allergens for specific immunotherapy (ITS). In light of our results, we believe that the transition from a diagnostic based on the use of allergenic extracts to another one based on the use of single allergenic molecules that is able to define the specific allergenic profile of each patient, seems to be able to revolutionize the allergy diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Allergens ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Male ; Pollen/immunology ; Skin Tests
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-17
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639196-5
ISSN	1724-6083 ; 0393-974X
ISSN (online)	1724-6083
ISSN	0393-974X
DOI	10.23812/20-297-A
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Article: Radiological patterns and pulmonary function values of lung involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A pilot analysis.

Mormile, Ilaria / Mormile, Mauro / Rossi, Francesca Wanda / Williams, Michela / Valente, Tullio / Candia, Claudio / Granata, Francescopaolo / Rega, Roberto / Orlandi, Martina / Matucci-Cerinic, Marco / Molino, Antonio / de Paulis, Amato

Frontiers in medicine

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 998028

Abstract: Background: Lung involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) may vary from 9 to 90%. Interstitial lung disease and tracheobronchial alterations are the most typical findings. The evidence of primarily emphysematous changes at computed tomography of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Lung involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) may vary from 9 to 90%. Interstitial lung disease and tracheobronchial alterations are the most typical findings. The evidence of primarily emphysematous changes at computed tomography of the chest of pSS patients has occasionally been described but poorly characterized. This study aims to assess pulmonary involvement and the impact on respiratory function in a cohort of pSS patients. Materials and methods: A total of 22 consecutive patients diagnosed with pSS underwent pulmonary function tests to investigate the presence of ventilatory impairment and evaluate the exchanges of alveolar gases. All patients underwent a chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRTC). Results: Dynamic volumes were within the normal range in 21 patients (95.4%). A reduction in the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was observed in 18 patients (81.8%). Ten (45.5%) patients showed a mild degree deficit, while 8 patients (36%) showed a moderate degree deficit. Analysis of DLCO revealed a significant difference between pSS patients and controls [ Conclusion: The reduction of the DLCO could be related to early emphysematous alterations in the absence of spirometric alterations and relevant respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, emphysema might be seen as an early pulmonary involvement mark in patients suffering from pSS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2022.998028
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Article: Circulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) at COVID-19 onset predicts severity status.

Brusa, Stefano / Terracciano, Daniela / Bruzzese, Dario / Fiorenza, Mariano / Stanziola, Lucia / Pinchera, Biagio / Valente, Valeria / Gentile, Ivan / Cittadini, Antonio / Mormile, Ilaria / Mormile, Mauro / Portella, Giuseppe

Frontiers in medicine

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 1034288

Abstract: Background: Systemic biomarkers for severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection are of great interest. In this study, we evaluated a set of collagen metabolites and extracellular matrix remodeling biomarkers including procollagen type III amino terminal propeptide ...

Abstract	Background: Systemic biomarkers for severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection are of great interest. In this study, we evaluated a set of collagen metabolites and extracellular matrix remodeling biomarkers including procollagen type III amino terminal propeptide (PIIINP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as prognostic indicators in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Ninety COVID-19 patients with the absence of chronic liver diseases were enrolled. Serum PIIINP, TIMP-1, and HA were measured and correlated with inflammatory indices and clinical variables. Patients were stratified for disease severity according to WHO criteria in two groups, based on the requirement of oxygen support. Results: Serum TIMP-1, but not PIIINP and HA was significantly higher in patients with WHO score ≥5 compared to patients with WHO score <5 [PIIINP: 7.2 (5.4-9.5) vs. 7.1 (4.5-9.9), Conclusion: In patients with COVID-19, circulating TIMP-1 was associated with disease severity and with systemic inflammatory index, suggesting that TIMP-1 could represent a promising non-invasive prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, our results prompted that serum TIMP-1 level may potentially be used to select the patients for therapeutic approaches targeting matrix metalloproteases pathway.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2022.1034288
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Article: Lymphocyte Population Changes at Two Time Points during the Acute Period of COVID-19 Infection.

Scalia, Giulia / Raia, Maddalena / Gelzo, Monica / Cacciapuoti, Sara / Rosa, Annunziata De / Pinchera, Biagio / Scotto, Riccardo / Tripodi, Lorella / Mormile, Mauro / Fabbrocini, Gabriella / Gentile, Ivan / Parrella, Roberto / Castaldo, Giuseppe / Scialò, Filippo

Journal of clinical medicine

2022 Volume 11, Issue 15

Abstract: We previously observed an increase of serum interleukins (IL) and a reduction of most lymphocyte subpopulations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the changes in serum IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A levels and cytometric lymphocyte ... ...

Abstract	We previously observed an increase of serum interleukins (IL) and a reduction of most lymphocyte subpopulations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the changes in serum IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A levels and cytometric lymphocyte profiles in 144 COVID-19 patients at admission and after one week, also in relation to steroid treatment before hospitalization. After one week of hospitalization, we found that: (i) total lymphocytes were increased in all patients; (ii) neutrophils and IL-6 were reduced in mild/moderate patients; (iii) B lymphocytes were increased in severe patients; (iv) T lymphocyte populations increased in mild/moderate patients. In the eight patients that died during hospitalization, total leukocytes increased while T, T helper, T cytotoxic, T regulatory, and NK lymphocytes showed a reducing trend in five of the eight patients. Even if seven days are too few to evaluate the adaptive immunity of patients, we found that the steroid therapy was associated with a reduced COVID-19 inflammation and cytokine activation only in patients with severe disease, while in patients with less severe disease, the steroid therapy seems to have immunosuppressive effects on lymphocyte populations, and this could hamper the antiviral response. A better knowledge of cytokine and lymphocyte alterations in each COVID-19 patient could be useful to plan better treatment with steroids or cytokine targeting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm11154306
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Article ; Online: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 3 and 9 as biomarkers of severity in COVID-19 patients.

Gelzo, Monica / Cacciapuoti, Sara / Pinchera, Biagio / De Rosa, Annunziata / Cernera, Gustavo / Scialò, Filippo / Comegna, Marika / Mormile, Mauro / Fabbrocini, Gabriella / Parrella, Roberto / Corso, Gaetano / Gentile, Ivan / Castaldo, Giuseppe

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 1212

Abstract: The molecular basis of the wide clinical heterogeneity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still unknown. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may have a role in the lung damage and regeneration that occur in severe patients. We studied serum MMP3 and ... ...

Abstract	The molecular basis of the wide clinical heterogeneity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still unknown. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may have a role in the lung damage and regeneration that occur in severe patients. We studied serum MMP3 and MMP9 as potential biomarkers of COVID-19 severity, in 108 hospitalized patients with different World Health Organization (WHO) severity stage and in 48 controls. At hospital admission, serum MMP3 was increased in COVID-19 patients with a significant trend along the progression of the WHO stage, while serum levels of MMP9 were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients with no correlation with disease severity. At 1 week from hospitalization, MMP3 was reduced, suggesting an early pathogenic role of the protein in lung inflammation, while MMP9 levels were further increased, indicating a late role of the protein in the inflammatory process, specifically during the repairing phase. Furthermore, serum MMP9 was positively correlated with serum interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, and circulating neutrophils and monocytes number. In conclusion, serum MMP3 may help to early predict the severity of COVID-19 and both proteins, MMP3 and MMP9, may contribute to define severe COVID-19 patients that may benefit from a targeted therapy on MMPs.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; COVID-19/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/blood ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood ; Middle Aged ; Patient Acuity ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; MMP3 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.17) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (EC 3.4.24.17) ; MMP9 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.35) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (EC 3.4.24.35)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-04677-8
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Article ; Online: Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS): Why a Different Production in COVID-19 Patients of the Two Waves?

Gelzo, Monica / Scialò, Filippo / Cacciapuoti, Sara / Pinchera, Biagio / De Rosa, Annunziata / Cernera, Gustavo / Comegna, Marika / Tripodi, Lorella / Schiano Moriello, Nicola / Mormile, Mauro / Fabbrocini, Gabriella / Parrella, Roberto / Corso, Gaetano / Gentile, Ivan / Castaldo, Giuseppe

Viruses

2022 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: Profound clinical differences between the first and second waves of COVID-19 were observed in Europe. Nitric oxide (NO) may positively impact patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. It is mainly generated by ... ...

Abstract	Profound clinical differences between the first and second waves of COVID-19 were observed in Europe. Nitric oxide (NO) may positively impact patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. It is mainly generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We studied serum iNOS levels together with serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first wave (
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; NOS2 protein, human (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14030534
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