Article ; Online: The adaptive landscape of wildtype and glycosylation-deficient populations of the industrial yeast Pichia pastoris.
BMC genomics
2017 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 597
Abstract: Background: The effects of long-term environmental adaptation and the implications of major cellular malfunctions are still poorly understood for non-model but biotechnologically relevant species. In this study we performed a large-scale laboratory ... ...
| Abstract | Background: The effects of long-term environmental adaptation and the implications of major cellular malfunctions are still poorly understood for non-model but biotechnologically relevant species. In this study we performed a large-scale laboratory evolution experiment with 48 populations of the yeast Pichia pastoris in order to establish a general adaptive landscape upon long-term selection in several glucose-based growth environments. As a model for a cellular malfunction the implications of OCH1 mannosyltransferase knockout-mediated glycosylation-deficiency were analyzed. Results: In-depth growth profiling of evolved populations revealed several instances of genotype-dependent growth trade-off/cross-benefit correlations in non-evolutionary growth conditions. On the genome level a high degree of mutational convergence was observed among independent populations. Environment-dependent mutational hotspots were related to osmotic stress-, Rim - and cAMP signaling pathways. In agreement with the observed growth phenotypes, our data also suggest diverging compensatory mutations in glycosylation-deficient populations. High osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway loss-of-functions mutations, including genes such as SSK2 and SSK4, represented a major adaptive strategy during environmental adaptation. However, genotype-specific HOG-related mutations were predominantly observed in opposing environmental conditions. Surprisingly, such mutations emerged during salt stress adaptation in OCH1 knockout populations and led to growth trade-offs in non-adaptive conditions that were distinct from wildtype HOG-mutants. Further environment-dependent mutations were identified for a hitherto uncharacterized species-specific Gal4-like transcriptional regulator involved in environmental sensing. Conclusion: We show that metabolic constraints such as glycosylation-deficiency can contribute to evolution on the molecular level, even in non-diverging growth environments. Our dataset suggests universal adaptive mechanisms involving cellular stress response and cAMP/PKA signaling but also the existence of highly species-specific strategies involving unique transcriptional regulators, improving our biological understanding of distinct Ascomycetes species. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Adaptation, Physiological ; Environment ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genotype ; Glycosylation ; Mannosyltransferases/deficiency ; Mannosyltransferases/genetics ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Pichia/drug effects ; Pichia/genetics ; Pichia/metabolism ; Pichia/physiology ; Salts/pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological/drug effects |
| Chemical Substances | Salts ; Mannosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2017-08-10 |
| Publishing country | England |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ISSN | 1471-2164 |
| ISSN (online) | 1471-2164 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12864-017-3952-7 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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