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Article ; Online: Ovary Dissection Is a Sensitive Measure of Sterility in Anopheles gambiae Exposed to the Insect Growth Regulator Pyriproxyfen

Soto, Alina / Rowland, Mark / Messenger, Louisa A. / Kirby, Mathew / Mosha, Franklin W. / Manjurano, Alphaxard / Protopopoff, Natacha

Insects. 2023 June 14, v. 14, no. 6

2023

Abstract: Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is an insect growth regulator used in the co-treatment of long-lasting insecticidal nets for its ability to sterilize female mosquitoes. To evaluate the efficacy of PPF-treated nets on mosquito reproductivity, most studies observe ... ...

Abstract	Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is an insect growth regulator used in the co-treatment of long-lasting insecticidal nets for its ability to sterilize female mosquitoes. To evaluate the efficacy of PPF-treated nets on mosquito reproductivity, most studies observe oviposition (egg-laying) rates in the laboratory. This technique has several technical disadvantages. Our study assessed if ovarial dissection could serve as an effective proxy for evaluating sterility in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Blood-fed females were exposed to untreated or PPF-treated nets in cylinder assays and followed over several days to observe oviposition rates or egg development by dissection. For identifying PPF-exposed mosquitoes, both techniques demonstrated high sensitivity (oviposition: 99.1%; dissection: 100.0%), but for identifying non-exposed mosquitoes, specificity was significantly higher in the dissection group (52.5% vs. 18.9%). To assess whether dissection could be applied to nets treated with a pyrethroid or co-treated with a pyrethroid and PPF in tunnel tests, a blinded investigator performed dissections to predict the PPF exposure status across different treatment groups. The exposure status of dissected females was predicted with >90% accuracy. We report that dissection is a sensitive technique to assess sterility in female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes and can be used as a predictor of PPF exposure.
Keywords	Anopheles gambiae ; dissection ; eggs ; females ; insect growth regulators ; oviposition ; pyrethrins ; pyriproxyfen
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0614
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2662247-6
ISSN	2075-4450
ISSN	2075-4450
DOI	10.3390/insects14060552
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Factors associated with malaria infection among children after distribution of PBO-pyrethroid synergist-treated nets and indoor residual spraying in north-western Tanzania.

Kibondo, Ummi Abdul / Renju, Jenny / Lukole, Eliud / Mosha, Jacklin F / Mosha, Franklin W / Manjurano, Alphaxard / Rowland, Mark / Protopopoff, Natacha

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) e0295800

Abstract: Background: After a decade of successful control, malaria is on the rise again. The prevalence of malaria in Tanzania has increased from 7% in 2017 to 8% in 2022 and reached 18% in Kagera region in the North West of Tanzania. Malaria vectors in Muleba ... ...

Abstract	Background: After a decade of successful control, malaria is on the rise again. The prevalence of malaria in Tanzania has increased from 7% in 2017 to 8% in 2022 and reached 18% in Kagera region in the North West of Tanzania. Malaria vectors in Muleba district Kagera have high level of pyrethroid resistance. The aim of this paper is to explore factors associated with malaria infection prevalence in children aged 6 months to 14 years in Muleba, where Long Lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) combining a pyrethroid insecticide and synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) that counteract resistance in the mosquitoes, was first distributed under trial conditions in 2015. Methods: The trial was a community randomized control in which there were two malaria prevalence cross-sectional household surveys each year (June and December) from 2015 to 2017 in Muleba. In this study we conducted a secondary data analysis of the December surveys only. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with malaria infection. Results: A total of 10,941 children and 4,611 households were included in this study. Overall malaria prevalence was 35.8%, 53.3% and 54.4% in the year 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. Living in an area with standard LLIN as opposed to the novel PBO synergist LLIN, being a male child, above 5 years of age, living in a house with open eaves, living in house without IRS, having head of household with no formal education, lower socioeconomic status and survey year were associated with increased risk of malaria infection. Conclusions: Using PBO LLIN reduced the risk of malaria infection. However, additional measures could further reduce malaria infection in areas of insecticide resistance such as housing improvement.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Mosquito Control ; Insecticide-Treated Bednets ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Insecticide Resistance ; Mosquito Vectors
Chemical Substances	Pyrethrins ; Insecticides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0295800
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Ovary Dissection Is a Sensitive Measure of Sterility in

Soto, Alina / Rowland, Mark / Messenger, Louisa A / Kirby, Mathew / Mosha, Franklin W / Manjurano, Alphaxard / Protopopoff, Natacha

Insects

2023 Volume 14, Issue 6

Abstract	Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is an insect growth regulator used in the co-treatment of long-lasting insecticidal nets for its ability to sterilize female mosquitoes. To evaluate the efficacy of PPF-treated nets on mosquito reproductivity, most studies observe oviposition (egg-laying) rates in the laboratory. This technique has several technical disadvantages. Our study assessed if ovarial dissection could serve as an effective proxy for evaluating sterility in
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662247-6
ISSN	2075-4450
ISSN	2075-4450
DOI	10.3390/insects14060552
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Article: Genetic Sequence Variation in the Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Gene from Field Isolates in Tanzania: Impact on Malaria Rapid Diagnosis

Kaaya, Robert D. / Amour, Caroline / Matowo, Johnson J. / Mosha, Franklin W. / Kavishe, Reginald A. / Beshir, Khalid B.

Genes. 2022 Sept. 13, v. 13, no. 9

2022

Abstract: Malaria rapid diagnosis test (RDT) is crucial for managing the disease, and the effectiveness of detection depends on parameters such as sensitivity and specificity of the RDT. Several factors can affect the performance of RDT. In this study, we focused ... ...

Abstract	Malaria rapid diagnosis test (RDT) is crucial for managing the disease, and the effectiveness of detection depends on parameters such as sensitivity and specificity of the RDT. Several factors can affect the performance of RDT. In this study, we focused on the pfhrp2 sequence variation and its impact on RDTs targeted by antigens encoded by Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2). Field samples collected during cross-sectional surveys in Tanzania were sequenced to investigate the pfhrp2 sequence diversity and evaluate the impact on HRP2-based RDT performance. We observed significant mean differences in amino acid repeats between current and previous studies. Several new amino acid repeats were found to occur at different frequencies, including types AAY, AHHAHHAAN, and AHHAA. Based on the abundance of types 2 and 7 amino acid repeats, the binary predictive model was able to predict RDT insensitivity by about 69% in the study area. About 85% of the major epitopes targeted by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in RDT were identified. Our study suggested that the extensive sequence variation in pfhrp2 can contribute to reduced RDT sensitivity. The correlation between the different combinations of amino acid repeats and the performance of RDT in different malaria transmission settings should be investigated further.
Keywords	Plasmodium falciparum ; amino acids ; epitopes ; genes ; malaria ; models ; sequence diversity ; Tanzania
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0913
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes13091642
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Efficacy of bednets with dual insecticide-treated netting (Interceptor® G2) on side and roof panels against Anopheles arabiensis in north-eastern Tanzania

Mbewe, Njelembo J. / Rowland, Mark W. / Snetselaar, Janneke / Azizi, Salum / Small, Graham / Nimmo, Derric D. / Mosha, Franklin W.

Parasites & vectors. 2022 Dec., v. 15, no. 1

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimising insecticide use and managing insecticide resistance are important to sustain gains against malaria using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Restricting insecticides to where mosquitoes are most likely to make multiple contacts ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Optimising insecticide use and managing insecticide resistance are important to sustain gains against malaria using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Restricting insecticides to where mosquitoes are most likely to make multiple contacts could reduce the quantity of insecticide needed to treat the nets. Previous studies have shown that nets partially treated with a pyrethroid insecticide had equivalent mortality compared to a fully treated net. This study compared the efficacy of: (i) whole Interceptor® G2 nets (IG2; a dual-active LLIN containing alpha-cypermethrin and chlorfenapyr), (ii) nets with roof panels made of IG2 netting, (iii) nets with side panels made of IG2 netting and (iv) whole untreated nets as test nets. METHODS: The study was conducted in cow-baited experimental huts, Moshi Tanzania, using a four-arm Latin square design. Test nets had 30 holes cut in panels to simulate a typical net after 2–3 year use. The trial data were analysed using generalized linear models with mortality, blood-feeding, exophily and deterrence against wild free-flying Anopheles arabiensis as outcomes and test nets as predictors. RESULTS: Mortality was significantly higher in the nets with roof IG2 [27%, P = 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 51.0, 95% CI = 4.8–546.2), side IG2 (44%, P < 0.001, OR = 137.6, 95% CI = 12.2–1553.2] and whole IG2 (53%, P < 0.001, OR = 223.0, 95% CI = 19.07–2606.0) nettings than the untreated (1%) nets. Mortality was also significantly higher in the whole IG2 net compared to the net with roof IG2 netting (P = 0.009, OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.4–13.3). Blood feeding was 22% in untreated, 10% in roof IG2, 14% in side IG2 and 19% in whole IG2 nets. Exiting was 92% in untreated, 89% in roof IG2, 97% in side IG2 and 94% whole IG2 nets. CONCLUSION: The results show that although the roof-treated IG2 net induced greater mortality compared to untreated nets, its efficacy was reduced compared to whole IG2 nets. Therefore, there was no benefit to be gained from restricting dual-active ingredient IG2 netting to the roof of nets.
Keywords	Anopheles arabiensis ; bed nets ; chlorfenapyr ; cypermethrin ; hematophagy ; ingredients ; insecticide application ; insecticide resistance ; malaria ; mortality ; odds ratio ; pyrethrins ; Tanzania
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 326.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-022-05454-w
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Martin, Jackline / Lukole, Eliud / Messenger, Louisa A / Aziz, Tatu / Mallya, Elizabeth / Bernard, Edmond / Matowo, Nancy S / Mosha, Jacklin F / Rowland, Mark / Mosha, Franklin W / Manjurano, Alphaxard / Protopopoff, Natacha

Insects

2024 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: Pyrethroid-treated long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been the main contributor to the reduction in malaria in the past two decades in sub-Saharan Africa. The development of pyrethroid insecticide resistance threatens the future of LLINs, ... ...

Abstract	Pyrethroid-treated long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been the main contributor to the reduction in malaria in the past two decades in sub-Saharan Africa. The development of pyrethroid insecticide resistance threatens the future of LLINs, especially when nets become holed and pyrethroid decays. In this study, three new classes of dual-active ingredient (AI) LLINs were evaluated for their physical durability: (1) Royal Guard, combining pyriproxyfen, which disrupts female fertility, and a pyrethroid, alpha-cypermethrin; (2) Interceptor G2, which combines the pyrrole chlorfenapyr and a pyrethroid (alpha-cypermethrin); (3) Olyset Plus, which incorporates the pyrethroid permethrin and the synergist piperonyl butoxide, to enhance the pyrethroid potency; and Interceptor, a reference net that contains alpha-cypermethrin as the sole active ingredient. About 40,000 nets of each type were distributed in February 2019 to different villages in Misungwi. A total of 3072 LLINs were followed up every 6-12 months up to 36 months to assess survivorship and fabric integrity. The median functional survival was less than three years with Interceptor, Interceptor G2, and Royal Guard showing 1.9 years each and Olyset Plus showing 0.9 years. After 36 months, 90% of Olyset Plus and Royal Guard and 87% of Interceptor G2 were no longer in use (discarded) due to wear and tear, compared to 79% for Interceptor. All dual-AI LLINs exhibited poor textile durability, with Olyset Plus being the worst.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662247-6
ISSN	2075-4450
ISSN	2075-4450
DOI	10.3390/insects15020108
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Article ; Online: Is

Azizi, Salum / Mbewe, Njelembo J / Mo, Hosiana / Edward, Felista / Sumari, Godwin / Mwacha, Silvia / Msapalla, Agness / Mawa, Benson / Mosha, Franklin / Matowo, Johnson

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

2024 Volume 5, Page(s) 100172

Abstract: Indiscriminate use of pesticides in the public health and agriculture sectors has contributed to the development of resistance in malaria vectors following exposure to sub-lethal concentrations. To preserve the efficacy of vector control tools and ... ...

Abstract	Indiscriminate use of pesticides in the public health and agriculture sectors has contributed to the development of resistance in malaria vectors following exposure to sub-lethal concentrations. To preserve the efficacy of vector control tools and prevent resistance from spreading, early resistance detection is urgently needed to inform management strategies. The introduction of new insecticides for controlling malaria vectors such as clothianidin and chlorfenapyr requires research to identify early markers of resistance which could be used in routine surveillance. This study investigated phenotypic resistance of
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2667-114X
ISSN (online)	2667-114X
DOI	10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100172
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Article ; Online: Deletions of the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 genes are common in field isolates from north-eastern Tanzania.

Kaaya, Robert D / Kavishe, Reginald A / Tenu, Filemon F / Matowo, Johnson J / Mosha, Franklin W / Drakeley, Chris / Sutherland, Colin J / Beshir, Khalid B

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 5802

Abstract: Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 (pfhrp2/3) genes have been reported in several parts of the world. These deletions are known to compromise the effectiveness of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (HRP2-RDT). ... ...

Abstract	Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 (pfhrp2/3) genes have been reported in several parts of the world. These deletions are known to compromise the effectiveness of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (HRP2-RDT). The National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) in Tanzania adopted HRP2-RDTs as a routine tool for malaria diagnosis in 2009 replacing microscopy in many Health facilities. We investigated pfhrp2/3 deletions in 122 samples from two areas with diverse malaria transmission intensities in Northeastern Tanzania. Pfhrp2 deletion was confirmed in 1.6% of samples while pfhrp3 deletion was confirmed in 50% of samples. We did not find parasites with both pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions among our samples. Results from this study highlight the need for systematic surveillance of pfhrp2/3 deletions in Tanzania to understand their prevalence and determine their impact on the performance of mRDT.
MeSH term(s)	Antigens, Protozoan/genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Histidine/genetics ; Humans ; Malaria/genetics ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Tanzania
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Protozoan ; Protozoan Proteins ; Histidine (4QD397987E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-09878-3
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Article: The Impact of Submicroscopic Parasitemia on Malaria Rapid Diagnosis in Northeastern Tanzania, an Area with Diverse Transmission Patterns.

Kaaya, Robert Diotrephes / Matowo, Johnson / Kajeguka, Debora / Tenu, Filemoni / Shirima, Boniface / Mosha, Franklin / Kavishe, Reginald

Infectious disease reports

2022 Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 798–809

Abstract: Global malaria epidemiology has changed in the last decade with a substantial increase in cases and deaths being recorded. Tanzania accounts for about 4% of all cases and deaths reported in recent years. Several factors contribute to the resurgence of ... ...

Abstract	Global malaria epidemiology has changed in the last decade with a substantial increase in cases and deaths being recorded. Tanzania accounts for about 4% of all cases and deaths reported in recent years. Several factors contribute to the resurgence of malaria, parasite resistance to antimalarials and mosquito resistance to insecticides being at the top of the list. The presence of sub-microscopic infections poses a significant challenge to malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT). Our cross-sectional surveys in Handeni and Moshi, Tanzania assessed the effect of low parasite density on mRDT. Handeni had higher malaria prevalence by mRDT (39.6%), light microscopy (LM) (16.9%) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (18.5%), compared to Moshi with prevalence of 0.2%, 1.3% and 2.3%, respectively. A significant difference (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2036-7430
ISSN	2036-7430
DOI	10.3390/idr14060082
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Article ; Online: Genetic Sequence Variation in the

Kaaya, Robert D / Amour, Caroline / Matowo, Johnson J / Mosha, Franklin W / Kavishe, Reginald A / Beshir, Khalid B

Genes

2022 Volume 13, Issue 9

Abstract	Malaria rapid diagnosis test (RDT) is crucial for managing the disease, and the effectiveness of detection depends on parameters such as sensitivity and specificity of the RDT. Several factors can affect the performance of RDT. In this study, we focused on the
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epitopes ; Histidine/genetics ; Humans ; Malaria ; Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis ; Malaria, Falciparum/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tanzania
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Epitopes ; Histidine (4QD397987E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes13091642
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