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  1. Article ; Online: Does a presentation's medium affect its message? PowerPoint, Prezi, and oral presentations.

    Moulton, Samuel T / Türkay, Selen / Kosslyn, Stephen M

    PloS one

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) e0178774

    Abstract: Despite the prevalence of PowerPoint in professional and educational presentations, surprisingly little is known about how effective such presentations are. All else being equal, are PowerPoint presentations better than purely oral presentations or those ...

    Abstract Despite the prevalence of PowerPoint in professional and educational presentations, surprisingly little is known about how effective such presentations are. All else being equal, are PowerPoint presentations better than purely oral presentations or those that use alternative software tools? To address this question we recreated a real-world business scenario in which individuals presented to a corporate board. Participants (playing the role of the presenter) were randomly assigned to create PowerPoint, Prezi, or oral presentations, and then actually delivered the presentation live to other participants (playing the role of corporate executives). Across two experiments and on a variety of dimensions, participants evaluated PowerPoint presentations comparably to oral presentations, but evaluated Prezi presentations more favorably than both PowerPoint and oral presentations. There was some evidence that participants who viewed different types of presentations came to different conclusions about the business scenario, but no evidence that they remembered or comprehended the scenario differently. We conclude that the observed effects of presentation format are not merely the result of novelty, bias, experimenter-, or software-specific characteristics, but instead reveal a communication preference for using the panning-and-zooming animations that characterize Prezi presentations.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Audiovisual Aids/classification ; Audiovisual Aids/utilization ; Communication ; Female ; Humans ; Information Dissemination/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Software ; Speech ; Teaching ; Teaching Materials/standards ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0178774
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Mind wandering and education: from the classroom to online learning.

    Szpunar, Karl K / Moulton, Samuel T / Schacter, Daniel L

    Frontiers in psychology

    2013  Volume 4, Page(s) 495

    Abstract: In recent years, cognitive and educational psychologists have become interested in applying principles of cognitive psychology to education. Here, we discuss the importance of understanding the nature and occurrence of mind wandering in the context of ... ...

    Abstract In recent years, cognitive and educational psychologists have become interested in applying principles of cognitive psychology to education. Here, we discuss the importance of understanding the nature and occurrence of mind wandering in the context of classroom and online lectures. In reviewing the relevant literature, we begin by considering early studies that provide important clues about student attentiveness via dependent measures such as physical markers of inattention, note taking, and retention. We then provide a broad overview of studies that have directly measured mind wandering in the classroom and online learning environments. Finally, we conclude by discussing interventions that might be effective at curbing the occurrence of mind wandering in educational settings, and consider various avenues of future research that we believe can shed light on this well-known but little studied phenomenon.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-08-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00495
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Imagining predictions: mental imagery as mental emulation.

    Moulton, Samuel T / Kosslyn, Stephen M

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2009  Volume 364, Issue 1521, Page(s) 1273–1280

    Abstract: We argue that the primary function of mental imagery is to allow us to generate specific predictions based upon past experience. All imagery allows us to answer 'what if' questions by making explicit and accessible the likely consequences of being in a ... ...

    Abstract We argue that the primary function of mental imagery is to allow us to generate specific predictions based upon past experience. All imagery allows us to answer 'what if' questions by making explicit and accessible the likely consequences of being in a specific situation or performing a specific action. Imagery is also characterized by its reliance on perceptual representations and activation of perceptual brain systems. We use this conception of imagery to argue that all imagery is simulation-more specifically, it is a specific type of simulation in which the mental processes that 'run' the simulation emulate those that would actually operate in the simulated scenario. This type of simulation, which we label emulation, has benefits over other types of simulations that merely mimic the content of the simulated scenario.
    MeSH term(s) Concept Formation/physiology ; Humans ; Imagination/physiology ; Memory/physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-06-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0314
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Using neuroimaging to resolve the psi debate.

    Moulton, Samuel T / Kosslyn, Stephen M

    Journal of cognitive neuroscience

    2008  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 182–192

    Abstract: Abstract Parapsychology is the scientific investigation of apparently paranormal mental phenomena (such as telepathy, i.e., "mind reading"), also known as psi. Despite widespread public belief in such phenomena and over 75 years of experimentation, there ...

    Abstract Abstract Parapsychology is the scientific investigation of apparently paranormal mental phenomena (such as telepathy, i.e., "mind reading"), also known as psi. Despite widespread public belief in such phenomena and over 75 years of experimentation, there is no compelling evidence that psi exists. In the present study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in an effort to document the existence of psi. If psi exists, it occurs in the brain, and hence, assessing the brain directly should be more sensitive than using indirect behavioral methods (as have been used previously). To increase sensitivity, this experiment was designed to produce positive results if telepathy, clairvoyance (i.e., direct sensing of remote events), or precognition (i.e., knowing future events) exist. Moreover, the study included biologically or emotionally related participants (e.g., twins) and emotional stimuli in an effort to maximize experimental conditions that are purportedly conducive to psi. In spite of these characteristics of the study, psi stimuli and non-psi stimuli evoked indistinguishable neuronal responses-although differences in stimulus arousal values of the same stimuli had the expected effects on patterns of brain activation. These findings are the strongest evidence yet obtained against the existence of paranormal mental phenomena.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parapsychology ; Telepathy/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1007410-7
    ISSN 1530-8898 ; 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    ISSN (online) 1530-8898
    ISSN 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    DOI 10.1162/jocn.2008.20.1.182
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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