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  1. Article ; Online: Effects of fuel bed structure on heat transfer mechanisms within and above porous fuel beds in quiescent flame spread scenarios

    Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary / Walker-Ravena, Carlos / Gallagher, Michael / Skowronski, Nicholas / Mueller, Eric V. / Hadden, Rory M.

    International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2023, v. 32, no. 6 p.913-926

    2023  

    Abstract: Background Further understanding of the effect of fuel structure on underlying physical phenomena controlling flame spread is required given the lack of a coherent porous flame spread theory. Aims To systematically investigate the effect of fuel ... ...

    Abstract Background Further understanding of the effect of fuel structure on underlying physical phenomena controlling flame spread is required given the lack of a coherent porous flame spread theory. Aims To systematically investigate the effect of fuel structure on the heat transfer mechanisms within and above porous fuel beds. Methods Radiant and total heat fluxes were measured in two extended series of laboratory-based quiescent flame spread experiments in pine needle beds across a range of structural conditions (various fuel loadings, bulk densities, and fuel depths). Key results Peak radiant heat fluxes from the in-bed combustion region were greater than peak radiant heat fluxes from the above-bed flame front for all of the studied fuel conditions. However, the magnitude and duration of radiant heating from the above-bed flame increased with fuel loading (where bulk density was held constant and fuel depth allowed to vary). Conclusions Our study highlighted the important role of fuel structure on heat transfer mechanisms, and the relevance of development of semi-empirical and simplified physics-based models. Implications The interdependent effects of fuel bed properties on the underlying heat transfer mechanisms must be considered in the further development of coherent, flame spread theories.
    Keywords bulk density ; combustion ; conifer needles ; fuel bed ; fuels ; heat transfer ; wildfires ; fire modelling ; flame spread ; fuel structure ; heat flux ; pitch pine ; prescribed fire ; thermal model
    Language English
    Size p. 913-926.
    Publishing place CSIRO Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1331562-6
    ISSN 1448-5516 ; 1049-8001
    ISSN (online) 1448-5516
    ISSN 1049-8001
    DOI 10.1071/WF22129
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Utilization of remote sensing techniques for the quantification of fire behavior in two pine stands

    Mueller, Eric V / Nicholas Skowronski / Kenneth Clark / Michael Gallagher / Robert Kremens / Jan C. Thomas / Mohamad El Houssami / Alexander Filkov / Rory M. Hadden / William Mell / Albert Simeoni

    Elsevier Ltd Fire safety journal. 2017 July, v. 91

    2017  

    Abstract: Quantification of field-scale fire behavior is necessary to improve the current scientific understanding of wildland fires and to develop and test relevant, physics-based models. In particular, detailed descriptions of individual fires are required, for ... ...

    Abstract Quantification of field-scale fire behavior is necessary to improve the current scientific understanding of wildland fires and to develop and test relevant, physics-based models. In particular, detailed descriptions of individual fires are required, for which the available literature is limited. In this work, two such field-scale experiments, carried out in pine stands under mild conditions, are presented. A particular focus was placed on non-intrusive measurement, as the capabilities of advanced remote sensing techniques, along with more traditional approaches, are explored. A description of the fires is presented, with spread occurring predominantly in the surface fuels with intensities in the range of 200–4400kWm⁻¹, and punctuated by isolated regions of crown fire. The occurrence of crown fire is investigated and linked to regions of greater canopy density, and it is found that the total fire intensity may increase locally to as much as 21,000kWm⁻¹. The light winds do not appear to play a direct role in the changes in fire behavior, while fuel structure may be important. The measurements described herein provided a reasonable overall description of the fires, however, the current resolution (both spatial and temporal) falls short of definitively explaining some transitional aspects of the fire behavior, and future improvements are suggested.
    Keywords canopy ; fire intensity ; fuels ; models ; remote sensing ; wildfires ; wind speed
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-07
    Size p. 845-854.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1483569-1
    ISSN 0379-7112
    ISSN 0379-7112
    DOI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.076
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Investigation of firebrand generation from an experimental fire: Development of a reliable data collection methodology

    Thomas, Jan C / Clark, Kenneth / El Houssami, Mohamad / Filkov, Alexander / Gallagher, Michael / Hadden, Rory M / Mell, William / Mueller, Eric V / Santamaria, Simon / Simeoni, Albert / Skowronski, Nicholas

    Elsevier Ltd Fire safety journal. 2017 July, v. 91

    2017  

    Abstract: An experimental approach has been developed to quantify the characteristics and flux of firebrands during a management-scale wildfire in a pine-dominated ecosystem. By characterizing the local fire behavior and measuring the temporal and spatial ... ...

    Abstract An experimental approach has been developed to quantify the characteristics and flux of firebrands during a management-scale wildfire in a pine-dominated ecosystem. By characterizing the local fire behavior and measuring the temporal and spatial variation in firebrand collection, the flux of firebrands has been related to the fire behavior for the first time. This linkage is seen as the first step in risk mitigation at the wildland urban interface (WUI). Data analyses allowed the evaluation of firebrand flux with respect to observed fire intensities for this ecosystem. Typical firebrand fluxes of 0.82–1.36pcsm−2s−1 were observed for fire intensities ranging between 7.35±3.48MWm−1 to 12.59±5.87MWm−1. The experimental approach is shown to provide consistent experimental data, with small variations within the firebrand collection area. Particle size distributions show that small particles of area 0.75–5×10−5m2 are the most abundant (0.6–1pcsm−2s−1), with the total flux of particles >5×10−5m2 equal to 0.2–0.3 pcsm−2s−1. The experimental method and the data gathered show substantial promise for future investigation and quantification of firebrand generation and consequently a better description of the firebrand risk at the WUI.
    Keywords data collection ; ecosystems ; fire behavior ; particle size distribution ; risk assessment ; risk reduction ; wildfires ; wildland-urban interface
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-07
    Size p. 864-871.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1483569-1
    ISSN 0379-7112
    ISSN 0379-7112
    DOI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.04.002
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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