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  1. Article: Typhoid fever: Control & challenges in India.

    Mukhopadhyay, Bratati / Sur, Dipika / Gupta, Sanjukta Sen / Ganguly, N K

    The Indian journal of medical research

    2020  Volume 150, Issue 5, Page(s) 437–447

    Abstract: Enteric fever is a common but serious disease that affects mostly children and adolescents in the developing countries. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi remains responsible for most of the disease episodes; however, S. Paratyphi A has also been reported ...

    Abstract Enteric fever is a common but serious disease that affects mostly children and adolescents in the developing countries. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi remains responsible for most of the disease episodes; however, S. Paratyphi A has also been reported as an emerging infectious agent of concern. The control measures for the disease must encompass early diagnosis, surveillance and vaccine to protect against the disease. Sanitation and hygiene play a major role in reducing the burden of enteric diseases as well. The current status of diagnostics, the surveillance practices in the recent past and the vaccine development efforts have been taken into account for suggesting effective prevention and control measures. However, the challenges in all these aspects persist and cause hindrance in the implementation of the available tools. Hence, an integrative approach and a comprehensive policy framework are required to be in place for the prevention, control and elimination of typhoid fevers.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Hygiene ; India/epidemiology ; Salmonella typhi/pathogenicity ; Typhoid Fever/epidemiology ; Typhoid Fever/microbiology ; Typhoid Fever/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-14
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 390883-5
    ISSN 0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
    ISSN 0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
    DOI 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_411_18
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A Retrospective Review of Hospital-Based Data on Enteric Fever in India, 2014-2015.

    Sur, Dipika / Barkume, Caitlin / Mukhopadhyay, Bratati / Date, Kashmira / Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar / Garrett, Denise

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2018  Volume 218, Issue suppl_4, Page(s) S206–S213

    Abstract: Background: Enteric fever remains a threat to many countries with minimal access to clean water and poor sanitation infrastructure. As part of a multisite surveillance study, we conducted a retrospective review of records in 5 hospitals across India to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Enteric fever remains a threat to many countries with minimal access to clean water and poor sanitation infrastructure. As part of a multisite surveillance study, we conducted a retrospective review of records in 5 hospitals across India to gather evidence on the burden of enteric fever.
    Methods: We examined hospital records (laboratory and surgical registers) from 5 hospitals across India for laboratory-confirmed Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi cases and intestinal perforations from 2014-2015. Clinical data were obtained where available. For laboratory-confirmed infections, we compared differences in disease burden, age, sex, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance.
    Results: Of 267536 blood cultures, 1418 (0.53%) were positive for S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi. Clinical data were available for 429 cases (72%); a higher proportion of participants with S. Typhi infection were hospitalized, compared with those with S. Paratyphi infection (44% vs 35%). We observed resistance to quinolones among 82% of isolates, with cases of cephalosporin resistance (1%) and macrolide resistance (9%) detected. Of 94 participants with intestinal perforations, 16 (17%) had a provisional, final, or laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of enteric fever.
    Discussion: Data show a moderate burden of enteric fever in India. Enteric fever data should be systematically collected to facilitate evidence-based decision-making by countries for typhoid conjugate vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Salmonella paratyphi A/drug effects ; Salmonella typhi/drug effects ; Time Factors ; Typhoid Fever/epidemiology ; Typhoid Fever/microbiology ; Typhoid Fever/prevention & control ; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiy502
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Metal-Semiconductor-Metal GeSn Photodetectors on Silicon for Short-Wave Infrared Applications.

    Ghosh, Soumava / Lin, Kuan-Chih / Tsai, Cheng-Hsun / Kumar, Harshvardhan / Chen, Qimiao / Zhang, Lin / Son, Bongkwon / Tan, Chuan Seng / Kim, Munho / Mukhopadhyay, Bratati / Chang, Guo-En

    Micromachines

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 9

    Abstract: Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM PDs) are effective for monolithic integration with other optical components of the photonic circuits because of the planar fabrication technique. In this article, we present the design, growth, and ... ...

    Abstract Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM PDs) are effective for monolithic integration with other optical components of the photonic circuits because of the planar fabrication technique. In this article, we present the design, growth, and characterization of GeSn MSM PDs that are suitable for photonic integrated circuits. The introduction of 4% Sn in the GeSn active region also reduces the direct bandgap and shows a redshift in the optical responsivity spectra, which can extend up to 1800 nm wavelength, which means it can cover the entire telecommunication bands. The spectral responsivity increases with an increase in bias voltage caused by the high electric field, which enhances the carrier generation rate and the carrier collection efficiency. Therefore, the GeSn MSM PDs can be a suitable device for a wide range of short-wave infrared (SWIR) applications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2620864-7
    ISSN 2072-666X
    ISSN 2072-666X
    DOI 10.3390/mi11090795
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: The cell based therapy and the policy implications in India.

    Mukhopadhyay, Bratati / Basak, Saroj K / Ganguly, Nirmal K

    Journal of stem cells

    2011  Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 155–179

    Abstract: The recent scientific development using stem or other differentiated cells has generated great hopes for treatment of various diseases. Major thrust has been given to formulate country specific laws and regulations considering international guidelines to ...

    Abstract The recent scientific development using stem or other differentiated cells has generated great hopes for treatment of various diseases. Major thrust has been given to formulate country specific laws and regulations considering international guidelines to conduct research and clinical applications of "Cell Based Therapy" (CBT) all over the world. Attempts have made in this review to discuss the current policies that are practiced by various countries in the areas related to CBT with special emphasis on CBT related research and development in India. The two major funding agencies of Government of India e.g. Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), have jointly formulated the "Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Therapy" in 2007 which requires update and revision. Based on the review of the current world scenario of CBT research and development, suggestions have been made for the development of a new CBT policy that will help in progress of research and patient treatment in India.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomedical Research/economics ; Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; Cell Transplantation/economics ; Cell Transplantation/legislation & jurisprudence ; Dendritic Cells/transplantation ; Endothelial Cells/transplantation ; Genetic Therapy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Government Regulation ; Health Policy/economics ; Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; India ; Patient Safety/legislation & jurisprudence ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; Stem Cell Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; Stem Cell Transplantation/legislation & jurisprudence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ISSN 1556-8539
    ISSN 1556-8539
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Resonant-cavity-enhanced responsivity in germanium-on-insulator photodetectors.

    Ghosh, Soumava / Lin, Kuan-Chih / Tsai, Cheng-Hsun / Lee, Kwang Hong / Chen, Qimiao / Son, Bongkwon / Mukhopadhyay, Bratati / Tan, Chuan Seng / Chang, Guo-En

    Optics express

    2020  Volume 28, Issue 16, Page(s) 23739–23747

    Abstract: The germanium-on-insulator (GOI) has recently emerged as a new platform for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible photonic integrated circuits. Here we report on resonant-cavity-enhanced optical responses in Ge photodetectors on a GOI ...

    Abstract The germanium-on-insulator (GOI) has recently emerged as a new platform for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible photonic integrated circuits. Here we report on resonant-cavity-enhanced optical responses in Ge photodetectors on a GOI platform where conventional photodetection is difficult. A 0.16% tensile strain is introduced to the high-quality Ge active layer to extend the photodetection range to cover the entire range of telecommunication C- and L-bands (1530-1620 nm). A carefully designed vertical cavity is created utilizing the insulator layer and the deposited SiO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1491859-6
    ISSN 1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
    ISSN (online) 1094-4087
    ISSN 1094-4087
    DOI 10.1364/OE.398046
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: India's March to Halt the Emerging Cardiovascular Epidemic.

    Sharma, Meenakshi / Kartha, Chandrasekharan C / Mukhopadhyay, Bratati / Goyal, Ramesh K / Gupta, Suresh K / Ganguly, Nirmal K / Dhalla, Naranjan S

    Circulation research

    2017  Volume 121, Issue 8, Page(s) 913–916

    MeSH term(s) Biomedical Research/methods ; Biomedical Research/trends ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Epidemics/prevention & control ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Translational Medical Research/methods ; Translational Medical Research/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type News
    ZDB-ID 80100-8
    ISSN 1524-4571 ; 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
    ISSN (online) 1524-4571
    ISSN 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310904
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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