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  1. Article: The role of poultry transfers in diet diversity: A cluster randomized intent to treat analysis

    Alderman, Harold / Gilligan, Daniel O. / Leight, Jessica / Mulford, Michael / Tambet, Heleene

    Food policy. 2022 Feb., v. 107

    2022  

    Abstract: Poultry has gained renewed attention as a promising value chain for women because it is an asset that is widely accessible to women, has low start-up costs, and provides a good source of nutritious animal-sourced foods for children in chicken meat and, ... ...

    Abstract Poultry has gained renewed attention as a promising value chain for women because it is an asset that is widely accessible to women, has low start-up costs, and provides a good source of nutritious animal-sourced foods for children in chicken meat and, especially, eggs. The current study presents evidence from an experimental intervention that randomly provided women either a poultry package transfer of vaccinated, improved-breed chickens and related inputs, or a cash grant of equivalent value within a sample of households participating in a social safety net program. These transfers were embedded in a set of intensive livelihood and enhanced nutrition interventions as part of a broader experiment in rural Ethiopia. We assess the impact of the poultry package transfer as well as the enhanced nutrition intervention on the consumption of eggs by both children and adult women. We find that the poultry transfer increased the frequency of egg consumption as well as the sale of eggs, falling between the extreme of an autarkic household and one in which production decisions are fully separable from consumption choices.
    Keywords Nutrition Education and Training program ; adults ; chicken meat ; diet ; eggs ; food policy ; livelihood ; nutritional intervention ; supply chain ; Ethiopia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-02
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 194840-4
    ISSN 0306-9192
    ISSN 0306-9192
    DOI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102212
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Cash plus programming and intimate partner violence: a qualitative evaluation of the benefits of group-based platforms for delivering activities in support of the Ethiopian government's Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP).

    Buller, Ana Maria / Pichon, Marjorie / Hidrobo, Melissa / Mulford, Michael / Amare, Tseday / Sintayehu, Wastina / Tadesse, Seifu / Ranganathan, Meghna

    BMJ open

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) e069939

    Abstract: Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health challenge but there is evidence that cash and cash 'plus' interventions reduce IPV. An increasingly popular design feature of these kind of interventions is the group-based modality for ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health challenge but there is evidence that cash and cash 'plus' interventions reduce IPV. An increasingly popular design feature of these kind of interventions is the group-based modality for delivering plus activities, however, evidence of the mechanisms through which this modality of delivery impacts IPV is limited. We explore how the group-based modality of delivering plus activities that complemented the Government of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme contributed to modifying intermediate outcomes on the pathway to IPV.
    Design: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions between February and March 2020. Data were analysed using a thematic content and gender lens approach. Findings were interpreted, refined and drafted in collaboration with our local research partners.
    Setting: Amhara and Oromia regions in Ethiopia.
    Participants: In total 115 men and women beneficiaries from the Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) programme took part in the study. Fifty-eight were interviewed and 57 took part in 7 focus group discussions.
    Results: We found that Village Economic and Social Associations-through which SPIR activities were delivered-improved financial security and increased economic resilience against income shocks. The group-based delivery of plus activities to couples appeared to enhance individual agency, collective power and social networks, which in turn strengthened social support, gender relations and joint decision-making. Critical reflective dialogues provided a reference group to support the shift away from social norms that condone IPV. Finally, there appeared to be gender differences, with men highlighting the financial benefits and enhanced social status afforded by the groups, whereas women's accounts focused primarily on strengthened social networks and social capital.
    Conclusion: Our study offers important insights into the mechanisms by which the group-based delivery of plus activities affects intermediate outcomes on the pathway to IPV. It underscores the importance of the modality of delivery in such programmes, and suggests that policy-makers should consider gender-specific needs as men and women might differentially benefit from interventions that enhance social capital to generate gender transformative impacts.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Ethiopia ; Intimate Partner Violence/prevention & control ; Interpersonal Relations ; Social Support ; Social Norms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069939
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Article ; Online: Can a light-touch graduation model enhance livelihood outcomes? Evidence from Ethiopia

    Leight, Jessica / Alderman, Harold / Gilligan, Daniel / Hidrobo, Melissa / Mulford, Michael / Alderman, H.

    2023  

    Abstract: In recent years, a growing literature has examined the potential of multifaceted, intensive “graduation model” interventions that simultaneously address multiple barriers constraining households’ exit from poverty. In this paper, we present new evidence ... ...

    Abstract In recent years, a growing literature has examined the potential of multifaceted, intensive “graduation model” interventions that simultaneously address multiple barriers constraining households’ exit from poverty. In this paper, we present new evidence from a randomized trial of a lighter-touch graduation model implemented in rural Ethiopia. The primary experimental arms are a bundled intervention including a productive transfer valued at $374 (randomly assigned to be cash or an equivalent value in poultry), training, and savings groups; a simpler intervention including training and savings groups only; and a control arm. We find that three years post-baseline, the intervention inclusive of the transfer leads to some increases in assets, savings, and cash income from livestock, though there is no shift in consumption or household food security; these effects are consistent regardless of the modality of the transfer (cash versus poultry). The effects of training and savings groups alone are minimal.

    Non-PR

    IFPRI1; CRP2; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; Capacity Strengthening

    Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion (PGI); Food and Nutrition Policy; PIM

    CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
    Keywords ETHIOPIA ; EAST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; households ; poverty ; cash transfers ; poultry ; training ; savings groups ; assets ; income ; livestock ; consumption ; food security ; livelihoods ; graduation model
    Subject code 330
    Language English
    Publisher International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Book ; Article ; Online: Including scalable nutrition interventions in a graduation model program

    Alderman, Harold / Gilligan, Daniel / Leight, Jessica / Mamo, Tigist / Mulford, Michael / Tambet, Heleene / Alderman, H.

    Experimental evidence from Ethiopia

    2023  

    Abstract: We explore the impact of different models of scalable nutrition services embedded within a light-touch graduation program, implemented at scale in Ethiopia. The graduation program provided poor households enrolled in Ethiopia’s national safety net, the ... ...

    Abstract We explore the impact of different models of scalable nutrition services embedded within a light-touch graduation program, implemented at scale in Ethiopia. The graduation program provided poor households enrolled in Ethiopia’s national safety net, the Protective Safety Net Program (PSNP), with additional livelihood programming including savings groups, business skills training and linkages to financial services. In addition, extremely poor households received a one-time livelihood grant on an experimental basis, as cash transfers or in-kind poultry grants, at a value much smaller than lump sum transfers in other graduation model programs in recent literature. The experiment compared a core nutrition model of nutrition information and sanitation and hygiene activities to an enhanced model that added more intensive nutrition messaging, supplementary feeding of malnourished children, mental health services, and a male engagement activity. Results show that interaction with health care workers and participation in community health activities increased significantly under the enhanced nutrition model, as did maternal nutritional knowledge. Nevertheless, neither nutrition model led to significant improvements in child dietary diversity or anthropometric outcomes on average. However, cash livelihood grants combined with the enhanced nutrition model reduced childhood stunting.

    Non-PR

    IFPRI1; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; CRP2

    Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion (PGI); Food and Nutrition Policy

    CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
    Keywords nutrition ; poverty ; social safety nets ; livelihoods ; cash transfers ; poultry ; hygiene ; grants ; nutrition sensitive social protection ; light-touch graduation program
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publisher International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Cash plus programming and intimate partner violence

    Buller, Ana Maria / Pichon, Marjorie / Hidrobo, Melissa / Mulford, Michael / Amare, Tseday / Sintayehu, Wastina / Tadesse, Seifu / Ranganathan, Meghna

    BMJ Open 13(5): e069939

    A qualitative evaluation of the benefits of group-based platforms for delivering activities in support of the Ethiopian government’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP)

    2023  

    Abstract: Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health challenge but there is evidence that cash and cash ‘plus’ interventions reduce IPV. An increasingly popular design feature of these kind of interventions is the group-based modality for ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health challenge but there is evidence that cash and cash ‘plus’ interventions reduce IPV. An increasingly popular design feature of these kind of interventions is the group-based modality for delivering plus activities, however, evidence of the mechanisms through which this modality of delivery impacts IPV is limited. We explore how the group-based modality of delivering plus activities that complemented the Government of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme contributed to modifying intermediate outcomes on the pathway to IPV. Design: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions between February and March 2020. Data were analysed using a thematic content and gender lens approach. Findings were interpreted, refined and drafted in collaboration with our local research partners. Setting: Amhara and Oromia regions in Ethiopia. Participants: In total 115 men and women beneficiaries from the Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) programme took part in the study. Fifty-eight were interviewed and 57 took part in 7 focus group discussions. Results: We found that Village Economic and Social Associations—through which SPIR activities were delivered—improved financial security and increased economic resilience against income shocks. The group-based delivery of plus activities to couples appeared to enhance individual agency, collective power and social networks, which in turn strengthened social support, gender relations and joint decision-making. Critical reflective dialogues provided a reference group to support the shift away from social norms that condone IPV. Finally, there appeared to be gender differences, with men highlighting the financial benefits and enhanced social status afforded by the groups, whereas women’s accounts focused primarily on strengthened social networks and social capital. Conclusion: Our study offers important insights into the mechanisms by which the group-based delivery of plus activities ...
    Keywords ETHIOPIA ; EAST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; data ; data analysis ; domestic violence ; gender ; interviews ; resilience ; public health ; decision making ; social networks ; social protection ; intimate partner violence (IPV) ; Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP)
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publisher BMJ
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Cash plus programming and intimate partner violence

    Buller, Ana Maria / Pichon, Marjorie / Hidrobo, Melissa / Mulford, Michael / Amare, Tseday / Sintayehu, Wastina / Tadesse, Seifu / Ranganathan, Meghna

    BMJ Open

    A qualitative evaluation of the benefits of group-based platforms for delivering activities in support of the Ethiopian government’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP)

    2023  

    Abstract: Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health challenge but there is evidence that cash and cash ‘plus’ interventions reduce IPV. An increasingly popular design feature of these kind of interventions is the group-based modality for ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health challenge but there is evidence that cash and cash ‘plus’ interventions reduce IPV. An increasingly popular design feature of these kind of interventions is the group-based modality for delivering plus activities, however, evidence of the mechanisms through which this modality of delivery impacts IPV is limited. We explore how the group-based modality of delivering plus activities that complemented the Government of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme contributed to modifying intermediate outcomes on the pathway to IPV. Design: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions between February and March 2020. Data were analysed using a thematic content and gender lens approach. Findings were interpreted, refined and drafted in collaboration with our local research partners. Setting: Amhara and Oromia regions in Ethiopia. Participants: In total 115 men and women beneficiaries from the Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) programme took part in the study. Fifty-eight were interviewed and 57 took part in 7 focus group discussions. Results: We found that Village Economic and Social Associations—through which SPIR activities were delivered—improved financial security and increased economic resilience against income shocks. The group-based delivery of plus activities to couples appeared to enhance individual agency, collective power and social networks, which in turn strengthened social support, gender relations and joint decision-making. Critical reflective dialogues provided a reference group to support the shift away from social norms that condone IPV. Finally, there appeared to be gender differences, with men highlighting the financial benefits and enhanced social status afforded by the groups, whereas women’s accounts focused primarily on strengthened social networks and social capital. Conclusion: Our study offers important insights into the mechanisms by which the group-based delivery of plus activities ...
    Keywords data ; data analysis ; domestic violence ; gender ; interviews ; resilience ; public health ; decision making ; social networks ; social protection
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08T09:33:06Z
    Publisher BMJ
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Article ; Online: Men can cook

    Alderman, Harold / Gilligan, Daniel O. / Hidrobo, Melissa / Leight, Jessica / Mulford, Michael / Tambet, Heleene / Alderman, H. / Gilligan, Daniel

    Effectiveness of a light-touch men’s engagement intervention to change attitudes and behaviors in rural Ethiopia

    2023  

    Abstract: Graduation model interventions seek to address multiple barriers constraining households’ exit from poverty, however, few explicitly target unequal gender norms. Using a randomized control trial design, combined with three rounds of data, we investigate ... ...

    Abstract Graduation model interventions seek to address multiple barriers constraining households’ exit from poverty, however, few explicitly target unequal gender norms. Using a randomized control trial design, combined with three rounds of data, we investigate the impacts on gender equitable attitudes and behaviors of a graduation program that seeks to simultaneously “push” households out of poverty and improve unequal gender norms in Ethiopia. We find that at midline all treatment arms lead to improvements in men’s gender equitable attitudes and their engagement in household domestic tasks as reported by both men and women; but at endline, impacts are only sustained in the treatment arms that introduced men’s engagement groups after the midline survey to further promote improvements in equitable gender norms.

    Non-PR

    IFPRI1; G Cross-cutting gender theme

    Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion (PGI); Food and Nutrition Policy
    Keywords gender norms ; men ; poverty ; households ; gender equity ; behaviour ; men's engagement
    Language English
    Publisher International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Article ; Online: Aspiring to more? New evidence on the effect of a light-touch aspirations intervention in rural Ethiopia

    Leight, Jessica / Gilligan, Daniel O. / Mulford, Michael / Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum / Tambet, Heleene / Gilligan, Daniel

    2021  

    Abstract: A growing literature in economics has analyzed the effects of psychological interventions designed to boost individual aspirations as a strategy to increase investments with long-term returns and thus reduce poverty. This paper reports on a randomized ... ...

    Abstract A growing literature in economics has analyzed the effects of psychological interventions designed to boost individual aspirations as a strategy to increase investments with long-term returns and thus reduce poverty. This paper reports on a randomized controlled trial evaluating a short video-based intervention designed to increase aspirations of adults in poor rural Ethiopian households, all of whom are beneficiaries of the Productive Safety Net Program, the main government safety net program in Ethiopia. Evidence from a sample of 5258 adults from 3220 households is consistent with the hypothesis that there is no evidence that the aspirations treatment had any significant effects on self-reported aspirations for the household, educational investment in children, or savings nine months post-treatment, suggesting that the effect of light-touch aspirations treatments for extremely poor adults may be limited in this context.

    Non-PR

    IFPRI1; CRP2; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Capacity Strengthening; SPIR

    PHND; PIM

    CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
    Keywords ETHIOPIA ; EAST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; rural areas ; education ; investment ; poverty reduction ; social safety nets ; aspirations ; educational investments
    Subject code 338
    Language English
    Publisher International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Book ; Online: Barriers to adoption of optimal complementary feeding practices in Ethiopia

    Leight, Jessica / Alderman, Harold / Gilligan, Daniel O. / Hidrobo, Melissa / Mulford, Michael / Tadesse, Elazar / Alderman, H. / Gilligan, Daniel

    A formative qualitative investigation: Evidence from SPIR II

    2022  

    Abstract: Since its inception in 2005, the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) has been a cornerstone of the Ethiopian government’s strategy for poverty alleviation, disaster risk management, and rural development. The PSNP provides food or cash transfers ... ...

    Abstract Since its inception in 2005, the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) has been a cornerstone of the Ethiopian government’s strategy for poverty alleviation, disaster risk management, and rural development. The PSNP provides food or cash transfers targeted to poor households in the form of payments for seasonal labor on public works or as direct support to households. It has played an important role in improving the lives of poor Ethiopian households by reducing household food insecurity, increasing asset holdings, and improving agricultural productivity (Berhane et al. 2014; Hoddinott et al. 2017).

    Non-PR

    IFPRI1; SPIR; DCA; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all

    PHND
    Keywords ETHIOPIA ; EAST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; feeding ; supplementary feeding ; qualitative analysis ; children ; households ; health care ; health workers
    Language English
    Publisher International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Book ; Online: Barriers to enrollment in secondary school in Ethiopia

    Leight, Jessica / Alderman, Harold / Gilligan, Daniel O. / Hidrobo, Melissa / Mulford, Michael / Nemera, Ayantu / Alderman, H. / Gilligan, Daniel

    A formative qualitative investigation: Evidence from SPIR II

    2022  

    Abstract: Since its inception in 2005, the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) has been a cornerstone of the Ethiopian government’s strategy for poverty alleviation, disaster risk management, and rural development. The PSNP provides food or cash transfers ... ...

    Abstract Since its inception in 2005, the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) has been a cornerstone of the Ethiopian government’s strategy for poverty alleviation, disaster risk management, and rural development. The PSNP provides food or cash transfers targeted to poor households in the form of payments for seasonal labor on public works or as direct support to households. It has played an important role in improving the lives of poor Ethiopian households by reducing household food insecurity, increasing asset holdings, and improving agricultural productivity (Berhane et al. 2014; Hoddinott et al. 2012).

    Non-PR

    IFPRI1; SPIR; G Cross-cutting gender theme; DCA

    PHND
    Keywords ETHIOPIA ; EAST AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; AFRICA ; secondary education ; education ; qualitative analysis ; financial situation ; girls education ; gender ; school enrollment ; value of education ; school quality
    Language English
    Publisher International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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