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  1. Article: Evolution of ultrasound in giant cell arteritis.

    Kirby, Colm / Flood, Rachael / Mullan, Ronan / Murphy, Grainne / Kane, David

    Frontiers in medicine

    2022  Volume 9, Page(s) 981659

    Abstract: Ultrasound (US) is being increasingly used to diagnose Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). The traditional diagnostic Gold Standard has been temporal artery biopsy (TAB), but this is expensive, invasive, has a false-negative rate as high as 60% and has little ... ...

    Abstract Ultrasound (US) is being increasingly used to diagnose Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). The traditional diagnostic Gold Standard has been temporal artery biopsy (TAB), but this is expensive, invasive, has a false-negative rate as high as 60% and has little impact on clinical decision-making. A non-compressible halo with a thickened intima-media complex (IMC) is the sonographic hallmark of GCA. The superficial temporal arteries (STA) and axillary arteries (AA) are the most consistently inflamed arteries sonographically and imaging protocols for evaluating suspected GCA should include at least these two arterial territories. Studies evaluating temporal artery ultrasound (TAUS) have varied considerably in size and methodology with results showing wide discrepancies in sensitivity (9-100%), specificity (66-100%), positive predictive value (36-100%) and negative predictive value (33-100%). Bilateral halos increase sensitivity as does the incorporation of pre-test probability, while prior corticosteroid use decreases sensitivity. Quantifying sonographic vasculitis using Halo Counts and Halo Scores can predict disease extent/severity, risk of specific complications and likelihood of treatment response. Regression of the Halo sign has been observed from as little as 2 days to as late as 7 months after initiation of immunosuppressive treatment and occurs at different rates in STAs than AAs. US is more sensitive than TAB and has comparable sensitivity to MRI and PET/CT. It is time-efficient, cost-effective and allows for the implementation of fast-track GCA clinics which substantially mitigate the risk of irreversible blindness. Algorithms incorporating combinations of imaging modalities can achieve a 100% sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of GCA. US should be a standard first line investigation in routine clinical care of patients with suspected GCA with TAB reserved only for those having had a normal US in the context of a high pre-test probability.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2022.981659
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Sarcoidosis manifesting during treatment with secukinumab for psoriatic arthritis.

    Kirby, Colm / Herlihy, Darragh / Clarke, Lindsey / Mullan, Ronan

    BMJ case reports

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 2

    Abstract: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder of uncertain aetiology. There are numerous case reports of sarcoidosis occurring during treatment with biological immunotherapies. Here, we describe the case of a 52-year-old woman with psoriatic ... ...

    Abstract Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder of uncertain aetiology. There are numerous case reports of sarcoidosis occurring during treatment with biological immunotherapies. Here, we describe the case of a 52-year-old woman with psoriatic arthritis who developed multisystem sarcoidosis while being treated with secukinumab (anti-interleukin-17A) therapy which, to our knowledge, is the first such case. We discuss existing literature and hypothesise that IL-17 blockade may precipitate the development of granulomatous disease.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects ; Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoidosis/chemically induced ; Sarcoidosis/diagnosis ; Sarcoidosis/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; secukinumab (DLG4EML025)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1757-790X
    ISSN (online) 1757-790X
    DOI 10.1136/bcr-2020-240615
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Deep tissue Koebner phenomenon in osseous sarcoidosis.

    O'Brien, Diarmuid / Aziz, Tahir / Kane, David / Mullan, Ronan H

    Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

    2021  Volume 60, Issue 11, Page(s) e384–e386

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Progression ; Hallux/diagnostic imaging ; Hallux/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Osteitis/complications ; Osteitis/physiopathology ; Osteitis/therapy ; Preventive Medicine ; Prognosis ; Psoriasis/diagnosis ; Sarcoidosis/diagnosis ; Sarcoidosis/immunology ; Sarcoidosis/physiopathology ; Sarcoidosis/therapy ; Skin Diseases/diagnosis ; Skin Diseases/etiology ; Toe Phalanges/diagnostic imaging ; Toe Phalanges/pathology ; Wounds and Injuries/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1464822-2
    ISSN 1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
    ISSN (online) 1462-0332
    ISSN 1462-0324
    DOI 10.1093/rheumatology/keab420
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: "My role as a parent, to me, it has narrowed" the impact of early inflammatory arthritis on parenting roles: a qualitative study.

    Codd, Yvonne / Coe, Áine / Mullan, Ronan H / Kane, David / Stapleton, Tadhg

    Disability and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 72–80

    Abstract: Purpose: To explore the impact of early inflammatory arthritis on participation in parenting roles.: Materials and methods: Twenty-four individuals (20 female) aged between 32 and 62 years with early inflammatory arthritis (<2 years duration) and who ...

    Abstract Purpose: To explore the impact of early inflammatory arthritis on participation in parenting roles.
    Materials and methods: Twenty-four individuals (20 female) aged between 32 and 62 years with early inflammatory arthritis (<2 years duration) and who were parents of dependent children (≤21 years) were interviewed. A qualitative description study design was used, and thematic analysis methodologies were employed in the data analysis.
    Results: Parenting roles were significantly impacted in early disease and extensive parenting restrictions were identified regardless of age and gender. Physical symptoms hampered "everyday mammy activities." Parent-child interactions were altered by the emotional impact of early arthritis including low mood and irritability. Participants emphasised remorse at the negative impact of their arthritis on their children's childhood. Parent-role identity and parents' perception of how they were viewed by their children were negatively impacted by early disease with considerable self-imposed pressure to shield children from the consequences of arthritis. A forced "role switch" requiring relinquishing of some parenting tasks was identified as an unwanted burden associated with inflammatory arthritis.
    Conclusion: Inflammatory arthritis has a negative impact on parenting which is present from disease onset. Understanding factors which influence parenting with arthritis is important to identify appropriate healthcare interventions.Implications for rehabilitationAn early diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis is synonymous with considerable challenges in performing parenting tasks and activities which are present despite early medical management and drug therapy.Physical and psychosocial sequelae of early inflammatory arthritis result in restrictions in the execution of parenting activities and are accompanied by a forced "role switch".The disease impact on parenting differs in early and established inflammatory arthritis and requires distinct healthcare approaches and interventions to adequately address the needs.Parent role identity and perceived lack of control are intrinsically linked to the degree of perceived negative impact on parenting and these factors should be considered in the design and evaluation of appropriate healthcare interventions for this population.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Child ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Parenting/psychology ; Parents/psychology ; Parent-Child Relations ; Qualitative Research ; Arthritis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1104775-6
    ISSN 1464-5165 ; 0963-8288
    ISSN (online) 1464-5165
    ISSN 0963-8288
    DOI 10.1080/09638288.2022.2025928
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: 'You don't want to be seen as a burden'

    Codd, Yvonne / Coe, Áine / Mullan, Ronan H / Kane, David / Stapleton, Tadhg

    Disability and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 17, Page(s) 2761–2769

    Abstract: Purpose: To describe the impact of early inflammatory arthritis on work participation.: Materials and methods: Thirty individuals (24 women) of working age (age 18-69 years) with inflammatory arthritis (<2 years duration) who were in paid employment ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To describe the impact of early inflammatory arthritis on work participation.
    Materials and methods: Thirty individuals (24 women) of working age (age 18-69 years) with inflammatory arthritis (<2 years duration) who were in paid employment or fulltime education were interviewed using qualitative description methodology. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.
    Results: Half of participants (
    Conclusion: The scale of early work disability appears to be higher than previously understood. Although early medical intervention has improved disease management, significant work-based restrictions requiring intervention remain. Internalised and invisible work-related anxieties present early in the disease and need to be acknowledged and addressed by healthcare providers.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONEarly inflammatory arthritis causes significant challenges in work ability, and early work-based participation restrictions are present despite early use of drug therapy.Assessment of the client's subjective experience, including understanding the invisible burden, is an important aspect in determining the types of work interventions required.Disclosure of diagnosis in the work environment is associated with anxiety and fear, however, disclosure is influential in supporting capacity to retain work participation and should be included in work interventions.Routine healthcare should include early interventions to address work-based restrictions and supporting work retention to avoid work disability.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Arthritis ; Employment ; Qualitative Research ; Delivery of Health Care ; Fear
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1104775-6
    ISSN 1464-5165 ; 0963-8288
    ISSN (online) 1464-5165
    ISSN 0963-8288
    DOI 10.1080/09638288.2022.2107084
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A multidisciplinary-led early arthritis service to manage client-identified participation restrictions in early inflammatory arthritis: A qualitative study of service user and staff perspectives.

    Codd, Yvonne / Coe, Áine / Kane, David / Mullan, Ronan H / Stapleton, Tadhg

    Musculoskeletal care

    2022  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 130–142

    Abstract: Background: The impact of inflammatory arthritis (IA) on occupational performance and on participation in meaningful life roles is recognised. However, limited research has explored how clinical services support broader life impact and participation ... ...

    Abstract Background: The impact of inflammatory arthritis (IA) on occupational performance and on participation in meaningful life roles is recognised. However, limited research has explored how clinical services support broader life impact and participation restrictions associated with early disease as part of routine healthcare. This exploratory study was undertaken to describe how a novel multidisciplinary-led early arthritis service approach addresses client-identified participation restrictions in early IA.
    Methods: Qualitative Description (QD) approaches were used to explore perspectives of staff and clients of these multidisciplinary-led early arthritis services in Ireland. Data were gathered using focus groups with staff, and individual semi-structured interviews with clients. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.
    Results: Fifteen staff working in these services participated in the focus groups and 43 clients with IA participated in interviews (female n = 31); diagnosis duration ranged from 5 to 24 months. Participants described how the multidisciplinary-led service had a clear remit to address participation alongside traditional symptom management and provided automatic, immediate access to interventions focussed on identification and management of participation restrictions experienced in early disease. The service model utilised a delivery approach that allowed for ease of early access to a full multidisciplinary team and prolonged support. The most significant feature of the service approach was 'the centrality of the client' which influenced a person-centred approach to identification of needs and priorities for interventions.
    Conclusion: Findings indicate the role and value of this innovative multidisciplinary approach in addressing client-identified participation restrictions in routine clinical practice that is positively regarded by clients and staff.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Male ; Delivery of Health Care ; Qualitative Research ; Arthritis ; Ireland
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2171452-6
    ISSN 1557-0681 ; 1478-2189
    ISSN (online) 1557-0681
    ISSN 1478-2189
    DOI 10.1002/msc.1677
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Cost-effectiveness of therapeutics for COVID-19 patients: a rapid review and economic analysis.

    Metry, Andrew / Pandor, Abdullah / Ren, Shijie / Shippam, Andrea / Clowes, Mark / Dark, Paul / McMullan, Ronan / Stevenson, Matt

    Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 14, Page(s) 1–92

    Abstract: Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019. Over six million deaths worldwide have been associated with coronavirus disease 2019.: Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019. Over six million deaths worldwide have been associated with coronavirus disease 2019.
    Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of treatments used for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in hospital or used in the community in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at high risk of hospitalisation.
    Setting: Treatments provided in United Kingdom hospital and community settings.
    Methods: Clinical effectiveness estimates were taken from the coronavirus disease-network meta-analyses initiative and the metaEvidence initiative. A mathematical model was constructed to explore how the interventions impacted on patient health, measured in quality-adjusted life-years gained. The costs associated with treatment, including those of hospital care, were also estimated and used to form a cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained value which was compared with thresholds published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Estimates of cost-effectiveness compared against current standard of care were produced in both the hospital and community settings at three different levels of efficacy: mean, low and high. Public list prices were used for interventions with neither confidential patient access schemes nor confidential list prices considered. Results incorporating confidential pricing data were provided to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence appraisal committee.
    Results: The treatments were estimated to be clinically effective although not all reached statistical significance. All treatments in the hospital setting, or community, were estimated to plausibly have a cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained value below National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's thresholds when compared with standard of care. However, almost all drugs could plausibly have cost per quality-adjusted life-years above National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's thresholds. However, there is considerable uncertainty in the results as the prevalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant, vaccination status, history of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and standard of care have all evolved since the pivotal studies were conducted which could have significant impact on the efficacy of each drug. For drugs used in high-risk patients in the community setting, the proportion of people at high risk who need hospital admission was a large driver of the cost per quality-adjusted life-year.
    Limitations: No studies were identified that were conducted in current conditions. This may be a large limitation as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant changes. No head-to-head studies of interventions were identified.
    Conclusions: The results produced could be informative to decision-makers, although conclusions regarding the most clinical - and cost-effectiveness of each intervention should be tentative due to the evolving nature of the decision problem and, in this report, the use of list prices only. Comparisons between interventions should also be treated with caution due to potentially large heterogeneity between studies.
    Future work: Research assessing the relative clinical effectiveness of interventions within head-to-head studies in current conditions would be beneficial. Contemporary information related to the probability of hospital admission and death for patients at high risk in the community would improve the precision of the estimates generated.
    Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Evidence Synthesis programme (NIHR135564) and will be published in full in
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; COVID-19 ; United Kingdom ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2006765-3
    ISSN 2046-4924 ; 1366-5278
    ISSN (online) 2046-4924
    ISSN 1366-5278
    DOI 10.3310/NAFW3527
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  8. Article ; Online: Individual risk factors and critical care unit effects on Invasive Candida Infection occurring in critical care units in the UK: A multilevel model.

    Patterson, Lynsey / McMullan, Ronan / Harrison, David A

    Mycoses

    2019  Volume 62, Issue 9, Page(s) 790–795

    Abstract: Geographical variation is observed in invasive candida infection (ICI) and differences between critical care units (CCUs) may contribute. To examine rates, risk factors and individual and unit-level variation of ICI in UK CCUs. Data from the Fungal ... ...

    Abstract Geographical variation is observed in invasive candida infection (ICI) and differences between critical care units (CCUs) may contribute. To examine rates, risk factors and individual and unit-level variation of ICI in UK CCUs. Data from the Fungal Infection Risk Evaluation Study was used to examine individuals admitted to 96 CCUs in the UK; July 2009-March 2011. Cases were non-neutropenic individuals aged 18 years and over with ICI identified after admission. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models adjusted for the CCU. There were 225 cases of ICI, a rate of 6.84/10 000 bed days and a threefold variation between the lowest and highest UK regions. Independent risk factors included abdominal surgery (adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) 2.03 95% CI 1.49, 2.76), parenteral nutrition (AIRR 1.89 95% CI 1.33, 2.70), fungal colonisation at two or more sites (AIRR 2.30 95% CI 1.34, 3.95) and indwelling devices. Approximately 4% of the variation in ICI rates could be attributed to the CCU. We identified independent risk factors for ICI and showed, for the first time, that the critical care unit effect was small. Despite this, future studies should consider the hierarchical structure of the data to ensure robust estimates.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Candidiasis/drug therapy ; Candidiasis, Invasive/drug therapy ; Cohort Studies ; Critical Care/standards ; Critical Care/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; United Kingdom
    Chemical Substances Antifungal Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-20
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392487-7
    ISSN 1439-0507 ; 0933-7407
    ISSN (online) 1439-0507
    ISSN 0933-7407
    DOI 10.1111/myc.12956
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  9. Article ; Online: Reply to Aberegg and Wolfe: Aspergillosis in the ICU: Hidden Enemy or Bogeyman?

    Loughlin, Laura / McAuley, Danny F / Simpson, A John / McMullan, Ronan

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2021  Volume 203, Issue 8, Page(s) 1044–1045

    MeSH term(s) Aspergillosis ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.202101-0026LE
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  10. Article ; Online: The utility of 16S rRNA gene sequencing on intraoperative specimens from intracranial infections: an 8-year study in a regional UK neurosurgical unit.

    Shaw, Timothy D / Curran, Tanya / Cooke, Stephen / McMullan, Ronan / Hunter, Michael

    British journal of neurosurgery

    2021  , Page(s) 1–6

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639029-8
    ISSN 1360-046X ; 0268-8697
    ISSN (online) 1360-046X
    ISSN 0268-8697
    DOI 10.1080/02688697.2021.2016620
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