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  1. Book: Environmental modelling

    Wainwright, John / Mulligan, Mark

    finding simplicity in complexity

    2013  

    Author's details [ed. by] John Wainwright ; Mark Mulligan
    Keywords Umweltwissenschaften ; Mathematisches Modell ; Ökologie
    Subject Umweltbiologie ; Ecology
    Language English
    Size XVIII, 475 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition 2. ed.
    Publisher Wiley-Blackwell
    Publishing place Oxford
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT016723041
    ISBN 978-0-470-74911-1 ; 0-470-74911-3
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    134/238 available for loan (reading room) Freihandmagazin (U1)

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  2. Article ; Online: The problem with water footprints outside of irrigated drylands

    Mulligan, Mark

    Water International. 2022 Oct. 03, v. 47, no. 7 p.1085-1107

    2022  

    Abstract: Virtual water – embedded in an agricultural commodity by virtue of evapotranspiration during crop growth – is effectively consumed by the purchaser. In water-poor economies, it breaks their dependence on local water-for-food and acts as a political ... ...

    Abstract Virtual water – embedded in an agricultural commodity by virtue of evapotranspiration during crop growth – is effectively consumed by the purchaser. In water-poor economies, it breaks their dependence on local water-for-food and acts as a political stabilizer. Tony Allan’s concept remains highly relevant in the irrigated drylands for which it was developed, but calculating water footprints for agriculture elsewhere should take account of the non-agricultural counterfactual – which may consume more water than the agriculture that replaces it. Otherwise, use of water footprinting, for example, in trade policy, will be misleading and counterproductive.
    Keywords arid lands ; evapotranspiration ; irrigation ; politics ; stabilizers ; trade policy ; virtual water ; water ; water footprint ; drylands ; hydrology ; modelling ; remote sensing
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1003
    Size p. 1085-1107.
    Publishing place Routledge
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 1941-1707
    DOI 10.1080/02508060.2022.2133815
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: An Inactivated Virus Candidate Vaccine to Prevent COVID-19.

    Mulligan, Mark J

    JAMA

    2020  Volume 324, Issue 10, Page(s) 943–945

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Vaccines
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Viral Vaccines
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.15539
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Trait hypervolumes based on natural history collections can detect ecological strategies that are distinct to biogeographic regions

    Harris, Timothy / Ottaviani, Gianluigi / Mulligan, Mark / Brummitt, Neil

    Journal of Ecology. 2023 Feb., v. 111, no. 2 p.314-326

    2023  

    Abstract: Bioregionalisation partitions diversity so that similarity of the selected biological and ecological variables is higher within regions than it is outside those regions. The classic approach partitions an area based on species composition, whereas more ... ...

    Abstract Bioregionalisation partitions diversity so that similarity of the selected biological and ecological variables is higher within regions than it is outside those regions. The classic approach partitions an area based on species composition, whereas more recent methods based on remotely sensed data classify biogeographic regions on biophysical and structural variables of vegetation. Another, yet to be explored opportunity, is offered by identifying distinct ecological strategies of plants inhabiting a given area, that is, a functional trait‐based bioregionalisation. Here, we propose such a bioregionalisation using trait hypervolumes. We also compare the proposed functional bioregionalisation with established classifications based on species composition or on remotely sensed data to identify spatial congruence among them, and suggest possible reasons behind observed patterns. Natural history collections represent an underexploited resource, despite holding both trait and locality information and being taxonomically comprehensive. We compile values of traits (leaf size, plant height, seed number per fruit, seed volume) derived from natural history collections for a random sample of African angiosperm species (~1% of the continental flora) to estimate a trait hypervolume. We use hierarchical clustering to divide the hypervolume into four segments (each representing a distinct ecological strategy), whose spatial intersections produced 12 putative biogeographic regions, each containing one or more of these strategies. We spatially map the hypervolume segments onto the entire African continent and calculate the spatial congruence of the putative functional biogeographic regions with previous bioregionalisations. We identify values and combinations of traits that can be indicative of biogeographic regions. This functional bioregionalisation shows greater spatial congruence with that derived from species composition than from remote sensing. However, spatial congruence is low at the continent scale (19%–37%), and varies greatly among regions and in pairwise comparisons between bioregionalisations. Synthesis. Plant traits from natural history collections offer an underused source of information for biogeographic analyses. We demonstrate potential applications of trait hypervolumes in functional biogeography, and outline strengths and drawbacks of the different bioregionalisation methods. Finally, we suggest that key ecological strategies could be used in future models as proxies to anticipate shifts of species assemblages and biogeographic regions.
    Keywords Angiospermae ; biogeography ; flora ; fruits ; geographical distribution ; information sources ; leaf area ; natural history ; plant height ; remote sensing ; species diversity ; vegetation ; Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-02
    Size p. 314-326.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 3023-5
    ISSN 0022-0477
    ISSN 0022-0477
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2745.14005
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  6. Article ; Online: An Inactivated Virus Candidate Vaccine to Prevent COVID-19

    Mulligan, Mark J.

    JAMA

    2020  Volume 324, Issue 10, Page(s) 943

    Keywords General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.15539
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: A New Vaccine for Chikungunya Virus.

    Stapleford, Kenneth A / Mulligan, Mark J

    JAMA

    2020  Volume 323, Issue 14, Page(s) 1351–1352

    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Chikungunya Fever ; Chikungunya virus ; Humans ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ; Viral Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ; Viral Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.2070
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Book ; Online: TreeFormer

    Amirkolaee, Hamed Amini / Shi, Miaojing / Mulligan, Mark

    a Semi-Supervised Transformer-based Framework for Tree Counting from a Single High Resolution Image

    2023  

    Abstract: Automatic tree density estimation and counting using single aerial and satellite images is a challenging task in photogrammetry and remote sensing, yet has an important role in forest management. In this paper, we propose the first semisupervised ... ...

    Abstract Automatic tree density estimation and counting using single aerial and satellite images is a challenging task in photogrammetry and remote sensing, yet has an important role in forest management. In this paper, we propose the first semisupervised transformer-based framework for tree counting which reduces the expensive tree annotations for remote sensing images. Our method, termed as TreeFormer, first develops a pyramid tree representation module based on transformer blocks to extract multi-scale features during the encoding stage. Contextual attention-based feature fusion and tree density regressor modules are further designed to utilize the robust features from the encoder to estimate tree density maps in the decoder. Moreover, we propose a pyramid learning strategy that includes local tree density consistency and local tree count ranking losses to utilize unlabeled images into the training process. Finally, the tree counter token is introduced to regulate the network by computing the global tree counts for both labeled and unlabeled images. Our model was evaluated on two benchmark tree counting datasets, Jiangsu, and Yosemite, as well as a new dataset, KCL-London, created by ourselves. Our TreeFormer outperforms the state of the art semi-supervised methods under the same setting and exceeds the fully-supervised methods using the same number of labeled images. The codes and datasets are available at https://github.com/HAAClassic/TreeFormer.

    Comment: Accepted in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-07-12
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Opportunities and challenges for herbaria in studying the spatial variation in plant functional diversity

    Harris, Timothy / Mulligan, Mark / Brummitt, Neil

    Systematics and biodiversity. 2021 May 19, v. 19, no. 4

    2021  

    Abstract: Herbaria are renowned as collections of specimens for research in plant taxonomy, plant identification and more recently in plant phylogenetics. The production of Floras and monographs in herbaria is fundamental to the understanding of plant taxonomy and ...

    Abstract Herbaria are renowned as collections of specimens for research in plant taxonomy, plant identification and more recently in plant phylogenetics. The production of Floras and monographs in herbaria is fundamental to the understanding of plant taxonomy and plant biogeography. Herbaria have played an important role in providing the raw geographic data behind plant species distributions which form the basis of the most commonly used biodiversity metric: species richness. Less well recognised is the potential for using comprehensive species checklists, produced by herbaria, as a sampling frame when projecting biodiversity metrics. Functional diversity metrics derived from plant trait values are growing in importance in biodiversity monitoring; however, it is unclear whether the trait-based functional attributes are responsive to changes in species richness in all geographic areas. Modelling of the spatial distribution of trait values is one way to investigate the limits of biodiversity monitoring reliant on trait values. The research outputs of herbaria are arguably an untapped resource of such trait data. Greater digitisation of published Flora treatments as well as continuing digitisation of herbarium specimens is increasingly making these resources more available. With appropriate methods to ameliorate known biases in the species locality and plant trait data held by herbaria, these institutions can play an important role in building spatial models of plant trait distributions. Such models help to establish the relationships between species richness and plant functional diversity metrics in different biomes required for trait-led biodiversity monitoring. Here we present a six-step method to allow data held by herbaria to be used to establish a spatial model of functional diversity metrics at a continental scale.
    Keywords flora ; functional diversity ; herbaria ; models ; phylogeny ; phytogeography ; plant identification ; species richness
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0519
    Size p. 322-332.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2110629-0
    ISSN 1478-0933 ; 1477-2000
    ISSN (online) 1478-0933
    ISSN 1477-2000
    DOI 10.1080/14772000.2021.1887394
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Developing meaningful water-energy-food-environment (WEFE) nexus indicators with stakeholders: An Upper White Nile case study.

    Schlemm, Annika / Mulligan, Mark / Tang, Ting / Agramont, Afnan / Namugize, Jean / Malambala, Enos / van Griensven, Ann

    The Science of the total environment

    2024  Volume 931, Page(s) 172839

    Abstract: The Upper White Nile (UWN) basin plays a critical role in supporting essential ecosystem services and the livelihoods of millions of people in East Africa. The basin has been exposed to tremendous environmental pressures following high population growth, ...

    Abstract The Upper White Nile (UWN) basin plays a critical role in supporting essential ecosystem services and the livelihoods of millions of people in East Africa. The basin has been exposed to tremendous environmental pressures following high population growth, urbanisation, and land use change, all of which are compounded by the threats posed by climate change and insufficient financial and human resources. The water-energy-food-environment (WEFE) nexus provides a framework to assess solution options towards sustainable development by minimising the trade-offs between water, energy, and food resources. However, the majority of existing WEFE nexus indicators and tools tend to be developed without consideration of practitioners at the local level, thus constraining the practical application within real-world contexts. To try to address this gap and operationalise the WEFE nexus, we examined how local stakeholders frame the most pressing WEFE nexus challenges within the UWN basin, how these can be represented as indicators, and how existing WEFE nexus modelling tools could address this. The findings highlight the importance of declining water quality and aquatic ecosystem health as a result of deforestation and increasing agricultural intensity, with stakeholders expressing concerns for the uncertain impacts from climate change. Furthermore, a review of current WEFE nexus modelling tools reveals how they tend to be insufficient in addressing the most pressing environmental challenges within the basin, with a significant gap regarding the inclusion of water quality and aquatic ecosystem indicators. Subsequently, these findings are combined in order to guide the development of WEFE nexus indicators that have the potential to spatially model the trade-offs within the WEFE nexus in the UWN basin under climate change scenarios. This work provides an example of how incorporating local stakeholder's values and concerns can contribute to the development of meaningful indicators, that are fit-for-purpose and respond to the actual local needs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172839
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