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Article: The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Immune Status and Societal Restrictions in Controlling COVID-19 across the World.

Stroo, Jasmijn / Lepolder, Michaëla / Murk, Jean-Luc / Rijkers, Ger T

2023 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: To control the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented vaccination and imposed societal restrictions both at the national level and for international travel. As a check of corona status, COVID passes have been issued. A COVID pass could be obtained ...

Abstract	To control the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented vaccination and imposed societal restrictions both at the national level and for international travel. As a check of corona status, COVID passes have been issued. A COVID pass could be obtained when either fully vaccinated against COVID-19, or after recovering from a documented COVID-19 episode, or after a recent (24-48 h) negative SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. A global analysis of SARS-CoV-2 immune status determined by past infection and/or vaccination, vaccination rates, as well as societal restrictions in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic is presented. The data show that across the world, vaccination was more effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections with the delta variant than the omicron variant. Strict societal restrictions could control spread of the virus, but relief of the restrictions was associated with an increase in omicron infections. No significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 infections were found when comparing countries or territories which did or did not implement a COVID pass.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11091407
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Article ; Online: Burden of non-serious infections during biological use for rheumatoid arthritis.

Bergmans, Barbara / Jessurun, Naomi / van Lint, Jette / Murk, Jean-Luc / van Puijenbroek, Eugène / de Vries, Esther

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0296821

Abstract: Introduction: Biologicals have become a cornerstone in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. The increased risk of serious infections associated with their use is well-established. Non-serious infections, however, occur more frequently and are associated ...

Abstract	Introduction: Biologicals have become a cornerstone in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. The increased risk of serious infections associated with their use is well-established. Non-serious infections, however, occur more frequently and are associated with a high socioeconomic burden and impact on quality of life but have not received the same attention in the literature to date. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the various non-serious infections reported in RA patients using biologicals and their experienced burden. Materials and methods: The Dutch Biologic Monitor was a prospective observational study that included adults with rheumatoid arthritis and biological use who answered bimonthly questionnaires on the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) they experienced from their biological and reported the associated impact score (ranging from 1, no impact, to 5, very high impact). ADRs were assigned a MedDRA code by pharmacovigilance experts and labeled as definite, probable, possible or no infection by infectious disease professionals. Descriptive statistics were performed using medians and interquartile ranges. Results: A total of 586 patients were included in the final analysis. Eighty-five patients (14.5%) reported a total of 421 ADRs labeled as probable or definite infections by the experts. Patient-assigned burden was ADR-specific. Upper respiratory tract infections were most frequently reported and had a high rate of recurrence or persistence, with a median impact score of 3.0 (IQR 2.0-3.0) which remained stable over time. Discussion: Non-serious infections significantly outnumbered serious infections in this real-life cohort of RA patients using biologicals (77.1 non-serious infections and 1.3 serious infections per 100 patient years, respectively). Infections in the upper respiratory tract were rated as having an average burden, which remained constant over a long period of time. Awareness of the impact of recurrent and chronic non-serious infections may enable healthcare professionals to timely treat and maybe even prevent them, which would lessen the associated personal and socioeconomic burden.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Biological Factors/therapeutic use ; Health Personnel ; Patients ; Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Biological Factors ; Antirheumatic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0296821
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Article: Infections in Biological and Targeted Synthetic Drug Use in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Where do We Stand? A Scoping Review and Meta-analysis.

Bergmans, Barbara J M / Gebeyehu, Biniyam Y / van Puijenbroek, Eugène P / Van Deun, Katrijn / Kleinberg, Bennett / Murk, Jean-Luc / de Vries, Esther

Rheumatology and therapy

2023 Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 1147–1165

Abstract: Introduction: The advent of biological and targeted synthetic therapies has revolutionized rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, this has come at the price of an increased risk of infections. The aim of this study was to present an integrated ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The advent of biological and targeted synthetic therapies has revolutionized rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, this has come at the price of an increased risk of infections. The aim of this study was to present an integrated overview of both serious and non-serious infections, and to identify potential predictors of infection risk in RA patients using biological or targeted synthetic drugs. Methods: We systematically reviewed available literature from PubMed and Cochrane and performed multivariate meta-analysis with meta-regression on the reported infections. Randomized controlled trials and prospective and retrospective observational studies including patient registry studies were analyzed, combined as well as separately. We excluded studies focusing on viral infections only. Results: Infections were not reported in a standardized manner. Meta-analysis showed significant heterogeneity that persisted after forming subgroups by study design and follow-up duration. Overall, the pooled proportions of patients experiencing an infection during a study were 0.30 (95% CI, 0.28-0.33) and 0.03 (95% CI, 0.028-0.035) for any kind of infections or serious infections only, respectively. We found no potential predictors that were consistent across all study subgroups. Conclusions: The high heterogeneity and the inconsistency of potential predictors between studies show that we do not yet have a complete picture of infection risk in RA patients using biological or targeted synthetic drugs. Besides, we found non-serious infections outnumbered serious infections by a factor 10:1, but only a few studies have focused on their occurrence. Future studies should apply a uniform method of infectious adverse event reporting and also focus on non-serious infections and their impact on treatment decisions and quality of life.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2783278-8
ISSN	2198-6584 ; 2198-6576
ISSN (online)	2198-6584
ISSN	2198-6576
DOI	10.1007/s40744-023-00571-z
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Article: Serology testing in the time of corona: The ideal test is not there yet/ De ideale test is er nog niet

Van Dijk, Michel / Murk, Jean-Luc

Laboratoriumgeneeskunde

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #770094
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Cross-Reactivity of Human, Wild Boar, and Farm Animal Sera from Pre- and Post-Pandemic Periods with Alpha- and Βeta-Coronaviruses (CoV), including SARS-CoV-2.

Hulst, Marcel / Kant, Arie / Harders-Westerveen, José / Hoffmann, Markus / Xie, Yajing / Laheij, Charlotte / Murk, Jean-Luc / Van der Poel, Wim H M

Viruses

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1

Abstract: Panels of pre- and post-pandemic farm animals, wild boar and human sera, including human sera able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, were tested in serological tests to determine their cross-reactivity with β- and α-CoV originating from farm animals. ... ...

Abstract	Panels of pre- and post-pandemic farm animals, wild boar and human sera, including human sera able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, were tested in serological tests to determine their cross-reactivity with β- and α-CoV originating from farm animals. Sera were tested in neutralization assays with high ascending concentrations (up to 1 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Animals ; Cattle ; Rabbits ; Sheep ; Swine ; Animals, Domestic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/veterinary ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus ; Sus scrofa
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v16010034
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Article ; Online: First description and phylogenetic analysis of coxsackie virus A non-polio enteroviruses and parechoviruses A in South Sudanese children.

Couderé, Karen / Benschop, Kimberley / van Steen, Astrid / Verweij, Jaco J / Pas, Suzan / Cremer, Jeroen / Edridge, Arthur W D / Abd-Elfarag, Gasim O E / van Hensbroek, Michaël B / Pajkrt, Dasja / Murk, Jean-Luc / Wolthers, Katja C

Journal of medical virology

2023 Volume 95, Issue 10, Page(s) e29194

Abstract: Enteroviruses (EV) and parechoviruses A (PeV-A) are commonly circulating viruses able to cause severe disease. Surveillance studies from sub-Saharan Africa are limited and show high but variable infection rates and a high variation in genotypes. This is ... ...

Abstract	Enteroviruses (EV) and parechoviruses A (PeV-A) are commonly circulating viruses able to cause severe disease. Surveillance studies from sub-Saharan Africa are limited and show high but variable infection rates and a high variation in genotypes. This is the first study to describe EV and PeV-A circulation in children in South Sudan. Of the fecal samples collected, 35% and 10% were positive for EV and PeV-A, respectively. A wide range of genotypes were found, including several rarely described EV and PeV-A types. Coxsackie virus A (CVA) EV-C types, particularly CVA13, were the most dominant EV types. The CVA13 types had a high diversity with the majority belonging to four different previously described clusters. PeV-A1 and -A14 were the most common PeV-A genotypes. A lack of representative data from our and other studies from sub-Saharan Africa demonstrates the need for more systematic surveillance of non-polio EV and PeV-A types in this region.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Parechovirus/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Enterovirus/genetics ; Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.29194
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Article ; Online: De pijnlijke lessen van ebola: wetenschappelijke kennis komt te laat.

Murk, Jean-Luc / Bonten, Marc

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde

2014 Volume 158, Page(s) A8402

Abstract: The current Ebola epidemic in Western Africa painfully illustrates both the devastating power of a deadly virus once introduced into a severely compromised health care system, and the unpreparedness of Western countries to respond appropriately. After at ...

Title translation	The embarrassing lessons of Ebola: scientific knowledge comes too late.
Abstract	The current Ebola epidemic in Western Africa painfully illustrates both the devastating power of a deadly virus once introduced into a severely compromised health care system, and the unpreparedness of Western countries to respond appropriately. After at least 3857 casualties there has still been hardly any scientific evaluation of therapeutic or preventive treatments. The first uncontrolled observations of a new cocktail of monoclonal antibodies look promising, but given the size of the epidemic, only large-scale vaccination might be sufficient for effective control.
MeSH term(s)	Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/therapy ; Humans ; Vaccination
Language	Dutch
Publishing date	2014
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	82073-8
ISSN	1876-8784 ; 0028-2162
ISSN (online)	1876-8784
ISSN	0028-2162
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Article ; Online: A SARS-CoV-2 and influenza rapid antigen test-based hospital isolation policy awaiting RT-PCR, a prospective observational study.

Van der Moeren, Nathalie / Zwart, Vivian F / Louise van Leest, Marie / Thijssen, Marcel / Groenewegen, Robbert / Heer, Marieke Kuipers-de / Murk, Jean-Luc / Tjhie, Jeroen T / Diederen, Bram M W / Stohr, Joep J J M

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

2023 Volume 29, Issue 12, Page(s) 1595–1599

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of a combined SARS-CoV-2/influenza rapid antigen test (SIRAT) and to evaluate a SIRAT-based hospital isolation policy awaiting RT-PCR results for patients presenting at the emergency ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of a combined SARS-CoV-2/influenza rapid antigen test (SIRAT) and to evaluate a SIRAT-based hospital isolation policy awaiting RT-PCR results for patients presenting at the emergency department (ED). Methods: We performed a prospective observational study including all adult patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms at the ED of two hospitals from 31 October 2022 to 31 March 2023. A SIRAT and SARS-CoV-2 and influenza RT-PCR were performed on upper respiratory samples. SIRAT results were compared with RT-PCR. Droplet and contact isolation measures (DCIM) were imposed based on SIRAT results awaiting RT-PCR. We monitored symptomatic nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infections potentially caused by delayed isolation of patients with false negative SIRAT and the hours of unnecessary DCIM saved. Results: We included 1740 patients of whom 1296 were hospitalized. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B prevalence were 12.7% (221/1740) and 9.9% (171/1740). Sensitivity and specificity of the SIRAT were 67.7% (95% CI 61.1-73.9%) (149/220) and 99.4% (95% CI 99.0-99.8%) (1510/1518) for SARS-CoV-2 and 52.7% (95% CI 44.9-60.4%) (89/169) and 99.1% (95% CI 98.5-99.5%) (1530/1544) for influenza A/B. We found a 0% nosocomial transmission risk for SARS-CoV-2 (95% CI 0-8.8%) and influenza (95% CI 0-10%). In all, 8712 hours in total or a median up to 6 hours 59 minutes (IQR (interquartile range) 11h03) per patient of unnecessary DCIM were saved. Discussion: A SIRAT-guided hospital isolation policy awaiting RT-PCR results for patients who present at the ED can save unnecessary isolation hours without having to lead to significant symptomatic nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or influenza viruses.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Cross Infection/diagnosis ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; COVID-19 Testing
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1328418-6
ISSN	1469-0691 ; 1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
ISSN (online)	1469-0691
ISSN	1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
DOI	10.1016/j.cmi.2023.09.011
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Article ; Online: Cross-Reactivity of Human, Wild Boar, and Farm Animal Sera from Pre- and Post-Pandemic Periods with Alpha- and Βeta-Coronaviruses (CoV), including SARS-CoV-2

Hulst, Marcel / Kant, Arie / Harders-Westerveen, José / Hoffmann, Markus / Xie, Yajing / Laheij, Charlotte / Murk, Jean-Luc / Van der Poel, Wim H.M.

Viruses

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1

Abstract	Panels of pre- and post-pandemic farm animals, wild boar and human sera, including human sera able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, were tested in serological tests to determine their cross-reactivity with β- and α-CoV originating from farm animals. Sera were tested in neutralization assays with high ascending concentrations (up to 1 × 104 TCID50 units/well) of β-CoV Bovine coronavirus (BCV), SARS-CoV-2, and porcine α-CoV-transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). In addition, sera were tested for immunostaining of cells infected with β-CoV porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (PHEV). Testing revealed a significantly higher percentage of BCV neutralization (78%) for sera of humans that had experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2 convalescent sera) than was observed for human pre-pandemic sera (37%). Also, 46% of these human SARS-CoV-2 convalescent sera neutralized the highest concentration of BCV (5 × 103 TCID50/well) tested, whereas only 9.6% of the pre-pandemic sera did. Largely similar percentages were observed for staining of PHEV-infected cells by these panels of human sera. Furthermore, post-pandemic sera collected from wild boars living near a densely populated area in The Netherlands also showed a higher percentage (43%) and stronger BCV neutralization than was observed for pre-pandemic sera from this area (21%) and for pre- (28%) and post-pandemic (20%) sera collected from wild boars living in a nature reserve park with limited access for the public. High percentages of BCV neutralization were observed for pre- and post-pandemic sera of cows (100%), pigs (up to 45%), sheep (36%) and rabbits (60%). However, this cross-neutralization was restricted to sera collected from specific herds or farms. TGEV was neutralized only by sera of pigs (68%) and a few wild boar sera (4.6%). None of the BCV and PHEV cross-reacting human pre-pandemic, wild boar and farm animal sera effectively neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Preexisting antibodies in human sera effectively neutralized the animal β-CoV BCV ...
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; cross-neutralization ; farm animals ; humans ; pre- and post-pandemic sera ; wild boars ; α- and β-coronaviruses
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evidence for Independent Hepatitis E Virus Replication in the Brain.

den Drijver, Evert P M / Brouwer, Annemarie E / Synhaeve, Nathalie E / Keijer, Janneke P / Verweij, Jaco J / Murk, Jean-Luc / Pas, Suzan D

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation

2021 Volume 8, Issue 2

MeSH term(s)	Brain/immunology ; Brain/metabolism ; Hepatitis E/diagnosis ; Hepatitis E/immunology ; Hepatitis E/metabolism ; Hepatitis E virus/immunology ; Hepatitis E virus/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Virus Replication/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2767740-0
ISSN	2332-7812 ; 2332-7812
ISSN (online)	2332-7812
ISSN	2332-7812
DOI	10.1212/NXI.0000000000000939
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