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Article ; Online: Hepatitis B virus prevalence in first-time blood donors in Flanders, Belgium: Impact of universal vaccination and migration.

De Brier, Niels / Koc, Özgür M / De Buck, Emmy / Muylaert, An / Nevens, Frederik / Vanbrabant, Miek / Vandeloo, Judith / Van Remoortel, Hans / Robaeys, Geert / Compernolle, Veerle

Transfusion

2021 Volume 61, Issue 7, Page(s) 2125–2136

Abstract: Background: Transfusion-transmissible infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) remain a major concern for the safety of blood transfusion. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the trend of HBV prevalence and associated risk factors among a first- ...

Abstract	Background: Transfusion-transmissible infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) remain a major concern for the safety of blood transfusion. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the trend of HBV prevalence and associated risk factors among a first-time donor population in a low endemic country. Study design and methods: Between 2010 and 2018, blood samples were collected from first-time donors presented at donor collection sites of Belgian Red Cross-Flanders. They were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), and HBV DNA, HIV and hepatitis virus C (HCV) antibodies and RNA, and syphilis antibodies. Results: A total of 211,331 first-time blood donors (43.7% males, median age 25 years) were analyzed. HBsAg prevalence decreased from 0.06% in 2010 to 0.05% in 2018 (p = .004) and this declining trend was accompanied by an increased number of donors in the HBV vaccinated birth cohort (p < .001). HBsAg prevalence was 0.33% in foreign-born donors and 0.02% in Belgian natives (p < .001). Multivariate risk profiling showed that anti-HBc positivity was significantly associated with mainly foreign-born donors (odds ratio [OR] = 9.24) but also with older age (OR = 1.06), male gender (OR = 1.32), year of blood donation (OR = 0.94), and co-infections with HCV (OR = 4.31) or syphilis (OR = 4.91). Discussion: The decreasing trend in HBV prevalence could mainly be explained by the introduction of the universal HBV vaccination. Being born in endemic areas was the most important predictor for HBV infection while the co-infections with syphilis suggest unreported sexual risk contacts.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Belgium/epidemiology ; Blood Donors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hepatitis B/blood ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens/immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Transfusion Reaction/prevention & control ; Urban Population ; Vaccination ; Viremia/blood ; Viremia/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208417-x
ISSN	1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
ISSN (online)	1537-2995
ISSN	0041-1132
DOI	10.1111/trf.16431
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Article ; Online: A novel competition ELISA for the rapid quantification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in convalescent plasma.

Wouters, Elise / Verbrugghe, Caro / Devloo, Rosalie / Debruyne, Isabelle / De Clippel, Dorien / Van Heddegem, Leen / Van Asch, Kristin / Van Gaver, Véronique / Vanbrabant, Miek / Muylaert, An / Compernolle, Veerle / Feys, Hendrik B

Transfusion

2021 Volume 61, Issue 10, Page(s) 2981–2990

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) ideally contains high titers of (neutralizing) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Several scalable immunoassays for CCP selection have been developed. We designed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that ... ...

Abstract	Background: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) ideally contains high titers of (neutralizing) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Several scalable immunoassays for CCP selection have been developed. We designed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that measures neutralizing antibodies (of all isotypes) in plasma by determining the level of competition between CCP and a mouse neutralizing antibody for binding to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Plasma was collected from 72 convalescent individuals and inhibition of viral infection was determined by plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT50). The level of neutralizing antibodies was measured in the novel competition ELISA and in a commercially available ELISA that measures inhibition of recombinant ACE2 binding to immobilized RBD. These results were compared with a high throughput chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Results: The results from both ELISAs were correlating, in particular for high titer CCP (PRNT50 ≥ 1:160) (Spearman r = .73, p < .001). Moderate correlation was found between the competition ELISA and CMIA (r = .57 for high titer and r = .62 for low titer CCP, p < .001). Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the competition ELISA selected CCP with a sensitivity and specificity of 61% and 100%, respectively. However, discrimination between low and high titer CCP had a lower resolution (sensitivity: 34% and specificity: 89%). Conclusion: The competition ELISA screens for neutralizing antibodies in CCP by competition for just a single epitope. It exerts a sensitivity of 61% with no false identifications. These ELISA designs can be used for epitope mapping or for selection of CCP.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19 Serological Testing/methods ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208417-x
ISSN	1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
ISSN (online)	1537-2995
ISSN	0041-1132
DOI	10.1111/trf.16652
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Article ; Online: Phylogenetic analysis reveals three distinct epidemiological profiles in Dutch and Flemish blood donors with hepatitis B virus infection.

van de Laar, Thijs J / Van Gaever, Véronique A / Swieten, Peter van / Muylaert, An / Compernolle, Veerle / Zaaijer, Hans L

Virology

2018 Volume 515, Page(s) 243–249

Abstract: During 2006-2016, hepatitis B virus (HBV) was detected in nearly 400 blood donors in the Netherlands and Flanders. Donor demographics and self-reported risk factors as disclosed during the donor exit interview were compared to HBV phylogenies of donor ... ...

Abstract	During 2006-2016, hepatitis B virus (HBV) was detected in nearly 400 blood donors in the Netherlands and Flanders. Donor demographics and self-reported risk factors as disclosed during the donor exit interview were compared to HBV phylogenies of donor and reference sequences. First-time donors with chronic HBV-infection were often immigrants (67%) infected with genetically highly diverse strains of genotypes A (32%), B (8%), C (6%), D (53%) and E to H (1%). Each subtype was strongly associated with donor ethnicity. In contrast, 57/62 (93%) of acute/recent HBV infections occurred among indigenous donors, of whom 67% was infected with one specific widely circulating epidemic HBV-A2 lineage. HBV typing identified three distinct epidemiological profiles: the import of chronic HBV infections through migration, longstanding transmission of non-epidemic HBV-A2 strains within western-Europe, and the active transmission of one epidemic HBV-A2 strain most likely fueled by sexual risk behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Belgium/epidemiology ; Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/virology ; Hepatitis B virus/classification ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2018
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.011
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Article ; Online: An international review of the characteristics of viral nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) reveals a trend towards the use of smaller pool sizes and individual donation NAT.

Faddy, Helen M / Osiowy, Carla / Custer, Brian / Busch, Michael / Stramer, Susan L / Dean, Melinda M / Acutt, Jessika / Viennet, Elvina / van de Laar, Thijs / Tsoi, Wai-Chiu / Styles, Claire / Kiely, Phil / Margaritis, Angelo / Kwon, So-Yong / Qiu, Yan / Deng, Xuelian / Lewin, Antoine / Jørgensen, Signe Winther / Erikstrup, Christian /

Juhl, David / Sauleda, Silvia / Camacho Rodriguez, Bernardo Armando / Soto Coral, Lisbeth Jennifer Catherine / Gaviria García, Paula Andrea / Oota, Sineenart / O'Brien, Sheila F / Wendel, Silvano / Castro, Emma / Navarro Pérez, Laura / Harvala, Heli / Davison, Katy / Reynolds, Claire / Jarvis, Lisa / Grabarczyk, Piotr / Kopacz, Aneta / Łętowska, Magdalena / O'Flaherty, Niamh / Young, Fiona / Williams, Padraig / Burke, Lisa / Chua, Sze Sze / Muylaert, An / Page, Isabel / Jones, Ann / Niederhauser, Christoph / Vermeulen, Marion / Laperche, Syria / Gallian, Pierre / Satake, Masahiro / Addas-Carvalho, Marcelo / Blanco, Sebastián / Gallego, Sandra V / Seltsam, Axel / Weber-Schehl, Marijke / Al-Riyami, Arwa Z / Al Maamari, Khuloud / Alawi, Fatma Ba / Pandey, Hem Chandra / França, Rochele Azevedo / Charlewood, Richard

Vox sanguinis

2024

Abstract: Background and objectives: Nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) is used for screening blood donations/donors for blood-borne viruses. We reviewed global viral NAT characteristics and NAT-yield confirmatory testing used by blood operators.: ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) is used for screening blood donations/donors for blood-borne viruses. We reviewed global viral NAT characteristics and NAT-yield confirmatory testing used by blood operators. Materials and methods: NAT characteristics and NAT-yield confirmatory testing used during 2019 was surveyed internationally by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases. Reported characteristics are presented herein. Results: NAT was mainly performed under government mandate. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) NAT was performed on all donors and donation types, while selective testing was reported for West Nile virus, hepatitis E virus (HEV), and Zika virus. Individual donation NAT was used for HIV, HCV and HBV by ~50% of responders, while HEV was screened in mini-pools by 83% of responders performing HEV NAT. Confirmatory testing for NAT-yield samples was generally performed by NAT on a sample from the same donation or by NAT and serology on samples from the same donation and a follow-up sample. Conclusion: In the last decade, there has been a trend towards use of smaller pool sizes or individual donation NAT. We captured characteristics of NAT internationally in 2019 and provide insights into confirmatory testing approaches used for NAT-yields, potentially benefitting blood operators seeking to implement NAT.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80313-3
ISSN	1423-0410 ; 0042-9007
ISSN (online)	1423-0410
ISSN	0042-9007
DOI	10.1111/vox.13617
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Article ; Online: International review of blood donation nucleic acid amplification testing.

Faddy, Helen M / Osiowy, Carla / Custer, Brian / Busch, Michael / Stramer, Susan L / Adesina, Opeyemi / van de Laar, Thijs / Tsoi, Wai-Chiu / Styles, Claire / Kiely, Phil / Margaritis, Angelo / Kwon, So-Yong / Qiu, Yan / Deng, Xuelian / Lewin, Antoine / Jørgensen, Signe Winther / Erikstrup, Christian / Juhl, David / Sauleda, Silvia /

Camacho Rodriguez, Bernardo Armando / Coral, Lisbeth Jennifer Catherine Soto / Gaviria García, Paula Andrea / Oota, Sineenart / O'Brien, Sheila F / Wendel, Silvano / Castro, Emma / Navarro Pérez, Laura / Harvala, Heli / Davison, Katy / Reynolds, Claire / Jarvis, Lisa / Grabarczyk, Piotr / Kopacz, Aneta / Łętowska, Magdalena / O'Flaherty, Niamh / Young, Fiona / Williams, Padraig / Burke, Lisa / Chua, Sze Sze / Muylaert, An / Page, Isabel / Jones, Ann / Niederhauser, Christoph / Vermeulen, Marion / Laperche, Syria / Gallian, Pierre / Sawadogo, Salam / Satake, Masahiro / Gharehbaghian, Ahmad / Addas-Carvalho, Marcelo / Blanco, Sebastián / Gallego, Sandra V / Seltsam, Axel / Weber-Schehl, Marijke / Al-Riyami, Arwa Z / Al Maamari, Khuloud / Alawi, Fatma Ba / Pandey, Hem Chandra / Mbanya, Dora / França, Rochele Azevedo / Charlewood, Richard

Vox sanguinis

2024 Volume 119, Issue 4, Page(s) 315–325

Abstract: Background and objectives: Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), in blood services context, is used for the detection of viral and parasite nucleic acids to reduce transfusion-transmitted infections. This project reviewed NAT for screening blood ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), in blood services context, is used for the detection of viral and parasite nucleic acids to reduce transfusion-transmitted infections. This project reviewed NAT for screening blood donations globally. Materials and methods: A survey on NAT usage, developed by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases (ISBT WP-TTID), was distributed through ISBT WP-TTID members. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Forty-three responses were received from 32 countries. Increased adoption of blood donation viral screening by NAT was observed over the past decade. NAT-positive donations were detected for all viruses tested in 2019 (proportion of donations positive by NAT were 0.0099% for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], 0.0063% for hepatitis C virus [HCV], 0.0247% for hepatitis B virus [HBV], 0.0323% for hepatitis E virus [HEV], 0.0014% for West Nile virus [WNV] and 0.00005% for Zika virus [ZIKV]). Globally, over 3100 NAT-positive donations were identified as NAT yield or solely by NAT in 2019 and over 22,000 since the introduction of NAT, with HBV accounting for over half. NAT-positivity rate was higher in first-time donors for all viruses tested except WNV. During 2019, a small number of participants performed NAT for parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia spp., Plasmodium spp.). Conclusion: This survey captures current use of blood donation NAT globally. There has been increased NAT usage over the last decade. It is clear that NAT contributes to improving blood transfusion safety globally; however, there is a need to overcome economic barriers for regions/countries not performing NAT.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Blood Donation ; Blood Donors ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Nucleic Acids ; Transfusion Reaction ; Zika Virus ; Zika Virus Infection
Chemical Substances	Nucleic Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80313-3
ISSN	1423-0410 ; 0042-9007
ISSN (online)	1423-0410
ISSN	0042-9007
DOI	10.1111/vox.13592
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Article ; Online: Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacter aerogenes phenotypically misidentified as Klebsiella pneumoniae or K. terrigena

Verschraegen Gerda / Vandecandelaere Patricia / Wauters Georges / De Baere Thierry / Claeys Geert / Muylaert An / Vaneechoutte Mario

BMC Microbiology, Vol 4, Iss 1, p

2004 Volume 49

Abstract: Abstract Background Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae are common isolates in clinical microbiology and important as producers of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). The discrimination between both species, which is routinely based on ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae are common isolates in clinical microbiology and important as producers of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). The discrimination between both species, which is routinely based on biochemical characteristics, is generally accepted to be straightforward. Here we report that genotypically unrelated strains of E. aerogenes can be misidentified as K. pneumoniae by routine laboratories using standard biochemical identification and using identification automates. Results Ten clinical isolates, identified as K. pneumoniae or K. terrigena with the routinely used biochemical tests and with API-20E, were identified as E. aerogenes by tDNA-PCR – an identification that was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for five of these isolates. Misidentification also occurred when using the automated identification systems Vitek 2 and Phoenix, and was due to delayed positivity for ornithine decarboxylase and motility. Subculture and prolonged incubation resulted in positive results for ornithine decarboxylase and for motility. It could be shown by RAPD-analysis that the E. aerogenes strains belonged to different genotypes. Conclusions Clinical E. aerogenes isolates can be easily misidentified as Klebsiella due to delayed positivity for ornithine decarboxylase and motility. The phenomenon may be widespread, since it was shown to occur among genotypically unrelated strains from different hospitals and different isolation dates. A useful clue for correct identification is the presence of an inducible β-lactamase, which is highly unusual for K. pneumoniae . In several instances, the use of genotypic techniques like tDNA-PCR may circumvent problems of phenotypic identification.
Keywords	Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Microbiology ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Identification of cultured isolates of clinically important yeast species using fluorescent fragment length analysis of the amplified internally transcribed rRNA spacer 2 region

Muylaert An / Verschraegen Gerda / Massonet Caroline / Swinne Danielle / Claeys Geert / De Baere Thierry / Vaneechoutte Mario

BMC Microbiology, Vol 2, Iss 1, p

2002 Volume 21

Abstract: Abstract Background The number of patients with yeast infection has increased during the last years. Also the variety of species of clinical importance has increased. Correct species identification is often important for efficient therapy, but is ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The number of patients with yeast infection has increased during the last years. Also the variety of species of clinical importance has increased. Correct species identification is often important for efficient therapy, but is currently mostly based on phenotypic features and is sometimes time-consuming and depends largely on the expertise of technicians. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of PCR-based amplification of the internally transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2), followed by fragment size analysis on the ABI Prism 310 for the identification of clinically important yeasts. Results A rapid DNA-extraction method, based on simple boiling-freezing was introduced. Of the 26 species tested, 22 could be identified unambiguously by scoring the length of the ITS2-region. No distinction could be made between the species Trichosporon asteroides and T. inkin or between T. mucoides and T. ovoides. The two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans (var. neoformans and var. gattii ) could be differentiated from each other due to a one bp length difference of the ITS2 fragment. The three Cryptococcus laurentii isolates were split into two groups according to their ITS2-fragment lengths, in correspondence with the phylogenetic groups described previously. Since the obtained fragment lengths compare well to those described previously and could be exchanged between two laboratories, an internationally usable library of ITS2 fragment lengths can be constructed. Conclusions The existing ITS2 size based library enables identification of most of the clinically important yeast species within 6 hours starting from a single colony and can be easily updated when new species are described. Data can be exchanged between laboratories.
Keywords	Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Microbiology ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacter aerogenes phenotypically misidentified as Klebsiella pneumoniae or K. terrigena.

Claeys, Geert / De Baere, Thierry / Wauters, Georges / Vandecandelaere, Patricia / Verschraegen, Gerda / Muylaert, An / Vaneechoutte, Mario

BMC microbiology

2004 Volume 4, Page(s) 49

Abstract: Background: Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae are common isolates in clinical microbiology and important as producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). The discrimination between both species, which is routinely based on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae are common isolates in clinical microbiology and important as producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). The discrimination between both species, which is routinely based on biochemical characteristics, is generally accepted to be straightforward. Here we report that genotypically unrelated strains of E. aerogenes can be misidentified as K. pneumoniae by routine laboratories using standard biochemical identification and using identification automates. Results: Ten clinical isolates, identified as K. pneumoniae or K. terrigena with the routinely used biochemical tests and with API-20E, were identified as E. aerogenes by tDNA-PCR - an identification that was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for five of these isolates. Misidentification also occurred when using the automated identification systems Vitek 2 and Phoenix, and was due to delayed positivity for ornithine decarboxylase and motility. Subculture and prolonged incubation resulted in positive results for ornithine decarboxylase and for motility. It could be shown by RAPD-analysis that the E. aerogenes strains belonged to different genotypes. Conclusions: Clinical E. aerogenes isolates can be easily misidentified as Klebsiella due to delayed positivity for ornithine decarboxylase and motility. The phenomenon may be widespread, since it was shown to occur among genotypically unrelated strains from different hospitals and different isolation dates. A useful clue for correct identification is the presence of an inducible beta-lactamase, which is highly unusual for K. pneumoniae. In several instances, the use of genotypic techniques like tDNA-PCR may circumvent problems of phenotypic identification.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Diagnostic Errors ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Enterobacter aerogenes/enzymology ; Enterobacter aerogenes/genetics ; Enterobacter aerogenes/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Phenotype ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-12-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2180
ISSN (online)	1471-2180
DOI	10.1186/1471-2180-4-49
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Article ; Online: Identification of cultured isolates of clinically important yeast species using fluorescent fragment length analysis of the amplified internally transcribed rRNA spacer 2 region (ITS2).

De Baere, Thierry / Claeys, Geert / Swinne, Danielle / Verschraegen, Gerda / Muylaert, An / Massonet, Caroline / Vaneechoutte, Mario

BMC microbiology

2002 Volume 2, Page(s) 21

Abstract: Background: The number of patients candidate to yeast infection has increased during the last years. Also the variety of species of clinical importance has increased. Correct species identification is often important for efficient therapy, but is based ... ...

Abstract	Background: The number of patients candidate to yeast infection has increased during the last years. Also the variety of species of clinical importance has increased. Correct species identification is often important for efficient therapy, but is based on phenotypic features and is sometimes time-consuming and depends largely on the expertise of technicians. Therefore, we evaluated the feasability of PCR-based amplification of the Internally Transcribed Spacer region 2, followed by fragment size analysis on the ABI Prism 310 for the identification of clinically important yeasts. Results: A rapid DNA-extraction method, based on simple boiling freezing was introduced. Of the 25 species tested, 22 could be identified unambiguously by scoring the length of the ITS2-region. No distinction could be made between the species T. asteroides and T. inkin and between T. mucoides and T. ovoides. The two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans (var. neoformans and var. gattii) could be differentiated from each other due to a one bp length difference of the ITS2 fragment. The three C. laurentii isolates were split in two groups according to their ITS2-fragment lengths, in correspondence with the phylogenetic groups described previously. Since the obtained fragment lenghts compared well to those described previously, an internationally usable library of ITS2 fragment lengths can be constructed. Conclusions: The existing ITS2 size based library enables identification of most of the clinically important yeast species, within 6 hours starting from a single colony, can be easily updated when new species are described. Data can be exchanged between laboratories.
MeSH term(s)	Candida/genetics ; Candida/growth & development ; Candida/isolation & purification ; Candida/pathogenicity ; Cryptococcus/genetics ; Cryptococcus/growth & development ; Cryptococcus/isolation & purification ; Cryptococcus/pathogenicity ; Cryptococcus neoformans/genetics ; Cryptococcus neoformans/growth & development ; Cryptococcus neoformans/isolation & purification ; Cryptococcus neoformans/pathogenicity ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; Databases, Genetic ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Fluorometry/methods ; Genes, Fungal/genetics ; Genes, rRNA/genetics ; Mycoses/diagnosis ; Mycoses/microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Saccharomycetales/genetics ; Saccharomycetales/growth & development ; Saccharomycetales/isolation & purification ; Saccharomycetales/pathogenicity ; Species Specificity ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Trichosporon/genetics ; Trichosporon/growth & development ; Trichosporon/isolation & purification ; Trichosporon/pathogenicity ; Yeasts/genetics ; Yeasts/growth & development ; Yeasts/isolation & purification ; Yeasts/pathogenicity
Chemical Substances	DNA, Fungal ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; Fluorescent Dyes
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-07-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2180
ISSN (online)	1471-2180
DOI	10.1186/1471-2180-2-21
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Article: Bacteremia due to Moraxella atlantae in a cancer patient.

De Baere, Thierry / Muylaert, An / Everaert, Els / Wauters, Georges / Claeys, Geert / Verschraegen, Gerda / Vaneechoutte, Mario

Journal of clinical microbiology

2001 Volume 40, Issue 7, Page(s) 2693–2695

Abstract: A gram-negative alkaline phosphatase- and pyrrolidone peptidase-positive rod-shaped bacterium (CCUG 45702) was isolated from two aerobic blood cultures from a female cancer patient. No identification could be reached using phenotypic techniques. ... ...

Abstract	A gram-negative alkaline phosphatase- and pyrrolidone peptidase-positive rod-shaped bacterium (CCUG 45702) was isolated from two aerobic blood cultures from a female cancer patient. No identification could be reached using phenotypic techniques. Amplification of the tRNA intergenic spacers revealed fragments with lengths of 116, 133, and 270 bp, but no such pattern was present in our reference library. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed its identity as Moraxella atlantae, a species isolated only rarely and published only once as causing infection. In retrospect, the phenotypic characteristics fit the identification as M. atlantae (formerly known as CDC group M-3). Comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicates that M. atlantae, M. lincolnii, and M. osloensis might constitute three separate genera within the MORAXELLACEAE: After treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for 2 days, fever subsided and the patient was dismissed.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/complications ; Adult ; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use ; Bacteremia/drug therapy ; Bacteremia/etiology ; Bacteremia/microbiology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Moraxella/classification ; Moraxella/genetics ; Moraxella/isolation & purification ; Moraxella/pathogenicity ; Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy ; Neisseriaceae Infections/etiology ; Neisseriaceae Infections/microbiology ; Opportunistic Infections/etiology ; Opportunistic Infections/microbiology ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Rectal Neoplasms/complications ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; DNA, Ribosomal ; RNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination (74469-00-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-10-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390499-4
ISSN	1098-660X ; 0095-1137
ISSN (online)	1098-660X
ISSN	0095-1137
DOI	10.1128/JCM.40.7.2693-2695.2002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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