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  1. Article ; Online: Towards a global framework for assessing male involvement in maternal health

    Kristien Roelens / Sally Griffin / Anna Galle / Nafissa Osman / Olivier Degomme

    BMJ Open, Vol 11, Iss

    results of an international Delphi study

    2021  Volume 9

    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Factors associated with HIV serodiscordance among couples in Mozambique

    Adelino J C Juga / Niel Hens / Nafissa Osman / Marc Aerts

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e

    Comparison of the 2009 INSIDA and 2015 IMASIDA surveys.

    2020  Volume 0234723

    Abstract: Recent studies suggest that a large proportion of new HIV-1 infections in mature epidemics occurs within discordant couples, making discordancy a major contributor to the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa. This paper aims at assessing changes over a five-year ...

    Abstract Recent studies suggest that a large proportion of new HIV-1 infections in mature epidemics occurs within discordant couples, making discordancy a major contributor to the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa. This paper aims at assessing changes over a five-year period (2009-2015) on the (risk) factors associated with HIV serodiscordance among couples in Mozambique, using cross-sectional data from the INSIDA and IMASIDA surveys. The pooled data of both surveys were analyzed using a joint model for three parameters characterizing in a particular way disagreement and sero(con/dis)corance between the HIV statuses of couples, as introduced by Aerts et al.: the probability that the female partner is HIV positive, given that both partners differ in their HIV status, the probability that only one partner is HIV positive, given that at least one of the two partners is positive ("positive" serodiscordance), and the probability that both partners are negative given that at most one of the two partners is positive ("negative" seroconcordance). The results reveal similar significant factors and estimates as in Aerts et al. (HIV prevalence, union number for woman, STI for man, condom use by woman and wealth index), but the additional significant factors "condom use by man" (no use had a negative effect on the positive serodiscordance) and "union number for man" (for couples where the man has been married or co-habiting with a woman before had a decreased negative seroconcordance) were identified. The only factor that had a different effect over time (IMASIDA as compared to INSIDA) was the effect of "HIV prevalence of province" on the negative seroconcordance. The negative effect of a higher HIV prevalence was less pronounced in 2015 for negative seroconcordance.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: A flexible method to model HIV serodiscordance among couples in Mozambique.

    Adelino J C Juga / Niel Hens / Nafissa Osman / Marc Aerts

    PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 3, p e

    2017  Volume 0172959

    Abstract: Whereas the number of people newly infected by HIV is continuing to decline globally, the epidemic continues to expand in many parts of the world. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has matured in many countries, it is believed that the proportion of new ... ...

    Abstract Whereas the number of people newly infected by HIV is continuing to decline globally, the epidemic continues to expand in many parts of the world. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has matured in many countries, it is believed that the proportion of new infections occurring within couples has risen. Across countries, including Mozambique, a sizeable proportion of couples with HIV infection are discordant. A serodiscordant couple is a couple in which one partner has tested positive for HIV and the other has not. To describe the HIV serodiscordance among couples, a variety of association measures can be used. In this paper, we propose the serodiscordance measure (SDM) as a new alternative measure. Focus is on the specification of flexible marginal and random effects models for multivariate correlated binary data together with a full-likelihood estimation method, to adequately and directly describe the measure of interest. Fitting joint models allows examining the effects of different risk factors and other covariates on the probability to be HIV positive for each member within a couple, and estimating common effects for both probabilities more efficiently, while accounting for the association between their infection status. Moreover, the interpretation of the proposed association parameter SDM is more direct and relevant and effects of covariates can be studied as well. Results show that the HIV prevalence for the province where a couple was located as well as the union number for the woman within a couple are factors associated with HIV serodiscordance. These findings are important for the Mozambican public health policy makers to design national prevention plans, which include policies to stimulate regular HIV testing for couples as well as adolescents and young adults, prior to getting married or living together as a couple.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Nevirapine hair and plasma concentrations and HIV-1 viral suppression among HIV infected ante-partum and post-partum women attended in a mother and child prevention program in Maputo city, Mozambique.

    Rosa Marlene Cuco / Osvaldo Loquiha / Adelino Juga / Aleny Couto / Bindiya Meggi / Adolfo Vubil / Esperança Sevene / Nafissa Osman / Marleen Temermam / Olivier Degomme / Mohsin Sidat / Nilesh Bhatt

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e

    2022  Volume 0261522

    Abstract: Introduction Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is frequently challenged by irregular access to more effective anti-retroviral therapy. Nevirapine single dose (sdNVP), sdNVP+AZT+3TC for MTCT prophylaxis and NVP+ AZT+3TC for ... ...

    Abstract Introduction Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is frequently challenged by irregular access to more effective anti-retroviral therapy. Nevirapine single dose (sdNVP), sdNVP+AZT+3TC for MTCT prophylaxis and NVP+ AZT+3TC for treatment and PMTCT were withdrawn due to low genetic resistance barrier and low efficacy. However current PMTCT lines in Mozambique include DTG+3TC+TDF, TDF+3TC+EFV, DTG +ABC+3TC, and AZT + NVP syrup prophylaxis for exposed babies. We assessed NVP hair and plasma concentrations and association with HIV-1RNA suppression among HIV+ ante-partum and post-partum women under PMTCT in Maputo, Mozambique. Methods From December 2013 to November 2014, prospectively were enrolled 200 HIV+ ante-partum women on 200mg nevirapine and zidovudine 300 plus lamivudine 150mg twice daily at least with 3 months treatment and seen again at 24 weeks post-partum. Self-reported pill-taking adherence, NVP concentrations in hair, plasma, hemoglobin, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 RNA load was evaluated. NVP concentration in hair and plasma was analyzed as categorical quartile variable based on better data fit. NVP concentration was set between ≤3.77 ng/ml in plasma and ≤17,20 ng/mg in hair in quartile one to ≥5.36 ng/ml in plasma and ≥53.21 ng/mg in hair in quartile four. Logistic regression models for repeated measures were calculated. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines we set viral suppression at HIV-1RNA < 1000 c/mL. Outcome was HIV-1 RNA<1000 copies/ml. Predictor was NVP concentration in hair categorized in quartiles. Results In total 369 person-visits (median of 1.85) were recorded. Self-reported adherence was 98% (IQR 97-100%) at ante-partum. In 25% person visits, NVP concentrations were within therapeutic levels (3.77 ng/ml to 5.35 ng/ml) in plasma and (17.20 ng/mg to 53.20 ng/mg) in hair. In 50% person visits NVP concentrations were above 5.36 ng/ml in plasm and 53.21 ng/mg in hair. HIV-1 RNA suppression was found in 34.7% of women with two viral loads, one at ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Mapping maternal mortality rate via spatial zero-inflated models for count data

    Osvaldo Loquiha / Niel Hens / Leonardo Chavane / Marleen Temmerman / Nafissa Osman / Christel Faes / Marc Aerts

    PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 11, p e

    A case study of facility-based maternal deaths from Mozambique.

    2018  Volume 0202186

    Abstract: Maternal mortality remains very high in Mozambique, with estimates from 2015 showing a maternal mortality ratio of 489 deaths per 100,000 live births, even though the rates tend to decrease since 1990. Pregnancy related hemorrhage, gestational ... ...

    Abstract Maternal mortality remains very high in Mozambique, with estimates from 2015 showing a maternal mortality ratio of 489 deaths per 100,000 live births, even though the rates tend to decrease since 1990. Pregnancy related hemorrhage, gestational hypertension and diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS are amongst the leading causes of maternal death in Mozambique, and a significant number of these deaths occur within health facilities. Often, the analysis of data on maternal mortality involves the use of counts of maternal deaths as outcome variable. Previously we showed that a class of hierarchical zero-inflated models were very successful in dealing with overdispersion and clustered counts when analyzing data on maternal deaths and related risk factors within health facilities in Mozambique. This paper aims at providing additional insights over previous analyses and presents an extension of such models to account for spatial variation in a disease mapping framework of facility-based maternal mortality in Mozambique.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 310 ; 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution among young women and men in Maputo city, Mozambique.

    Edna Omar, Viegas / Orvalho, Augusto / Nália, Ismael / Kaliff, Malin / Lillsunde-Larsson, Gabriella / Ramqvist, Torbjörn / Nilsson, Charlotta / Falk, Kerstin / Nafissa, Osman / Ilesh Vindorai, Jani / Andersson, Sören

    BMJ open

    2017  Volume 7, Issue 7, Page(s) e015653

    Abstract: Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of cervical cancer, the second most frequent cancer in female African populations. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HPV infections and the genotype distribution in young ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of cervical cancer, the second most frequent cancer in female African populations. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HPV infections and the genotype distribution in young adults aged 18-24, in Maputo city, Mozambique, and to assess the suitability of commercially available HPV vaccines.
    Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2009 and 2011 at a youth clinic in Maputo Central Hospital. Cervical and urethral samples were obtained from 236 women and 176 men, respectively. Demographic and behavioural data were collected using structured questionnaires. HPV genotyping was performed for 35 different high, probably or possibly high-risk and low-risk HPV types using the CLART Human Papillomavirus 2.
    Results: HPV prevalence was 168/412 (40.8%; 95% CI 36.0 to 45.5) and was significantly higher in women than in men (63.6%vs10.2%). HPV52 was the most frequent type found in women, followed by HPV35, -16,-53, -58,-6 and -51. In men, HPV51 ranked the highest, followed by HPV6, -11,-52, -59 and -70. HIV infection and sexual debut before 18 years of age were associated with multiple HPV infections (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.49 to 6.25 and OR 6.03; 95% CI 1.73 to 21.02, respectively). Women had a significantly higher HPV infection prevalence than men (p<0.001). The 9-valent HPV vaccine would cover 36.8% of the high-risk genotypes circulating in women in this study, compared with 26.3% and 15.8% coverage by the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines, respectively.
    Conclusion: This study confirmed the high burden of HPV infections in young women in Maputo city, Mozambique. The HPV prevalence was associated with high-risk sexual behaviour. Sex education and sexually transmitted infection prevention interventions should be intensified in Mozambique. Only a proportion of the high-risk HPV genotypes (37%) were covered by currently available vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mozambique/epidemiology ; Papillomaviridae/classification ; Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Sex Distribution ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Papillomavirus Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015653
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Reference values for clinical laboratory parameters in young adults in Maputo, Mozambique.

    Nelson Tembe / Orvalho Joaquim / Eunice Alfai / Nádia Sitoe / Edna Viegas / Eulalia Macovela / Emilia Gonçalves / Nafissa Osman / Sören Andersson / Ilesh Jani / Charlotta Nilsson

    PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 5, p e

    2014  Volume 97391

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical laboratory reference values from North American and European populations are currently used in most Africans countries due to the absence of locally derived reference ranges, despite previous studies reporting significant differences ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Clinical laboratory reference values from North American and European populations are currently used in most Africans countries due to the absence of locally derived reference ranges, despite previous studies reporting significant differences between populations. Our aim was to define reference ranges for both genders in 18 to 24 year-old Mozambicans in preparation for clinical vaccine trials. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 257 volunteers (102 males and 155 females) between 18 and 24 years was performedat a youth clinic in Maputo, Mozambique. All volunteers were clinically healthy and human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B virus and syphilis negative.Median and 95% reference ranges were calculated for immunological, hematological and chemistry parameters. Ranges were compared with those reported based on populations in other African countries and the US. The impact of applying US NIH Division of AIDS (DAIDS) toxicity tables was assessed. RESULTS: The immunology ranges were comparable to those reported for the US and western Kenya.There were significant gender differences in CD4+ T cell values 713 cells/µL in males versus 824 cells/µL in females (p<0.0001). Hematologic values differed from the US values but were similar to reports of populations in western Kenya and Uganda. The lower and upper limits of the ranges for hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells and lymphocytes were somewhat lower than those from these African countries. The chemistry values were comparable to US values, with few exceptions. The upper limits for ALT, AST, bilirubin, cholesterol and triglycerides were higher than those from the US. DAIDStables for adverse events predicted 297 adverse events and 159 (62%) of the volunteers would have been excluded. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to determine normal laboratory parameters in Mozambique. Our results underscore the necessity of establishing region-specific clinical reference ranges for proper patient management and safe conduct of ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Incidence of HIV and the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis among youths in Maputo, Mozambique

    Edna Omar Viegas / Nelson Tembe / Eulália Macovela / Emília Gonçalves / Orvalho Augusto / Nália Ismael / Nádia Sitoe / Caroline De Schacht / Nilesh Bhatt / Bindiya Meggi / Carolina Araujo / Eric Sandström / Gunnel Biberfeld / Charlotta Nilsson / Sören Andersson / Ilesh Jani / Nafissa Osman

    PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 3, p e

    a cohort study.

    2015  Volume 0121452

    Abstract: Prevalence of HIV in Mozambique among individuals aged 15-49 years is 11.5%. The HIV prevalence is higher in women than in men across the country, peaking at ages 25-29 years and 35-39 years, respectively. In this study, we aimed at determining the ... ...

    Abstract Prevalence of HIV in Mozambique among individuals aged 15-49 years is 11.5%. The HIV prevalence is higher in women than in men across the country, peaking at ages 25-29 years and 35-39 years, respectively. In this study, we aimed at determining the prevalence and incidence of HIV, prevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV), and prevalence of syphilis in youths. We also characterized a cohort of youths for future participation in phase I/II HIV vaccine trials.The study was conducted at a youth clinic in Maputo Central Hospital from August 2009 to October 2011. Youths of both genders aged 18-24 years (n = 1380) were screened for HIV using a sequential algorithm of two immunochromatographic assays, HBV using an enzyme linked immunosorbant test, and syphilis using a treponemal immunochromatographic strip test. The HIV seronegative participants (n = 1309) were followed-up for 12 months with quarterly study visits. The clinical and behavioral data were collected using structured questionnaires. The HIV seroconversions were confirmed by a molecular assay.The study population was female dominant (76.8%). All participants had a formal education, with 44.6% studying for technical or higher education degrees. The mean age at sexual debut was 16.6 years (SD: ± 1.74), with 85.6% reporting more than one sexual partner in life. The screening showed the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and syphilis at 5.1% (95% CI: 3.97-6.31), 12.2% (95% CI 10.5%-14.0%), and 0.36% (95% CI 0.15%-0.84%), respectively. The HIV incidence rate was found to be 1.14/100 person years (95% CI: 0.67-1.92). Retention rates were stable throughout the study being 85.1% at the last visit.Incidence of HIV in this cohort of youths in Maputo was relatively low. Also, the prevalence of HIV and syphilis was lower than the national values in this age group. However, the HBV prevalence was higher than in previous reports in the country.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Clinico-pathological discrepancies in the diagnosis of causes of maternal death in sub-Saharan Africa

    Jaume Ordi / Mamudo R Ismail / Carla Carrilho / Cleofé Romagosa / Nafissa Osman / Fernanda Machungo / Josep A Bombí / Juan Balasch / Pedro L Alonso / Clara Menéndez

    PLoS Medicine, Vol 6, Iss 2, p e

    retrospective analysis.

    2009  Volume 1000036

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality is a major public-health problem in developing countries. Extreme differences in maternal mortality rates between developed and developing countries indicate that most of these deaths are preventable. Most information on ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality is a major public-health problem in developing countries. Extreme differences in maternal mortality rates between developed and developing countries indicate that most of these deaths are preventable. Most information on the causes of maternal death in these areas is based on clinical records and verbal autopsies. Clinical diagnostic errors may play a significant role in this problem and might also have major implications for the evaluation of current estimations of causes of maternal death. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A retrospective analysis of clinico-pathologic correlation was carried out, using necropsy as the gold standard for diagnosis. All maternal autopsies (n = 139) during the period from October 2002 to December 2004 at the Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique were included and major diagnostic discrepancies were analyzed (i.e., those involving the cause of death). Major diagnostic errors were detected in 56 (40.3%) maternal deaths. A high rate of false negative diagnoses was observed for infectious diseases, which showed sensitivities under 50%: HIV/AIDS-related conditions (33.3%), pyogenic bronchopneumonia (35.3%), pyogenic meningitis (40.0%), and puerperal septicemia (50.0%). Eclampsia, was the main source of false positive diagnoses, showing a low predictive positive value (42.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Clinico-pathological discrepancies may have a significant impact on maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and question the validity of reports based on clinical data or verbal autopsies. Increasing clinical awareness of the impact of obstetric and nonobstetric infections with their inclusion in the differential diagnosis, together with a thorough evaluation of cases clinically thought to be eclampsia, could have a significant impact on the reduction of maternal mortality.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: An autopsy study of maternal mortality in Mozambique

    Clara Menéndez / Cleofé Romagosa / Mamudo R Ismail / Carla Carrilho / Francisco Saute / Nafissa Osman / Fernanda Machungo / Azucena Bardaji / Llorenç Quintó / Alfredo Mayor / Denise Naniche / Carlota Dobaño / Pedro L Alonso / Jaume Ordi

    PLoS Medicine, Vol 5, Iss 2, p e

    the contribution of infectious diseases.

    2008  Volume 44

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality is a major health problem concentrated in resource-poor regions. Accurate data on its causes using rigorous methods is lacking, but is essential to guide policy-makers and health professionals to reduce this intolerable ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality is a major health problem concentrated in resource-poor regions. Accurate data on its causes using rigorous methods is lacking, but is essential to guide policy-makers and health professionals to reduce this intolerable burden. The aim of this study was to accurately describe the causes of maternal death in order to contribute to its reduction, in one of the regions of the world with the highest maternal mortality ratios. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a prospective study between October 2002 and December 2004 on the causes of maternal death in a tertiary-level referral hospital in Maputo, Mozambique, using complete autopsies with histological examination. HIV detection was done by virologic and serologic tests, and malaria was diagnosed by histological and parasitological examination. During 26 mo there were 179 maternal deaths, of which 139 (77.6%) had a complete autopsy and formed the basis of this analysis. Of those with test results, 65 women (52.8%) were HIV-positive. Obstetric complications accounted for 38.2% of deaths; haemorrhage was the most frequent cause (16.6%). Nonobstetric conditions accounted for 56.1% of deaths; HIV/AIDS, pyogenic bronchopneumonia, severe malaria, and pyogenic meningitis were the most common causes (12.9%, 12.2%, 10.1% and 7.2% respectively). Mycobacterial infection was found in 12 (8.6%) maternal deaths. CONCLUSIONS: In this tertiary hospital in Mozambique, infectious diseases accounted for at least half of all maternal deaths, even though effective treatment is available for the four leading causes, HIV/AIDS, pyogenic bronchopneumonia, severe malaria, and pyogenic meningitis. These observations highlight the need to implement effective and available prevention tools, such as intermittent preventive treatment and insecticide-treated bed-nets for malaria, antiretroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS, or vaccines and effective antibiotics for pneumococcal and meningococcal diseases. Deaths due to obstetric causes represent a failure of health-care systems ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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