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Article ; Online: Associations between Insulin Index and dietary insulin load with cardiometabolic phenotype in the AZAR cohort population in north-western Iran: a cross-sectionalstudy.

Faramarzi, Elnaz / Somi, Mohammad Hossein / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina / Pourhashem, Nahid / Nourizadeh, Amir Mohammad

2023 Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) e068303

Abstract: Objectives: Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance are proposed as contributors to the incidence of cardiometabolic phenotypes (CMPs) with unhealthy metabolic status. This study analysed the association between dietary insulin load (DIL) and Dietary ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance are proposed as contributors to the incidence of cardiometabolic phenotypes (CMPs) with unhealthy metabolic status. This study analysed the association between dietary insulin load (DIL) and Dietary Insulin Index (DII) with CMPs in the AZAR cohort population. Design: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the AZAR Cohort Study, beginning in 2014 and continuing to this date. Setting: The AZAR cohort is a part of an Iranian screening programme named the Persian cohort and involves participants living in the Shabestar region, Iran for at least 9 months. Participants: A total of 15 006 participants agreed to partake in the study. We excluded participants with missing data (n=15), daily energy intake lower than 800 kcal (n=7) or higher than 8000 kcal (n=17), and cancer (n=85). Finally, 14 882 individuals remained. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The gathered information included the participants' demographic, dietary, anthropometric and physical activity data. Results: The frequency of DIL and DII significantly decreased from the first to fourth quartiles in metabolically unhealthy participants (p≤0.001). The mean values of DIL and DII were greater in metabolically healthy participants than in unhealthy ones (p<0.001). The results of the unadjusted model showed that the risks of unhealthy phenotypes in the fourth DIL quartile decreased by 0.21 (0.14-0.32) and 0.37 (0.33-0.43), respectively, compared with the first quartile. The same model showed the same risks for DII decreased by 0.18 (0.11-0.28) and 0.39 (0.34-0.45), respectively. The results in both genders were the same as all participants combined. Conclusions: DII and DIL were correlated with a decreased OR of unhealthy phenotypes. We suggest the reason may be either a lifestyle change in metabolically unhealthy participants or elevated insulin secretion not being as detrimental as previously thought. Further studies can confirm these speculations.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; Iran/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Phenotype ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Body Mass Index ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068303
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Article ; Online: AZAR eye and vision cohort study.

Somi, Mohammad Hossein / Nikniaz, Zeinab / Ostadrahimi, Alireza / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina / Nourizadeh, Amir Mohammad / Mirzaei, Mohammad / Alipour, Fateme / Jafari, Fatemeh / Faramarzi, Elnaz

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 7998

Abstract: According to World Health Organization (WHO), currently, 2.2 billion people are living with visual impairment worldwide, of which almost half could have been prevented. There are both modifiable and unmodifiable factors leading to visual disability and, ... ...

Abstract	According to World Health Organization (WHO), currently, 2.2 billion people are living with visual impairment worldwide, of which almost half could have been prevented. There are both modifiable and unmodifiable factors leading to visual disability and, ultimately, blindness. Several population-based studies in different parts of Iran have tried to determine these factors concerning their specific population and environment-related characteristics. AZAR Eye and Vision cohort is the second-largest cohort study in the whole country. AZAR Eye and Vision cohort is the ophthalmologic branch of AZAR cohort which is the largest eye cohort study in the country, which is trying to determine the prevalence and incidence of visual impairment, blindness, and other major ophthalmologic conditions and their associated risk factors in East Azerbaijan province located in Iran, a middle eastern country. A recently emerging phenomenon is the drying of the ultra-salty lake of Urmia located in the West Azerbaijan province which is a direct neighbor of our studied population and has caused recurrent salt storms in the immediate near areas. This phenomenon could adversely affect visual health via different conditions which our study will elucidate. The enrollment phase took place between 2014 and 2017 and 11,208 participants were enrolled out of 15,000 participants in the primary cohort. The resurvey phase will begin five years after the enrollment phase. In this phase, 30% of the participants are randomly selected to be reexamined and complete questionnaires. The participants showing any issues such as diabetes and being a glaucoma suspect will be included in the resurvey phase, too. Data categories gathered include demographics, lifestyle factors, past medical and drug histories, and a diet quality and quantity questionnaire including 130 edible items. Urine, hair, nail, and 25-ml blood samples, were collected from the participants. Then they were referred to an optometrist to complete an ophthalmologic questionnaire and undergo eye examination and lensometry. Then they underwent slit-lamp examinations and pictures were taken of the lens and fundus. People with suspected visual impairment were referred to an ophthalmology clinic. The data are processed and a four-level quality check is performed on each block. The most common visual impairment is cataracts. This study's most important aim is to evaluate the effect of local environmental and ethnic factors on eye diseases in this specific population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Visually Impaired Persons ; Cohort Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Blindness/etiology ; Vision, Low/epidemiology ; Vision, Low/etiology ; Eye Diseases/complications ; Ocular Hypertension/complications ; Prevalence ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology ; Vision Disorders/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-30212-y
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Article ; Online: A misdiagnosed case of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm experiencing multiple recurrences who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a case report.

Salemi, Fateme / Mortazavizadeh, Seyed Mohammad Reza / Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq / Azari Jafari, Amirhossein / Kosari, Farid / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina

Journal of medical case reports

2021 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 292

Abstract: Background: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm represents a rare type of hematologic malignancy that often manifests itself through various skin lesions. It commonly affects the elderly male population. Lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and bone ... ...

Abstract	Background: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm represents a rare type of hematologic malignancy that often manifests itself through various skin lesions. It commonly affects the elderly male population. Lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and bone marrow involvement are the typical findings that justify its aggressive nature and dismal prognosis. On histopathological assessment, malignant cells share some similarities with blastic cells from the myeloid lineage that make immunohistochemistry staining mandatory for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm diagnosis. Case presentation: A 35-year-old Asian man presented with cervical lymphadenopathy followed by an erythematous lesion on his left upper back. At first, the lesion was misdiagnosed as an infectious disease and made the patient receive two ineffective courses of azithromycin and clarithromycin. Six months later, besides persistent skin manifestations, he felt a cervical mass, which was misdiagnosed as follicular center cell lymphoma. Tumor recurrence following the chemoradiation questioned the diagnosis, and further pathologic assessments confirmed blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. The second recurrence occurred 3 months after chemotherapy. Eventually, he received a bone marrow transplant after complete remission. However, the patient expired 3 months after transplant owing to the third recurrence and gastrointestinal graft versus host disease complications. Conclusions: Early clinical suspicion and true pathologic diagnosis play a crucial role in patients' prognosis. Moreover, allogenic bone marrow transplant should be performed with more caution in aggressive forms of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm because of transplant side effects and high risk of cancer recurrence.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Dendritic Cells ; Diagnostic Errors ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Skin Neoplasms/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2269805-X
ISSN	1752-1947 ; 1752-1947
ISSN (online)	1752-1947
ISSN	1752-1947
DOI	10.1186/s13256-021-02860-z
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of depression in older people with hip fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Heidari, Mohammad Eghbal / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina / Dalvand, Pegah / Khadem, Mohaddeseh / Eskandari, Fereshte / Torabi, Fatemeh / Shahsavari, Hooman

International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing

2020 Volume 40, Page(s) 100813

Abstract: Introduction: Hip fracture disrupts general health and is one of the most common physical injuries in the elderly. Depression is the most common mood disorder in older people and one of the main complications of hip fractures.: Aim and methods: We ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Hip fracture disrupts general health and is one of the most common physical injuries in the elderly. Depression is the most common mood disorder in older people and one of the main complications of hip fractures. Aim and methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of depression in older people with hip fractures. Relevant literature published until July 2019 was obtained and screened according to established inclusion criteria. Two researchers independently carried out quality assessment and data extraction before the meta-analysis. We calculated proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI). To investigate the sources of heterogeneity, we performed subgroup analyses based on study design, follow-up duration, type of fracture, and gender. Results: Twenty-seven studies with a combined sample size of 11958 were included. The overall prevalence of depression in older people with hip fracture was 23% (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.29). The lowest and highest prevalence of depression was in Asia (0.19) and America (0.27) respectively. Conclusion: In this systematic review and meta-analysis the estimated prevalence of depression among older hip fracture patients was 23%. Further research is needed to identify strategies for preventing and treating mood disorders in this population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2537649-4
ISSN	1878-1292 ; 1878-1241
ISSN (online)	1878-1292
ISSN	1878-1241
DOI	10.1016/j.ijotn.2020.100813
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Article: Cardiovascular manifestations in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq / Azari Jafari, Amirhossein / Hashemi, Seyedeh Zohreh / Angouraj Taghavi, Elham / Azani, Alireza / Ghasrsaz, Haniyeh / Angouraj Taghavi, Azadeh / Niksima, Seyed Hassan / Rashidi, Seyedyasin / Kazemi, Erfan / Sheibani, Hossein / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina / Dalvand, Sahar

Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research

2021 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 181–189

Abstract: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global population, and one of the major causes of mortality in infected patients is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched Google ...

Abstract	Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global population, and one of the major causes of mortality in infected patients is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for all articles published by April 2, 2020. Observational studies (cohort and cross-sectional designs) were included in this meta-analysis if they reported at least one of the related cardiovascular symptoms or laboratory findings in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we did not use any language, age, diagnostic COVID-19 criteria, and hospitalization criteria restrictions. The following keywords alone or in combination with OR and AND operators were used for searching the literature: "Wuhan coronavirus", "COVID-19", "coronavirus disease 2019", "SARS-CoV-2", "2019 novel coronavirus" "cardiovascular disease", "CVD", "hypertension", "systolic pressure", "dyspnea", "hemoptysis", and "arrhythmia". Study characteristics, exposure history, laboratory findings, clinical manifestations, and comorbidities were extracted from the retrieved articles. Sixteen studies were selected which involved 4754 patients, including 2103 female and 2639 male patients. Among clinical cardiac manifestations, chest pain and arrhythmia were found to have the highest incidence proportion. In addition, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and D-dimer levels were the most common cardiovascular laboratory findings. Finally, hypertension, chronic heart failure, and coronary heart disease were the most frequently reported comorbidities. The findings suggest that COVID-19 can cause various cardiovascular symptoms and laboratory findings. It is also worth noting that cardiovascular comorbidities like hypertension have a notable prevalence among COVID-19 patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-24
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2654729-6
ISSN	2008-6830 ; 2008-5117
ISSN (online)	2008-6830
ISSN	2008-5117
DOI	10.34172/jcvtr.2021.30
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Article ; Online: Post-mortem Histopathologic Findings of Vital Organs in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.

Bidari Zerehpoosh, Farahnaz / Sabeti, Shahram / Bahrami-Motlagh, Hooman / Mokhtari, Majid / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina / Torabinavid, Parham / Esmaeili Tarki, Farzad / Amirdosara, Mahdi / Rezaei, Omidvar / Mostafazadeh, Babak / Hajiesmaeili, Mohammadreza / Rabiei, Mohammad Mahdi / Alavi Darazam, Ilad

Archives of Iranian medicine

2021 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 144–151

Abstract: Background: The scientific evidence concerning pathogenesis and immunopathology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving in the literature. To evaluate the different tissues obtained by biopsy and autopsy from five patients who ... ...

Abstract	Background: The scientific evidence concerning pathogenesis and immunopathology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving in the literature. To evaluate the different tissues obtained by biopsy and autopsy from five patients who expired from severe COVID-19 in our medical center. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed five patients with severe COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and imaging, to determine the potential correlations between histologic findings with patient outcome. Results: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and micro-thrombosis were the most common histologic finding in the lung tissues (4 of 5 cases), and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings (3 of 4 cases) suggested perivascular aggregation and diffuse infiltration of alveolar walls by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Two of five cases had mild predominantly perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, single cell myocardial necrosis and variable interstitial edema in myocardial samples. Hypertrophic cardiac myocytes, representing hypertensive cardiomyopathy was seen in one patient and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were detected on IHC in two cases. In renal samples, acute tubular necrosis was observed in 3 of 5 cases, while chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, crescent formation and small vessel fibrin thrombi were observed in 1 of 5 samples. Sinusoidal dilation, mild to moderate chronic portal inflammation and mild mixed macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis were detected in all liver samples. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that clinical pathology findings on autopsy tissue samples could shed more light on the pathogenesis, and consequently the management, of patients with severe COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/pathology ; Critical Illness ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/pathology ; Liver/pathology ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium/pathology ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2204979-4
ISSN	1735-3947 ; 1029-2977
ISSN (online)	1735-3947
ISSN	1029-2977
DOI	10.34172/aim.2021.23
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Article ; Online: Incidence and associated risk factors for premature death in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study cohort, Iran.

Eslami, Ali / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina / Ramezankhani, Azra / Fekri, Nazanin / Asadi, Keyvan / Azizi, Fereidoun / Hadaegh, Farzad

BMC public health

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 719

Abstract: Background: The incidence and associated risk factors for premature death were investigated in a population-based cohort study in Iran.: Methods: A total of 7245 participants (3216 men), aged 30-70 years, were included. We conducted Cox proportional ... ...

Abstract	Background: The incidence and associated risk factors for premature death were investigated in a population-based cohort study in Iran. Methods: A total of 7245 participants (3216 men), aged 30-70 years, were included. We conducted Cox proportional hazards models to identify the risk factors for premature death. For each risk factor, hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and population attributable fraction (PAF) were calculated. Results: After a median follow-up of 13.8 years, 262 premature deaths (153 in men) occurred. Underlying causes of premature deaths were cardiovascular disease (CVD) (n = 126), cancer (n = 51), road injuries (n = 15), sepsis and pneumonia (n = 9) and miscellaneous reasons (n = 61). The age-standardized incident rate of premature death was 2.35 per 1000 person years based on WHO standard population. Hypertension [HR 1.40, 95% CI (1.07-1.83)], diabetes (2.53, 1.94-3.29) and current smoking (1.58, 1.16-2.17) were significant risk factors for premature mortality; corresponding PAFs were 12.3, 22.4 and 9.2%, respectively. Overweight (body mass index (BMI): 25-29.9 kg/m Conclusions: Controlling three modifiable risk factors including diabetes, hypertension and smoking might potentially reduce mortality events by over 40%, and among these, prevention of diabetes should be prioritized to decrease burden of events. We didn't confirm a negative impact of overweight and obesity status on premature mortality events.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Cause of Death ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/mortality ; Incidence ; Iran/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality, Premature/trends ; Neoplasms/mortality ; Overweight/mortality ; Pneumonia/mortality ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis/mortality ; Smoking/mortality ; Wounds and Injuries/mortality
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-019-7056-y
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Article: Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Iran: a Hospital-Based Observational Study.

Darazam, Ilad Alavi / Besharati, Sajad / Shabani, Minoosh / Shokouhi, Shervin / Fallahzadeh, Mohammad / Shabanpour Dehbsneh, Hadiseh / Khalili, Negar / Soleymaninia, Azam / Hoseyni Kusha, Akram / Taleb Shoushtari, Maryam / Amirdosara, Mahdi / Hajiesmaeili, Mohammadreza / Rezaei, Omidvar / Khoshkar, Ali / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina / Kheyrian, Mahnaz / Goudarzi, Fatemeh

Tanaffos

2021 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 156–163

Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been pandemic and has caused a great burden on almost all countries across the world. Different perspectives of this novel disease are poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the clinical ... ...

Abstract	Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been pandemic and has caused a great burden on almost all countries across the world. Different perspectives of this novel disease are poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 to efficiently assist the health system of Iran to conquer the outbreak. Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study was performed on 394 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19. The patients should have a history of hospitalization at Loghman-Hakim hospital, Tehran, Iran, for 10 weeks, beginning from the first official report of the disease in Iran. In the subsequent step, the baseline demographic and clinical and paraclinical information of the patients was documented. Finally, the patients were assessed if they had exhibited any morbidity or mortality. Results: The epidemiological examination of the COVID-19 population suggested a bell diagram pattern for the hospitalization rate, in which the 4th week of the study was the peak. The highest rate of secondary adverse events due to the virus was observed at the 6th and 7th weeks of the study course. On another note, clinical evaluations resulted in identifying specific abnormalities, such as bilateral opacity in chest computed tomography scans or low oxygen saturation in laboratory data. Conclusion: This study provides evidence concerning the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in the first phase of the virus outbreak in Iran. Further studies comparing the disease features in the subsequent phases with findings of this study can pave the way for additional information in this regard.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-08
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2233372-1
ISSN	1735-0344
ISSN	1735-0344
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Article ; Online: Therapeutic Options and Critical Care Strategies in COVID-19 Patients; Where Do We Stand in This Battle?

Afaghi, Siamak / Esmaeili Tarki, Farzad / Rahimi, Fatemeh Sadat / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina / Besharat, Sara / Malekpour Alamdari, Nasser / Bagheri, Leyla

School of Medicine Students' Journal; Vol. 2 No.; 3-12 ; 2676-7597

2020 Volume 2, Issue : Spring

Abstract: A pandemic of COVID-19 made an appearance in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 and rapidly became a serious concern worldwide, with killing more than 238000 people until 3rd May 2020. Given the fact that a vaccine against the virus probably won’t be ... ...

Abstract	A pandemic of COVID-19 made an appearance in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 and rapidly became a serious concern worldwide, with killing more than 238000 people until 3rd May 2020. Given the fact that a vaccine against the virus probably won’t be available anytime in the near future, the therapeutic strategies have become more prominent. Many supposedly effective drugs are under evaluation which may hinder the replication of SARS-CoV-2, and subsequently the infection. Lately on 1th may 2020, FDA authorized the use of experimental drug, Remdesivir for "emergency purpose" in COVID-19 cases. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, among the very first under-trial drugs, have been revealed to have promising impacts in treatment of SARS-CoV2. Broad-spectrum antivirals as well as HIV protease-inhibitors are still subject to assessment. Particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitors are increasingly taken into consideration because of ACE2 being recognized as a host-cell receptor for COVID-19. Immune-Enhancement therapy by Interferons and Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been shown to be effective in some cases. Moreover, Convalescent Plasma Therapy and auxiliary blood purification were considered as the treatment of SARS-CoV2 infection. Among the critically ill patients, Oxygen-therapy, timely usage of inflammatory inhibitors, and controlling viral shedding by antivirals may reduce the mortality and morbidity of COVID-19.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Therapeutics ; Treatment ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-07
Publisher	School of Medicine Students' Journal
Publishing country	ir
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Therapeutic Options and Critical Care Strategies in COVID-19 Patients; Where Do We Stand in This Battle?

Afaghi, Siamak / Esmaeili Tarki, Farzad / Rahimi, Fatemeh Sadat / Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina / Besharat, Sara / Malekpour Alamdari, Nasser / Bagheri, Leyla

School of Medicine Students' Journal; Vol 2, No; 2676-7597

2020 Volume 2, Issue : Spring 2020

Abstract	A pandemic of COVID-19 made an appearance in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 and rapidly became a serious concern worldwide, with killing more than 238000 people until 3rd May 2020. Given the fact that a vaccine against the virus probably won’t be available anytime in the near future, the therapeutic strategies have become more prominent. Many supposedly effective drugs are under evaluation which may hinder the replication of SARS-CoV-2, and subsequently the infection. Lately on 1th may 2020, FDA authorized the use of experimental drug, Remdesivir for "emergency purpose" in COVID-19 cases. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, among the very first under-trial drugs, have been revealed to have promising impacts in treatment of SARS-CoV2. Broad-spectrum antivirals as well as HIV protease-inhibitors are still subject to assessment. Particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitors are increasingly taken into consideration because of ACE2 being recognized as a host-cell receptor for COVID-19. Immune-Enhancement therapy by Interferons and Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been shown to be effective in some cases. Moreover, Convalescent Plasma Therapy and auxiliary blood purification were considered as the treatment of SARS-CoV2 infection. Among the critically ill patients, Oxygen-therapy, timely usage of inflammatory inhibitors, and controlling viral shedding by antivirals may reduce the mortality and morbidity of COVID-19.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Therapeutics ; Treatment ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-07
Publisher	Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Publishing country	ir
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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