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Article ; Online: Ion Channels as a Potential Target in Pharmaceutical Designs

Sheng-Nan Wu

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 6484, p

2023 Volume 6484

Abstract: Voltage-gated ion channels are integral membrane proteins that respond to changes in membrane potential with rapid variations in membrane permeability to ions [.] ...

Abstract	Voltage-gated ion channels are integral membrane proteins that respond to changes in membrane potential with rapid variations in membrane permeability to ions [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Enhanced sonodynamic therapy by carbon dots-shelled microbubbles with focused ultrasound

Ching-Hsiang Fan / Nan Wu / Chih-Kuang Yeh

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol 94, Iss , Pp 106342- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Sonodynamic therapy involving the non-invasive and local generation of lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) via ultrasound (US) with sonosensitizers has been proposed as an emerging tumor therapy strategy. However, such therapy is usually associated with ...

Abstract	Sonodynamic therapy involving the non-invasive and local generation of lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) via ultrasound (US) with sonosensitizers has been proposed as an emerging tumor therapy strategy. However, such therapy is usually associated with inertial cavitation and unnecessary damage to healthy tissue because current sonosensitizers have insufficient sensitivity to US. Here, we report the use of a new proposed sonosensitizer, carbon dots (C-dots), to assemble microbubbles with a gas core (C-dots MBs). As the C-dots were directly integrated into the MB shell, they could effectively absorb the energy of inertial cavitation and transfer it to ROS. Our results revealed the appearance of 1O2, •OH, and H2O2 after US irradiation of C-dots MBs. In in vitro experiments, treatment with C-dots MBs plus US induced lipid peroxidation, elevation of intracellular ROS, and apoptosis in 32.5%, 45.3%, and 50.1% of cells respectively. In an animal solid tumor model, treatment with C-dots MBs plus US resulted in a 3-fold and 2.5-fold increase in the proportion of ROS-damaged cells and apoptotic cells, respectively, compared to C-dots MBs alone. These results will pave the way for the design of novel multifunctional sonosensitizers for SDT tumor therapy.
Keywords	Ultrasound ; Sonodynamic therapy ; Carbon dots ; Reactive oxygen species ; Microbubbles ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Acoustics. Sound ; QC221-246
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Consistency between Environmental Performance and Public Satisfaction and Their Planning Intervention Strategies

Nan Wu / Cunkuan Bao / Weichun Ma

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 4842, p

A Policy Text Analysis of Urban Environmental Planning

2023 Volume 4842

Abstract: The Chinese government has been working hard to improve environmental performance. However, considering that public feedback is not always complimentary, there is still room for improvement in its protection work. In China, environmental planning is the ... ...

Abstract	The Chinese government has been working hard to improve environmental performance. However, considering that public feedback is not always complimentary, there is still room for improvement in its protection work. In China, environmental planning is the dominant direction of the government’s environmental governance. Therefore, an analysis of environmental planning could explain the policy incentives that lead to inconsistent performance and satisfaction, and could enable us to explore how to improve planning to more effectively achieve environmental governance goals. This study classified 37 Chinese cities into four types based on consistency in performance and satisfaction. Taking environmental planning policy as the research object, the planning work arrangements of different cities to improve environmental performance and public satisfaction were analyzed through hand-coding. Our study found that environmental planning in these cities puts more emphasis on basic and engineering arrangements that can effectively improve environmental performance, while work arrangements that involve improving public environmental satisfaction are relatively few. Moreover, (1) cities with high environmental performance and high public satisfaction have made relatively substantial arrangements in improving environmental performance and satisfaction during environmental planning; (2) cities with high environmental performance and low public satisfaction have a certain foundation for environmental governance, but tough governance or high public expectations weaken environmental satisfaction; (3) cities with low environmental performance and high public environmental satisfaction have low environmental performance values due to the huge energy consumption of resources or a lack of pollution disposal capacity; and (4) most of the cities with low environmental performance and low public environmental satisfaction share common geographical and historical environmental problems that make it challenging to considerably enhance public ...
Keywords	policy text ; public policy ; environmental planning ; coding analysis ; public participation ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Investigating the Impact of Selective Modulators on the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System

Te-Ling Lu / Sheng-Nan Wu

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 14007, p

Unraveling Their Off-Target Perturbations of Transmembrane Ionic Currents

2023 Volume 14007

Abstract: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in maintaining various physiological processes in the body, including blood pressure regulation, electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health. However, any compounds or drugs ... ...

Abstract	The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in maintaining various physiological processes in the body, including blood pressure regulation, electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health. However, any compounds or drugs known to perturb the RAAS might have an additional impact on transmembrane ionic currents. In this retrospective review article, we aimed to present a selection of chemical compounds or medications that have long been recognized as interfering with the RAAS. It is noteworthy that these substances may also exhibit regulatory effects in different types of ionic currents. Apocynin, known to attenuate the angiotensin II-induced activation of epithelial Na + channels, was shown to stimulate peak and late components of voltage-gated Na + current ( I Na ). Esaxerenone, an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor, can exert an inhibitory effect on peak and late I Na directly. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, can directly enhance the open probability of large-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels. Sparsentan, a dual-acting antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor and endothelin type A receptors, was found to suppress the amplitude of peak and late I Na effectively. However, telmisartan, a blocker of the angiotensin II receptor, was effective in stimulating the peak and late I Na along with a slowing of the inactivation time course of the current. However, telmisartan’s presence can also suppress the erg -mediated K + current. Moreover, tolvaptan, recognized as an aquaretic agent that can block the vasopressin receptor, was noted to suppress the amplitude of the delayed-rectifier K + current and the M-type K + current directly. The above results indicate that these substances not only have an interference effect on the RAAS but also exert regulatory effects on different types of ionic currents. Therefore, to determine their mechanisms of action, it is necessary to gain a deeper understanding.
Keywords	renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system ; small molecules ; off-target effect ; Na + current ; ionic current ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prediction of Particulate Matter 2.5 Concentration Using a Deep Learning Model with Time-Frequency Domain Information

Xueming Tang / Nan Wu / Ying Pan

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 23, p

2023 Volume 12794

Abstract: In recent years, deep learning models have gained significant traction and found extensive applications in the realm of PM2.5 concentration prediction. PM2.5 concentration sequences are rich in frequency information; however, existing PM2.5 concentration ...

Abstract	In recent years, deep learning models have gained significant traction and found extensive applications in the realm of PM2.5 concentration prediction. PM2.5 concentration sequences are rich in frequency information; however, existing PM2.5 concentration prediction models lack the ability to capture the frequency information. Therefore, we propose the Time-frequency domain, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), and attention (TF-BiLSTM-attention) model. First, the model uses Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to convert the time domain information into its corresponding frequency domain representation. Second, it joins the time domain information with the frequency domain information, which enables the model to capture the frequency domain information on top of the original. Simultaneously, incorporating the attention mechanism after BiLSTM enhances the importance of critical time steps. Empirical results underscore the superior predictive performance of our proposed univariate model across all sites, outperforming both the univariate BiLSTM, univariate BiLSTM-attention, and univariate TF-BiLSTM. Meanwhile, for the multivariate model that adds PM2.5 concentration from other sites in the study area as input variables, our proposed model outperforms the prediction of some basic models such as BiLSTM and some hybrid models such as CNN-BiLSTM for all sites.
Keywords	air quality prediction ; deep learning ; BiLSTM ; DCT ; attention mechanism ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Editorial

Xingsen Guo / Fei Han / Yan Liu / Nan Wu / Cheng Zhang / Ningning Zhang

Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol

Methods and advances in marine geology and hydrodynamics environment

2024 Volume 11

Keywords	marine geology ; hydrodynamics ; marine disaster ; marine engineering ; marine environment ; Science ; Q ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comprehensive study of serine/arginine-rich (SR) gene family in rice

Rui Gao / Yingying Lu / Nan Wu / Hui Liu / Xiaoli Jin

PeerJ, Vol 11, p e

characterization, evolution and expression analysis

2023 Volume 16193

Abstract: As important regulators of alternative splicing (AS) events, serine/arginine (SR)-rich proteins play indispensable roles in the growth and development of organisms. Until now, the study of SR genes has been lacking in plants. In the current study, we ... ...

Abstract	As important regulators of alternative splicing (AS) events, serine/arginine (SR)-rich proteins play indispensable roles in the growth and development of organisms. Until now, the study of SR genes has been lacking in plants. In the current study, we performed genome-wide analysis on the SR gene family in rice. A total of 24 OsSR genes were phylogenetically classified into seven groups, corresponding to seven subfamilies. The OsSR genes’ structures, distribution of conserved domains, and protein tertiary structure of OsSR were conserved within each subfamily. The synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication events were critical for the expansion of OsSR gene family. Moreover, interspecific synteny revealed the distribution of orthologous SR gene pairs between rice and Arabidopsis, sorghum, wheat, and maize. Among all OsSR genes, 14 genes exhibited NAGNAG acceptors, and only four OsSR genes had AS events on the NAGNAG acceptors. Furthermore, the distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of OsSR genes showed that these genes may function in different developmental stages in rice. The AS patterns on the same OsSR gene were variable among the root, stem, leaf, and grains at different filling stages, and some isoforms could only be detected in one or a few of tested tissues. Meanwhile, our results showed that the expression of some OsSR genes changed dramatically under ABA, GA, salt, drought, cold or heat treatment, which were related to the wide distribution of corresponding cis-elements in their promoter regions, suggesting their specific roles in stress and hormone response. This research facilitates our understanding of SR gene family in rice and provides clues for further exploration of the function of OsSR genes.
Keywords	Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; OsSR genes ; Alternative splicing ; Expression profile ; Abiotic stress ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Vibration and Reliability Analysis of Non-Uniform Composite Beam under Random Load

Peng Wang / Nan Wu / Zhili Sun / Haitao Luo

Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 2700, p

2022 Volume 2700

Abstract: Non-uniform structures and composite materials have advantages in engineering applications, such as light weight design, multi-functionality, and better buckling/flutter load capacity. For composite structures under dynamic loading conditions, ... ...

Abstract	Non-uniform structures and composite materials have advantages in engineering applications, such as light weight design, multi-functionality, and better buckling/flutter load capacity. For composite structures under dynamic loading conditions, reliability is a key problem to be analyzed during practical operations. However, there is little research work on non-uniform composite structural reliability analysis under random load. The forced vibration response of non-uniform composite beam under random load is firstly solved by the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and iterative process for reliability analysis. Different variation laws of the cross-section rigidity and mass distribution along the length of the non-uniform composite beam structures are analyzed. Various angular frequency and amplitude of random base motion acceleration following Gaussian distribution are considered. Influences of different random excitations and structural design on vibration responses and reliability are studied. The larger mean and variance of excitation frequency leads to the smaller amplitude and strain of the beam, while greater mean and variance of the base motion excitation amplitude will induce the higher maximum amplitude and strain values and lower reliability. The influences of structural design on reliability are studied. The reliability increases with the increment of taper ratios of the host beam and composite layer. The iteration mathematical model and numerical solutions proposed in this paper can be used to solve and analyze vibration responses and reliability of general non-uniform composite beam structures under arbitrary excitation during a certain period of time.
Keywords	vibration ; reliability ; non-uniform beam ; composite beam ; random load ; adomian decomposition method ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Flood Detection Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System and Deep Learning

Kaixin Yang / Sujie Zhang / Xinran Yang / Nan Wu

Complexity, Vol

2022 Volume 2022

Abstract: Floods are one of the main natural disasters, which cause huge damage to property, infrastructure, and economic losses every year. There is a need to develop an approach that could instantly detect flooded extent. Satellite remote sensing has been useful ...

Abstract	Floods are one of the main natural disasters, which cause huge damage to property, infrastructure, and economic losses every year. There is a need to develop an approach that could instantly detect flooded extent. Satellite remote sensing has been useful in emergency responses; however, with significant weakness due to long revisit period and unavailability during rainy/cloudy weather conditions. In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems have been widely used, especially in the fields of disaster monitoring and complex environments. This study employs deep learning models to develop an automated detection of flooded buildings with UAV aerial images. The method was explored in a case study for the Kangshan levee of Poyang Lake. Experimental results show that the inundation for the focal buildings and vegetation can be detected from the images with 88% and 85% accuracy, respectively. And further, we can estimate the buildings’ inundation area according to the UAV images and flight parameters. The result of this study shows promising value of the accuracy and timely visualization of the spatial distribution of inundation at the object level for the end users from flood emergency response sector.
Keywords	Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi-Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: UAV Mapping of the Chlorophyll Content in a Tidal Flat Wetland Using a Combination of Spectral and Frequency Indices

Wei Zhuo / Nan Wu / Runhe Shi / Zuo Wang

Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 827, p

2022 Volume 827

Abstract: The chlorophyll content of leaves is an important indicator of plant environmental stress, photosynthetic capacity, and is widely used to diagnose the growth and health status of vegetation. Traditional chlorophyll content inversion is based on the ... ...

Abstract	The chlorophyll content of leaves is an important indicator of plant environmental stress, photosynthetic capacity, and is widely used to diagnose the growth and health status of vegetation. Traditional chlorophyll content inversion is based on the vegetation index under pure species, which rarely considers the impact of interspecific competition and species mixture on the inversion accuracy. To solve these limitations, the harmonic analysis (HA) and the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) were introduced to obtain the frequency index, which were combined with spectral index as the input parameters to estimate chlorophyll content based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image. The research results indicated that: (1) Based on a comparison of the model accuracy for three different types of indices in the same period, the estimation accuracy of the pure spectral index was the lowest, followed by that of the frequency index, whereas the mixed index estimation effect was the best. (2) The estimation accuracy in November was lower than that in other months; the pure spectral index coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) was only 0.5208, and the root–mean–square error ( RMSE ) was 4.2144. The estimation effect in September was the best. The model R 2 under the mixed index reached 0.8283, and the RMSE was 2.0907. (3) The canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) estimation under the frequency domain index was generally better than that of the pure spectral index, indicating that the frequency information was more sensitive to subtle differences in the spectrum of mixed vegetation. These research results show that the combination of spectral and frequency information can effectively improve the mapping accuracy of the chlorophyll content, and provid a theoretical basis and technology for monitoring the chlorophyll content of mixed vegetation in wetlands.
Keywords	UAV hyperspectral image ; wetlands ; chlorophyll content ; partial least squares regression (PLSR) ; P. australis and S. alterniflora ; harmonic analysis ; Science ; Q
Subject code	001
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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