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Book ; Online: Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: The Beginning of a New Era

Nardi, Cosimo

2023

Keywords	Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Artificial Intelligence ; Automatic ; Diagnostics ; Engineering ; Imaging ; Machine Learning ; Deep Learning ; Features ; Biomedics
Language	English
Size	1 electronic resource (370 pages)
Publisher	MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Publishing place	Basel
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English
HBZ-ID	HT030645790
ISBN	9783036594859 ; 303659485X
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Editorial for "Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Liver in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease: A Comparative Study Between Different Fitting Approaches and Diffusion Models".

Colagrande, Stefano / Nardi, Cosimo / Calistri, Linda

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI

2023 Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 907–908

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Liver Diseases ; Abdomen
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1146614-5
ISSN	1522-2586 ; 1053-1807
ISSN (online)	1522-2586
ISSN	1053-1807
DOI	10.1002/jmri.28822
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Article ; Online: The Impact of Rapid On-site Evaluation on Diagnostic Performance of Computed Tomography-Guided Core Needle Biopsy in Lung Cancer.

Magnini, Andrea / Lorini, Chiara / Calistri, Linda / Calcagni, Francesca / Giuntoli, Federico / Foxi, Prassede / Nardi, Cosimo / Colagrande, Stefano

Journal of computer assisted tomography

2024

Abstract: Purpose: Rapid on-site-evaluation (ROSE) is a technique aimed at improving the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT)-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) in lung cancer. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of ROSE ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Rapid on-site-evaluation (ROSE) is a technique aimed at improving the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT)-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) in lung cancer. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of ROSE on the rate of nondiagnostic specimens and on accuracy computed on diagnostic specimens. Materials and methods: During a 3-year period, 417 CT-guided CNBs were performed at our center. The biopsies were retrospectively classified into 2 groups: 141 procedures were assisted by ROSE and 276 were not. All of them were reviewed for clinical, procedural, and pathological data. Pathology results were classified as diagnostic (positive or negative for malignancy) or nondiagnostic. The results were compared with the final diagnosis after surgery or clinical follow-up. Nondiagnostic rate, sensitivity/specificity/negative predictive value/positive predictive value for the ROSE and non-ROSE groups were calculated. Finally, procedural complications and the adequacy of the specimens for the molecular analysis were recorded. Results: The study evaluated 417 CNBs (mean patients' age 71 years, 278 men). Nondiagnostic rates with and without ROSE were 4% (6/142) and 11% (29/276), respectively (P = 0.028). Sensitivity/specificity/negative predictive value/positive predictive value with and without ROSE did not show statistically significant differences, and no difference in major/minor complication rates was observed between the 2 groups. The adequacy of specimen for subsequent molecular analysis was 100% with (42/42) and 82% without ROSE (51/62). Conclusions: Rapid on-site-evaluation reduced the rate of nondiagnostic specimens by 50% with no change in complication rates or accuracy and increased by 20% the chances of a successful subsequent molecular analysis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80392-3
ISSN	1532-3145 ; 0363-8715
ISSN (online)	1532-3145
ISSN	0363-8715
DOI	10.1097/RCT.0000000000001606
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Article: Knowledge Graphs for COVID-19: An Exploratory Review of the Current Landscape.

Chatterjee, Avishek / Nardi, Cosimo / Oberije, Cary / Lambin, Philippe

Journal of personalized medicine

2021 Volume 11, Issue 4

Abstract: Background: Searching through the COVID-19 research literature to gain actionable clinical insight is a formidable task, even for experts. The usefulness of this corpus in terms of improving patient care is tied to the ability to see the big picture ... ...

Abstract	Background: Searching through the COVID-19 research literature to gain actionable clinical insight is a formidable task, even for experts. The usefulness of this corpus in terms of improving patient care is tied to the ability to see the big picture that emerges when the studies are seen in conjunction rather than in isolation. When the answer to a search query requires linking together multiple pieces of information across documents, simple keyword searches are insufficient. To answer such complex information needs, an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) technology named a knowledge graph (KG) could prove to be effective. Methods: We conducted an exploratory literature review of KG applications in the context of COVID-19. The search term used was "covid-19 knowledge graph". In addition to PubMed, the first five pages of search results for Google Scholar and Google were considered for inclusion. Google Scholar was used to include non-peer-reviewed or non-indexed articles such as pre-prints and conference proceedings. Google was used to identify companies or consortiums active in this domain that have not published any literature, peer-reviewed or otherwise. Results: Our search yielded 34 results on PubMed and 50 results each on Google and Google Scholar. We found KGs being used for facilitating literature search, drug repurposing, clinical trial mapping, and risk factor analysis. Conclusions: Our synopses of these works make a compelling case for the utility of this nascent field of research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662248-8
ISSN	2075-4426
ISSN	2075-4426
DOI	10.3390/jpm11040300
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Article ; Online: MRI of Peliosis Hepatis: A Case Series Presentation With a 2022 Systematic Literature Update.

Calistri, Linda / Nardi, Cosimo / Rastrelli, Vieri / Maraghelli, Davide / Grazioli, Luigi / Messerini, Luca / Colagrande, Stefano

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI

2023 Volume 58, Issue 5, Page(s) 1386–1405

Abstract: Background: Peliosis hepatis (PH) is a rare benign condition, characterized by hepatic sinusoidal dilatation and blood-filled cystic cavities, often found incidentally, with still challenging diagnosis by imaging due to polymorphic appearance.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Peliosis hepatis (PH) is a rare benign condition, characterized by hepatic sinusoidal dilatation and blood-filled cystic cavities, often found incidentally, with still challenging diagnosis by imaging due to polymorphic appearance. Purpose: Based on a retrospective analysis of our series (12 patients) and systematic literature review (1990-2022), to organize data about PH and identify features to improve characterization. Study type: Retrospective case series and systematic review. Population: Twelve patients (mean age 48 years, 55% female) with pathology-proven PH and 49 patients (mean age 52 years, 67% female) identified in 33 studies from the literature (1990-2022). Field strength/sequence: 1,5-T; T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), diffusion-weighted (DW), contrast-enhanced (CE) T1W imaging. Assessment: We compared our series and literature data in terms of demographic (gender/age/ethnicity), clinical characteristics (symptoms/physical examination/liver test), associated conditions (malignancies/infectious/hematologic/genetic or chronic disorders/drugs or toxic exposure) percentage. On magnetic resonance imaging lesion numbers/shape/mean maximum diameter/location/mass effect/signal intensity were compared. PH pathological type/proposed imaging diagnosis/patient follow-up were also considered. Statistical tests: Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports/Series quality assessment. Intraclass correlation and Cohen's kappa coefficients for levels of inter/intrareader agreement in our experience. Results: Patients were mainly asymptomatic (92% vs. 70% in our study and literature) with associated conditions (83% vs. 80%). Lesions showed homogeneous T1W-hypointensity (58% vs. 65%) and T2W-hyperintensity (58% vs. 66%). Heterogeneous nonspecific (25% vs. 51%), centrifugal (34% vs. 8%), or rim-like centripetal (25% vs. 23%) patterns of enhancement were most frequent, with hypointensity on the hepatobiliary phase (HBP), without restricted diffusivity. Good inter- and intrareader agreement was observed in our experience. Concerning JBI Checklist, 19 out of 31 case reports met at least 7 out of 8 criteria, whereas 2 case series fulfilled 5 and 6 out of 10 items respectively. Data conclusion: A homogeneous, not well-demarcated T1W-hypointense and T2W-hyperintense mass, with heterogeneous nonspecific or rim-like centripetal or centrifugal pattern of enhancement, and hypointensity on HBP, may be helpful for PH diagnosis. Among associated conditions, malignancies and drug exposures were the most frequent. Level of evidence: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Peliosis Hepatis/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Contrast Media
Chemical Substances	Contrast Media
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146614-5
ISSN	1522-2586 ; 1053-1807
ISSN (online)	1522-2586
ISSN	1053-1807
DOI	10.1002/jmri.28673
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Article ; Online: Liver Biliary Function Evaluation on a 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan by T1 Reduction Rate Assessment Using Variable-Flip-Angle Sequences.

Di Stasio, Marco / Cordopatri, Cesare / Nardi, Cosimo / Busoni, Simone / Noferini, Linhsia / Colagrande, Stefano / Calistri, Linda

Journal of computer assisted tomography

2024 Volume 48, Issue 3, Page(s) 354–360

Abstract: Objective: Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry is an absolute and reproducible quantitative method, compared with signal intensity for the evaluation of liver biliary function. This is obtainable by the T1 reduction rate (T1RR), as it carries a smaller ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry is an absolute and reproducible quantitative method, compared with signal intensity for the evaluation of liver biliary function. This is obtainable by the T1 reduction rate (T1RR), as it carries a smaller systematic error than the pre/post contrast agent T1 measurement. We aimed to develop and test an MR T1 relaxometry tool tailored for the evaluation of liver T1RR after gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid administration on 1.5T MR. Methods: In vitro/vivo (liver) T1RR values with two 3D FLASH variable-flip-angle sequences were calculated by a MATLAB algorithm. In vitro measurements were done by 2 physicists, in consensus. The prospective in vivo study was approved by the local ethical committee and performed on 13 normal/26 cirrhotic livers. A supplemental test in 5 normal/5 cirrhotic livers, out of the studied series, was done to compare the results of our method (without B1 inhomogeneity correction) and those of a standardized commercial tool (with B1 inhomogeneity correction). All in vivo evaluations were performed by 2 radiologists with 7 years of experience in abdominal imaging. Open-source Java-based software ImageJ was used to draw the free-hand regions of interest on liver section and for the measurement of hepatic T1RR values. The T1RR values of each group of patients were compared to assess statistically significant differences. All statistical analyses were performed with IBM-SPSS Statistics. In vivo evaluations, the intrareader and interreader reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Our method showed good accuracy in evaluating in vitro T1RR with a maximum percentage error of 9% (constant at various time points) with T1 values in the 200- to 1400-millisecond range. In vivo, a high concordance between the T1RR evaluated with the proposed method and that calculated from the standardized commercial software was verified ( P < 0.05). The median T1RRs were 74.8, 67.9, and 52.1 for the normal liver, Child-Pugh A, and Child-Pugh B cirrhotic groups, respectively. A very good agreement was found, both within intrareader and interreader reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.88 to 0.95 and from 0.85 to 0.90, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed method allowed accurate reliable in vitro/vivo T1RR assessment evaluation of the liver biliary function after gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid administration.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Liver/diagnostic imaging ; Contrast Media ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Adult ; Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Algorithms ; Liver Cirrhosis/diagnostic imaging ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80392-3
ISSN	1532-3145 ; 0363-8715
ISSN (online)	1532-3145
ISSN	0363-8715
DOI	10.1097/RCT.0000000000001582
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Article: Communicating radiation dose in medical imaging: How to best inform our patients?

Salerno, Sergio / Nardi, Cosimo / Pace, Mario / Rabiolo, Lidia / Flammia, Federica / Loverre, Francesco / Matranga, Domenica / Granata, Claudio / Tomà, Paolo / Colagrande, Stefano

Acta radiologica open

2023 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 20584601231168967

Abstract: Background: The newly adopted European directive DE59/2013 mandates adequate patient information in procedures involving ionising radiation. Patient interest in knowing about their radiation dose and an effective communication method for dose exposure ... ...

Abstract	Background: The newly adopted European directive DE59/2013 mandates adequate patient information in procedures involving ionising radiation. Patient interest in knowing about their radiation dose and an effective communication method for dose exposure remain poorly investigated. Purpose: This study is aimed at investigating both patient interest in radiation dose and an effective method to communicate radiation dose exposure. Material and methods: The present analysis is based on a multi-centre cross-sectional data collection involving 1,084 patients from four different hospitals ‒ two general and two paediatric hospitals. Anonymous questionnaires were administered, consisting of an initial overview of radiation use in imaging procedures, a patient data section, and an explanatory section providing information in four modalities. Results: 1009 patients were included in the analysis, with 75 refusing participation; 173 participants were relatives of paediatric patients. Initial information provided to patients was considered comprehensible. The information modality with symbols was considered the most readily understandable format by patients, with no appreciable differences in comprehension attributable to social or cultural background. The modality including dose numbers and diagnostic reference levels was preferred by patients with higher socio-economic background. The option 'None of those' was selected by one-third of our sample population, composed of four different clusters: female, over 60 years old, unemployed, and from low socio-economic backgrounds. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a high level of interest amongst patients in knowing about radiation dose exposure. Pictorial representations were well understood by patients from a variety of different ages and education levels. However, a universally comprehensible model of communicating radiation dose information remains to be elucidated.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2818429-4
ISSN	2058-4601
ISSN	2058-4601
DOI	10.1177/20584601231168967
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Article ; Online: The impact of sustentaculum tali fracture on clinical outcome in patients affected by isolated calcaneal fractures.

Sani, Giacomo / Giabbani, Niccolò / Zanna, Luigi / Buzzi, Roberto / Pio, Angelica Sofia / Rastrelli, Vieri / Nardi, Cosimo

European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie

2023 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 1017–1024

Abstract: Introduction: The sustentaculum tali is displaced in almost half of calcaneal fractures and during surgical fixation represents one of the main reference points upon which the other bone has to be reduced. The purpose of this study was to investigate ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The sustentaculum tali is displaced in almost half of calcaneal fractures and during surgical fixation represents one of the main reference points upon which the other bone has to be reduced. The purpose of this study was to investigate which subtalar joint fracture pattern is more frequently associated with sustentaculum tali involvement. Furthermore, correlation between postoperative clinical outcome and sustentaculum tali integrity was performed. Material and methods: Patients with isolated calcaneal fractures were analyzed. Sanders-type fracture and involvement of both sustentaculum tali and calcaneocuboid joint were detected on computed tomography imaging; postoperative AOFAS scores were analyzed according to sustentacular involvement. Results: Fifty calcaneus fractures in 47 patients were included in the final analysis. The sustentaculum tali was fractured in 18 cases (36.0%), thus contradicting its supposed constant position. Sanders type 3 and 4 fractures were more frequently associated with fractured sustentaculum than type 2 (p = 0.012). Sanders type 4 fractures were associated with displaced sustentacular fragment significantly more than type 2 and 3 (p = 0.043). Patients with intact sustentaculum tali reported significantly higher (p < 0.001) mean AOFAS scores than the uninjured group (84.4 ± 9.1 and 74.3 ± 9.5, respectively). Conclusion: Sanders type 3 and 4 fractures were more frequently associated with sustentaculum tali and/or calcaneocuboid joint involvement than simpler fractures. Injury of sustentaculum tali was related to significant worse postoperative clinical outcomes, underlying the relevance of this fragment on clinical course.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Calcaneus/diagnostic imaging ; Calcaneus/surgery ; Calcaneus/injuries ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/adverse effects ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods ; Bone Screws ; Fractures, Bone/complications ; Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging ; Fractures, Bone/surgery ; Foot ; Ankle Injuries ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-19
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1231084-0
ISSN	1432-1068 ; 1633-8065 ; 0948-4817 ; 0940-3264
ISSN (online)	1432-1068
ISSN	1633-8065 ; 0948-4817 ; 0940-3264
DOI	10.1007/s00590-023-03760-2
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Article ; Online: Magnetic resonance imaging in naso-oropharyngeal carcinoma: role of texture analysis in the assessment of response to radiochemotherapy, a preliminary study.

Bicci, Eleonora / Nardi, Cosimo / Calamandrei, Leonardo / Barcali, Eleonora / Pietragalla, Michele / Calistri, Linda / Desideri, Isacco / Mungai, Francesco / Bonasera, Luigi / Miele, Vittorio

La Radiologia medica

2023 Volume 128, Issue 7, Page(s) 839–852

Abstract: Objective: Identifying MRI texture parameters able to distinguish inflammation, fibrosis, and residual cancer in patients with naso-oropharynx carcinoma after radiochemotherapy (RT-CHT).: Material and methods: In this single-centre, observational, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Identifying MRI texture parameters able to distinguish inflammation, fibrosis, and residual cancer in patients with naso-oropharynx carcinoma after radiochemotherapy (RT-CHT). Material and methods: In this single-centre, observational, retrospective study, texture analysis was performed on ADC maps and post-gadolinium T1 images of patients with histological diagnosis of naso-oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with RT-CHT. An initial cohort of 99 patients was selected; 57 of them were later excluded. The final cohort of 42 patients was divided into 3 groups (inflammation, fibrosis, and residual cancer) according to MRI, 18F-FDG-PET/CT performed 3-4 months after RT-CHT, and biopsy. Pre-RT-CHT lesions and the corresponding anatomic area post-RT-CHT were segmented with 3D slicer software from which 107 textural features were derived. T-Student and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed, and features with p-value < 0.01 were considered statistically significant. Cut-off values-obtained by ROC curves-to discriminate post-RT-CHT non-tumoural changes from residual cancer were calculated for the parameters statistically associated to the diseased status at follow-up. Results: Two features-Energy and Grey Level Non-Uniformity-were statistically significant on T1 images in the comparison between 'positive' (residual cancer) and 'negative' patients (inflammation and fibrosis). Energy was also found to be statistically significant in both patients with fibrosis and residual cancer. Grey Level Non-Uniformity was significant in the differentiation between residual cancer and inflammation. Five features were statistically significant on ADC maps in the differentiation between 'positive' and 'negative' patients. The reduction in values of such features between pre- and post-RT-CHT was correlated with a good response to therapy. Conclusions: Texture analysis on post-gadolinium T1 images and ADC maps can differentiate residual cancer from fibrosis and inflammation in early follow-up of naso-oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with RT-CHT.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Gadolinium ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ; Fibrosis ; Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma/therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy
Chemical Substances	Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-19
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205751-7
ISSN	1826-6983 ; 0033-8362
ISSN (online)	1826-6983
ISSN	0033-8362
DOI	10.1007/s11547-023-01653-2
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Article ; Online: Magnetic resonance features of sinonasal melanotic mucosal melanoma.

Nardi, Cosimo / Vignoli, Chiara / Vannucchi, Margherita / Pietragalla, Michele

BMJ case reports

2019 Volume 12, Issue 7

Abstract: A 67-year-old man presented to ear, nose and throat department complaining of nasal congestion and recurrent epistaxis for 5 months. Nasal endoscopy revealed a pigmented polyp obstructing the right nasal cavity. MRI with contrast agent showed a right ... ...

Abstract	A 67-year-old man presented to ear, nose and throat department complaining of nasal congestion and recurrent epistaxis for 5 months. Nasal endoscopy revealed a pigmented polyp obstructing the right nasal cavity. MRI with contrast agent showed a right nasal cavity polypoid mass with hyper signal intensity (SI) both in non-enhanced T1-w and diffusion imaging, marked hypo SI in T2-w sequences and avidly contrast enhancement characterised by rapid wash-in without significant wash-out on dynamic perfusion imaging. Histological specimen showed epithelioid and spindle cells with focal intense pigmentations and immunohistochemical features compatible with primary melanotic sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNM). As melanotic SNM shows MRI pathognomonic high non-enhanced T1-w SI, this case underlines the crucial role of MRI not only in assessing the local tumour extension/recurrence but also in increasing the diagnostic confidence of detecting melanotic SNM. Thus, MRI should be always performed in case of clinical-endoscopic suspicion of SNM.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Melanoma/diagnostic imaging ; Melanoma/pathology ; Melanoma/secondary ; Melanoma/therapy ; Nasal Mucosa/diagnostic imaging ; Nasal Mucosa/pathology ; Nasal Mucosa/surgery ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nose Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Nose Neoplasms/pathology ; Nose Neoplasms/therapy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/secondary ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2019-229790
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