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  1. Article ; Online: Vegetative Growth Dynamic and Its Impact on the Flowering Intensity of the Following Season Depend on Water Availability and Bearing Status of the Olive Tree

    Sofiene B. M. Hammami / Manel Ben Laya / Narjes Baazaoui / Besma Sghaier-Hammami

    Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 15614, p

    2022  Volume 15614

    Abstract: A sufficient and mature vegetative growth is an essential condition for production in the following season and consequently affects the alternate bearing (AB) behavior. However, little is known about its interaction with the crop load and water supply. ... ...

    Abstract A sufficient and mature vegetative growth is an essential condition for production in the following season and consequently affects the alternate bearing (AB) behavior. However, little is known about its interaction with the crop load and water supply. Herein, we studied the effect of different water regimes and bearing status on the vegetative intensity and flush and its consequence on the flowering parameters of the following season. Rainfed (RF) and fully irrigated (FI) treatments were applied for bearing (ON) and non-bearing (OFF) trees of the ‘Zalmati’ olive orchard in south Tunisia during 2018. The water deficit condition (RF) and the high crop load (ON) have caused a similar decrease in the total node number and shoots length by about 65%. Furthermore, the flowering parameters in 2019, especially the percentage of floral buds (i.e., floral induction intensity), were differentially affected by water supply according to the bearing status of the previous season. FI reduced the percentage of floral buds in 2019 by about 37% for OFF trees, while it increased it by more than four times for the ON trees. Concerning the growth flush, the second (i.e., autumnal) flush seems to respond better to water supply than the first (i.e., spring) one, for both vegetative and flowering parameters. The second flush of growth provided 28% of the total vegetative growth but contributed about 35% to the total number of floral buds for RF OFF trees. Besides, FI makes the first and the second flushes contribute equally to total vegetative growth and to the flowering parameters of the following season. On the other hand, the bearing status of the trees does not affect the contribution of each flush to the total vegetative growth.
    Keywords Olea europaea ; water deficit ; alternate bearing ; year ON and OFF ; flower bud induction ; spring and autumnal growth flushes ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Functional Characterization of Lobularia maritima LmTrxh2 Gene Involved in Cold Tolerance in Tobacco through Alleviation of ROS Damage to the Plasma Membrane

    Rania Ben Saad / Walid Ben Romdhane / Narjes Baazaoui / Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa / Yosra Chouaibi / Wissem Mnif / Anis Ben Hsouna / Miroslava Kačániová

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 3030, p

    2023  Volume 3030

    Abstract: Cold stress is a key environmental factor affecting plant growth and development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small proteins that are ubiquitously expressed in all organisms and implicated in several cellular ... ...

    Abstract Cold stress is a key environmental factor affecting plant growth and development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small proteins that are ubiquitously expressed in all organisms and implicated in several cellular processes, including redox reactions. However, their role in the regulation of cold stress in the halophyte plant Lobularia maritima remains unknown. We recently showed that overexpression of LmTrxh2 , which is the gene that encodes the h-type Trx protein previously isolated from L. maritima , led to an enhanced tolerance to salt and osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco. This study functionally characterized the LmTrxh2 gene via its overexpression in tobacco and explored its cold tolerance mechanisms. Results of the RT-qPCR and western blot analyses indicated differential temporal and spatial regulation of LmTrxh2 in L. maritima under cold stress at 4 °C. LmTrxh2 overexpression enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic tobacco, as evidenced by increased germination rate, fresh weight and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities; reduced malondialdehyde levels, membrane leakage, superoxide anion (O 2 − ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels; and higher retention of chlorophyll than in non-transgenic plants (NT). Furthermore, the transcript levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes ( NtSOD and NtCAT1 ), stress-responsive late embryogenis abundant protein 5 ( NtLEA5 ), early response to dehydration 10C ( NtERD10C ), DRE-binding proteins 1A ( NtDREB1A ), and cold-responsive ( COR ) genes ( NtCOR15A , NtCOR47 , and NtKIN1 ) were upregulated in transgenic lines compared with those in NT plants under cold stress, indicating that LmTrxh2 conferred cold stress tolerance by enhancing the ROS scavenging ability of plants, thus enabling them to maintain membrane integrity. These results suggest that LmTrxh2 promotes cold tolerance in tobacco and provide new insight into the improvement of cold-stress resistance to cold stress ...
    Keywords LmTrxh2 ; cold stress ; membrane integrity ; Lobularia maritima ; reactive oxygen species ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Differential effect of water salinity levels on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant compounds in ex vitro date palm plants

    Besma SGHAIER-HAMMAMI / Sofiene B.M. HAMMAMI / Narjes BAAZAOUI / Sami CHAARI / Riadh DRIRA / Noureddine DRIRA / Malek SMIDA / Hatem BEN JOUIRA / Rahma GOUSSI / Fathia ZRIBI / Hava F. RAPOPORT / Ali SHATTI / Taoufik BETTAIEB / Jesús V. JORRIN NOVO

    Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Vol 51, Iss

    2023  Volume 2

    Abstract: In this study, the response to salt stress was evaluated in ex vitro acclimated date palm plants, regenerated from in vitro culture multiplication. The plants, eighteen-month-old, were irrigated with 0 (control), 150, 300 or 450 mM NaCl solutions (high ... ...

    Abstract In this study, the response to salt stress was evaluated in ex vitro acclimated date palm plants, regenerated from in vitro culture multiplication. The plants, eighteen-month-old, were irrigated with 0 (control), 150, 300 or 450 mM NaCl solutions (high to very high-water salinity). Photosynthesis parameters and antioxidant compounds were determined at the end of the experiment in leaves. At 150 mM NaCl, net CO2 assimilation rate and internal CO2 concentration were not impaired; while transpiration and stomatal conductance decreased by 60 and 70%, respectively. By increasing salt concentrations, all gas exchanges parameters were decreased. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state showed that PSII and PSI machineries were significantly enhanced under 150 mM NaCl, conditions. With the 300 mM NaCl, the PSI parameters remained unchanged compared to control, while some of the PSII parameters, such as NPQ and Y (NPQ), were increased. At 450 mM NaCl, photosystems functionality was light intensity (PAR) dependent. Only at low PAR, a significant increase of some PSI and PSII parameters was observed. At the contrary, with high PAR, most of the energy conversion functions were significantly reduced, especially those related to PSI, indicating that PSI was more susceptible for damage by salinity than PSII. To overcome high salinity stress, ex vitro date palm plants mobilized a cascade of physio-biochemical pathways including the antioxidant activity and proline biosynthesis. Overall, the salinity of irrigation water, and up to 150 mM, improves the physiological performance of ex vitro date palm plants, which manage to tolerate very high levels of this stress.
    Keywords ex vitro plants ; high salinity ; Phoenix dactylifera ; photosynthesis ; salt stress adaptation ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher AcademicPres
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Dissecting the Seed Maturation and Germination Processes in the Non-Orthodox Quercus ilex Species Based on Protein Signatures as Revealed by 2-DE Coupled to MALDI-TOF/TOF Proteomics Strategy

    Besma Sghaier-Hammami / Sofiene B.M. Hammami / Narjes Baazaoui / Consuelo Gómez-Díaz / Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 4870, p

    2020  Volume 4870

    Abstract: Unlike orthodox species, seed recalcitrance is poorly understood, especially at the molecular level. In this regard, seed maturation and germination were studied in the non-orthodox Quercus ilex by using a proteomics strategy based on two-dimensional gel ...

    Abstract Unlike orthodox species, seed recalcitrance is poorly understood, especially at the molecular level. In this regard, seed maturation and germination were studied in the non-orthodox Quercus ilex by using a proteomics strategy based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight (2-DE-MALDI-TOF).Cotyledons and embryo/radicle were sampled at different developmental stages, including early (M1–M3), middle (M4–M7), and late (M8–M9) seed maturation, and early (G1–G3) and late (G4–G5) germination. Samples corresponding to non-germinating, inviable, seeds were also included. Protein extracts were subjected to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and changes in the protein profiles were analyzed. Identified variable proteins were grouped according to their function, being the energy, carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms, together with protein fate, redox homeostasis, and response to stress are the most represented groups. Beyond the visual aspect, morphometry, weight, and water content, each stage had a specific protein signature. Clear tendencies for the different protein groups throughout the maturation and germination stages were observed for, respectively, cotyledon and the embryo axis. Proteins related to metabolism, translation, legumins, proteases, proteasome, and those stress related were less abundant in non-germinating seeds, it related to the loss of viability. Cotyledons were enriched with reserve proteins and protein-degrading enzymes, while the embryo axis was enriched with proteins of cell defense and rescue, including heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidants. The peaks of enzyme proteins occurred at the middle stages (M6–M7) in cotyledons and at late ones (M8–M9) in the embryo axis. Unlike orthodox seeds, proteins associated with glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolism are present at high levels in the mature seed and were maintained throughout the germination stages. The lack of desiccation tolerance in Q. ilex seeds may be associated with the repression of some genes, late embryogenesis abundant proteins being one of the candidates.
    Keywords Quercus ilex ; acorns ; non-orthodox seeds ; seed maturation ; seed germination ; proteomics ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Comparative study of the effect of salt stress, Alternaria alternata attack or combined stress on the Cakile maritima growth and physiological performance

    Arbia CHALBI / Besma SGHAIER-HAMMAMI / Narjes BAAZAOUI / Sofiene B.M. HAMMAMI / Hatem BEN-JOUIRA / Pedro GARCÍA-CAPARRÓS / Naceur DJÉBALI / Imed REGAYA / Ahmed DEBEZ / Jesús V. JORRÍN-NOVO / Chedly ABDELLY

    Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Vol 49, Iss

    2021  Volume 3

    Abstract: Cakile maritima is a halophytic plant model that is well known by its ability to tolerate high salt concentrations. Salinity was reported to improve the tolerance of halophytes to several abiotic stresses; however, the involvement of salt in the ... ...

    Abstract Cakile maritima is a halophytic plant model that is well known by its ability to tolerate high salt concentrations. Salinity was reported to improve the tolerance of halophytes to several abiotic stresses; however, the involvement of salt in the tolerance to biotic stress is still scant. In the present work, the effect of salt on C. maritima responses towards the pathogenic Alternaria alternata was investigated. For that, C. maritima seeds were germinated for four weeks. Plants were then divided into four groups: i) Plants irrigated with salt (200mM NaCl); ii) Plants infested by fungus; iii) Plants irrigated with salt and infested by fungus and finally control plants (0mM NaCl, without inoculation). Our results showed that upon salt stress or fungal attack, plants reduced biomass production, hydration status and photosynthetic performance which were associated with a decrease in the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, with a more pronounced effect upon fungal attack. However, under combined stress, a significant increase of these parameters was noticed, with a level close to that of control. Concerning nutrient contents, K, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mg decreased in the C. maritima leaves exposed to both stresses applied individually. In contrast, all these nutrients were increased in plants grown under combined stress. Taken together, we can conclude that plants grown under combined stresses had better growth rate and physiological performance compared to all other treated plants, and that salt may be the key in improving the C. maritima ability to tolerate fungal attack.
    Keywords Alternaria alternata ; Cakile maritima ; combined stress ; fungal attack alleviation ; salt stress ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Subject code 580 ; 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher AcademicPres
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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