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Article ; Online: Green roofs and pollinators, useful green spots for some wild bee species (Hymenoptera

Jeffrey Jacobs / Natalie Beenaerts / Tom Artois

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Anthophila), but not so much for hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae)

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Urbanisation has become one of the major anthropogenic drivers behind insect decline in abundance, biomass and species richness over the past decades. As a result, bees and other pollinators' natural habitats are reduced and degraded. Green ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Urbanisation has become one of the major anthropogenic drivers behind insect decline in abundance, biomass and species richness over the past decades. As a result, bees and other pollinators' natural habitats are reduced and degraded. Green roofs are frequently recommended as ways to counter the negative impacts of urbanisation on nature and enhance the amount of green space in cities. In this study we evaluated the pollinator (more specifically wild bees and hoverflies) diversity, abundance and species richness on twenty green roofs in Antwerp, Belgium. We analysed the influence of roof characteristics (age, surface area, height, percent cover of green space surrounding each site) on species richness or abundance of pollinators. In total we found 40 different wild bee species on the green roofs. None of the physical roof characteristics appear to explain differences in wild bees species richness and abundance. Neither could we attribute the difference in roof vegetation cover, i.e. roofs build-up with only Sedum species and roofs with a combined cover of Sedum, herbs and grasses, to differences in diversity, abundance, or species richness. We found a positive trend, although not significant, in community weighted mean body size for wild bees with an increase in green roof surface area. Roof wild bee communities were identified as social polylectic individuals, with a preference for ground nesting. Only eleven individuals from eight different hoverfly species were found. Our results show that green roofs can be a suitable habitat for wild bee species living in urban areas regardless of the roofs’ characteristics, but hoverflies have more difficulties conquering these urban green spaces.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590 ; 580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impacts of zoning and landscape structure on the relative abundance of wild boar assessed through a Bayesian N-mixture model.

Martijn, Bollen / Thomas, Neyens / Natalie, Beenaerts / Jim, Casaer

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 911, Page(s) 168546

Abstract: Increasing human-wild boar interactions have led to damage to agricultural crops, traffic collisions and disease transmissions. Dividing natural areas in zones with differential hunting pressure is one of the currently adopted management strategies. ... ...

Abstract	Increasing human-wild boar interactions have led to damage to agricultural crops, traffic collisions and disease transmissions. Dividing natural areas in zones with differential hunting pressure is one of the currently adopted management strategies. However, the effectiveness of this approach is under debate. Hence, there is a need to better understand how to mitigate negative human-wild boar interactions effectively. Camera traps are cost-efficient, and non-invasive tools to monitor animal populations. N-mixture models can reliably estimate spatial variation in relative abundances when animals are imperfectly detected and/or cannot be individually identified. Thus, they are useful tools to infer the impacts of several factors on the land-use intensity of wild boar, based on camera trap data. In a nature area in central Belgium, we compare "summer" (April-September) land-use intensity of wild boar from 2018 until 2021 between three zones: a hunting free core zone, a winter hunting zone where hunting only takes place between November and March, and a year-round hunting zone. The latter is also close to the forest edge, agricultural crops and settlements. We compare spatial abundance models that capture these zone effects, or attractive effects of croplands, repulsive effects of hunting and repulsive effects of non-lethal human disturbances. We reveal between zone differences in wild boar land-use intensities across all summers. Additionally, we find that non-lethal human disturbance and croplands also explain variation in wild boar land-use intensity, but do not find negative associations with hunting locations. Our results suggest that the effects of zoning on wild boar land-use patterns are relevant in medium-sized natural areas. Moreover, we identify the need to install additional cameras outside of the managed area in order to assess the impacts of hunting in combination with non-lethal human activities on wild boar to mitigate negative human-wild boar interactions in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Swine ; Animals ; Humans ; Sus scrofa ; Bayes Theorem ; Animals, Wild ; Forests ; Belgium
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168546
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Article ; Online: Simulation-based assessment of the performance of hierarchical abundance estimators for camera trap surveys of unmarked species.

Martijn, Bollen / Jim, Casaer / Natalie, Beenaerts / Thomas, Neyens

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 16169

Abstract: Knowledge on animal abundances is essential in ecology, but is complicated by low detectability of many species. This has led to a widespread use of hierarchical models (HMs) for species abundance, which are also commonly applied in the context of nature ...

Abstract	Knowledge on animal abundances is essential in ecology, but is complicated by low detectability of many species. This has led to a widespread use of hierarchical models (HMs) for species abundance, which are also commonly applied in the context of nature areas studied by camera traps (CTs). However, the best choice among these models is unclear, particularly based on how they perform in the face of complicating features of realistic populations, including: movements relative to sites, multiple detections of unmarked individuals within a single survey, and low detectability. We conducted a simulation-based comparison of three HMs (Royle-Nichols, binomial N-mixture and Poisson N-mixture model) by generating groups of unmarked individuals moving according to a bivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, monitored by CTs. Under a range of simulated scenarios, none of the HMs consistently yielded accurate abundances. Yet, the Poisson N-mixture model performed well when animals did move across sites, despite accidental double counting of individuals. Absolute abundances were better captured by Royle-Nichols and Poisson N-mixture models, while a binomial N-mixture model better estimated the actual number of individuals that used a site. The best performance of all HMs was observed when estimating relative trends in abundance, which were captured with similar accuracy across these models.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Statistical ; CD40 Ligand ; Ecology ; Knowledge
Chemical Substances	CD40 Ligand (147205-72-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-43184-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Winter agri-environment schemes and local landscape composition influence the distribution of wintering farmland birds

Thomas Neyens / Oana Petrof / Christel Faes / Wim Vandenrijt / Paula Ulenaers / Tom Artois / Natalie Beenaerts / Ruben Evens

Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol 45, Iss , Pp e02533- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Since 1992, the European Union puts in place agri-environment schemes (AES), such as unharvested set-aside fields with winter bird crops (WBC), to counteract farmland biodiversity declines that are associated with agricultural intensification since the ... ...

Abstract	Since 1992, the European Union puts in place agri-environment schemes (AES), such as unharvested set-aside fields with winter bird crops (WBC), to counteract farmland biodiversity declines that are associated with agricultural intensification since the second half of the 20th century. These measures aim at, among other things, improving habitat quality and food availability for farmland birds throughout the year. In this study in Dry Hesbaye, an agricultural region in eastern Flanders (Belgium), we use spatial generalized linear mixed models to investigate how species richness and the observation probability of ten bird species with different food diets are associated during winter (November - March) with WBC implementation in arable crop fields and the presence of landscape elements within 50 m of these fields. Our results show that species richness and the observation probabilities of nine out of ten wintering farmland bird species under study are increased at crop fields with WBC implementation. Species richness and observation probabilities are also associated with the presence of nearby landscape elements such as hedgerows, woodland, unpaved roads, or grass margins. We conclude that unharvested set-aside fields promote local diversity and observation probabilities of most of the species under study. In addition, AES measures should be implemented after considering the aforementioned natural or semi-natural nearby landscape elements, which also influence local diversity and species’ observation probability.
Keywords	Agri-environment schemes ; Farmland bird diversity ; Species richness ; Habitat composition ; Spatial generalized linear mixed model ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Nightjar diversity and microhabitat use in Nechisar National Park, Ethiopia

Evens, Ruben / Natalie Beenaerts / Nele Witters / Tom Artois

Ostrich. 2018 Jan. 2, v. 89, no. 1

2018

Abstract: Knowledge of the distribution and ecology of East African nightjars is, to a large extent, unknown. We collected ecological information on the diversity and microhabitat use of nightjars in Nechisar National Park in January 2015 by executing field ... ...

Abstract	Knowledge of the distribution and ecology of East African nightjars is, to a large extent, unknown. We collected ecological information on the diversity and microhabitat use of nightjars in Nechisar National Park in January 2015 by executing field captures and observations. We also attempted to find a live specimen of the Nechisar Nightjar Caprimulgus solala. During the course of 18 nights we observed five nightjar species, captured 49 individuals and observed that nightjars were closely associated with protective landscape elements. In spite of the intensity of our survey, we were not able to find a living specimen of the Nechisar Nightjar, which could indicate the species is either migratory or extinct.
Keywords	Caprimulgus ; landscapes ; microhabitats ; migratory behavior ; national parks ; surveys ; Ethiopia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0102
Size	p. 87-91.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ISSN	1727-947X
DOI	10.2989/00306525.2017.1407004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Managing African Swine Fever

Martijn Bollen / Thomas Neyens / Maxime Fajgenblat / Valérie De Waele / Alain Licoppe / Benoît Manet / Jim Casaer / Natalie Beenaerts

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

Assessing the Potential of Camera Traps in Monitoring Wild Boar Occupancy Trends in Infected and Non-infected Zones, Using Spatio-Temporal Statistical Models

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: The recent spreading of African swine fever (ASF) over the Eurasian continent has been acknowledged as a serious economic threat for the pork industry. Consequently, an extensive body of research focuses on the epidemiology and control of ASF. ... ...

Abstract	The recent spreading of African swine fever (ASF) over the Eurasian continent has been acknowledged as a serious economic threat for the pork industry. Consequently, an extensive body of research focuses on the epidemiology and control of ASF. Nevertheless, little information is available on the combined effect of ASF and ASF-related control measures on wild boar (Sus scrofa) population abundances. This is crucial information given the role of the remaining wild boar that act as an important reservoir of the disease. Given the high potential of camera traps as a non-invasive method for ungulate trend estimation, we assess the effectiveness of ASF control measures using a camera trap network. In this study, we focus on a major ASF outbreak in 2018–2020 in the South of Belgium. This outbreak elicited a strong management response, both in terms of fencing off a large infected zone as well as an intensive culling regime. We apply a Bayesian multi-season site-occupancy model to wild boar detection/non-detection data. Our results show that (1) occupancy rates at the onset of our monitoring period reflect the ASF infection status; (2) ASF-induced mortality and culling efforts jointly lead to decreased occupancy over time; and (3) the estimated mean total extinction rate ranges between 22.44 and 91.35%, depending on the ASF infection status. Together, these results confirm the effectiveness of ASF control measures implemented in Wallonia (Belgium), which has regained its disease-free status in December 2020, as well as the usefulness of a camera trap network to monitor these effects.
Keywords	African swine fever ; camera traps ; occupancy ; spatio-temporal ; Bayesian inference ; Stan ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mapping species richness using opportunistic samples

Thomas Neyens / Peter J. Diggle / Christel Faes / Natalie Beenaerts / Tom Artois / Emanuele Giorgi

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a case study on ground-floor bryophyte species richness in the Belgian province of Limburg

2019 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract In species richness studies, citizen-science surveys where participants make individual decisions regarding sampling strategies provide a cost-effective approach to collect a large amount of data. However, it is unclear to what extent the bias ... ...

Abstract	Abstract In species richness studies, citizen-science surveys where participants make individual decisions regarding sampling strategies provide a cost-effective approach to collect a large amount of data. However, it is unclear to what extent the bias inherent to opportunistically collected samples may invalidate our inferences. Here, we compare spatial predictions of forest ground-floor bryophyte species richness in Limburg (Belgium), based on crowd- and expert-sourced data, where the latter are collected by adhering to a rigorous geographical randomisation and data collection protocol. We develop a log-Gaussian Cox process model to analyse the opportunistic sampling process of the crowd-sourced data and assess its sampling bias. We then fit two geostatistical Poisson models to both data-sets and compare the parameter estimates and species richness predictions. We find that the citizens had a higher propensity for locations that were close to their homes and environmentally more valuable. The estimated effects of ecological predictors and spatial species richness predictions differ strongly between the two geostatistical models. Unknown inconsistencies in the sampling process, such as unreported observer’s effort, and the lack of a hypothesis-driven study protocol can lead to the occurrence of multiple sources of sampling bias, making it difficult, if not impossible, to provide reliable inferences.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Repeated migration of a juvenile European Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus

Evens, Ruben / Natalie Beenaerts / Nele Witters / Tom Artois

Journal of ornithology. 2017 July, v. 158, no. 3

2017

Abstract: Most of our current knowledge on migration strategies in juvenile light-weight birds originates from laboratory studies, displacement experiments and partial migration tracks. Here we report on the first recording of two consecutive migration cycles of ... ...

Abstract	Most of our current knowledge on migration strategies in juvenile light-weight birds originates from laboratory studies, displacement experiments and partial migration tracks. Here we report on the first recording of two consecutive migration cycles of one such light-weight migrant, the European Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus. This bird visited the same stopover zones and wintering area in both years, but with earlier arrival times and less time spent at stopover zones in the second year. This unique dataset shows that adult nightjars seem to possess the capability to perform some form of navigation towards areas which are established during the juvenile migration.
Keywords	Caprimulgus europaeus ; adults ; birds ; data collection ; juveniles ; wintering grounds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-07
Size	p. 881-886.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ISSN	2193-7192
DOI	10.1007/s10336-017-1459-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Research data: (with research data) Study on the foraging behaviour of the European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus reveals the need for a change in conservation strategy in Belgium

Evens, Ruben / Natalie Beenaerts / Nele Witters / Tom Artois

Journal of avian biology. 2017 Sept., v. 48, no. 9

2017

Abstract: Effective nature conservation requires coherent actions based on the best available evidence concerning protected species. Recent studies have suggested that European nightjars Caprimulgus europaeus forage outside their recognized breeding habitats, yet, ...

Abstract	Effective nature conservation requires coherent actions based on the best available evidence concerning protected species. Recent studies have suggested that European nightjars Caprimulgus europaeus forage outside their recognized breeding habitats, yet, for Flanders (northern Belgium) information on nightjar foraging behaviour and key foraging habitats is lacking. To assess whether the foraging ecology of nightjars in Flanders is similar to that observed in other parts of Europe, we studied the crepuscular behaviour of this species in Bosland (northeastern Flanders) during a fiveâyear radio telemetry study. Tracking of 48 individuals within a coniferous forest was standardized and home ranges were calculated using a kernel density estimator (fixed kernel). Habitat use was investigated by comparing kernel placement to available habitat. Average maximal foraging distance was 2603 Â± 1094 m and home ranges extended up to 691 ha. We identified the key foraging habitats to be extensivelyâcultivated grasslands and recreational areas, areas that were previously assumed unsuitable for Belgian nightjars. Our results indicate the importance of foraging sites outside the breeding territory, confirming the findings of previous studies performed elsewhere in Europe. Incorporating our findings into future conservation plans could, therefore, lead to improved efficiency of EU conservation measures, designed for the protection of this bird species in Flanders.
Keywords	Caprimulgus europaeus ; European Union ; birds ; breeding ; breeding sites ; coniferous forests ; foraging ; grasslands ; habitats ; home range ; natural resources conservation ; protected species ; radio telemetry ; seeds ; Belgium
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-09
Size	p. 1238-1245.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article ; Research data
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2028018-X
ISSN	1600-048X ; 0908-8857 ; 0908-8857
ISSN (online)	1600-048X
ISSN	0908-8857
DOI	10.1111/jav.00996
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Rush or relax

Michiel Lathouwers / Tom Artois / Nicolas Dendoncker / Natalie Beenaerts / Greg Conway / Ian Henderson / Céline Kowalczyk / Batmunkh Davaasuren / Soddelgerekh Bayrgur / Mike Shewring / Tony Cross / Eddy Ulenaers / Felix Liechti / Ruben Evens

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

migration tactics of a nocturnal insectivore in response to ecological barriers

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract During their annual migration, avian migrants alternate stopover periods, for refuelling, with migratory flight bouts. We hypothesise that European Nightjars (Caprimulgus europaeus) adapt their daily migration tactics in association with biomes. ...

Abstract	Abstract During their annual migration, avian migrants alternate stopover periods, for refuelling, with migratory flight bouts. We hypothesise that European Nightjars (Caprimulgus europaeus) adapt their daily migration tactics in association with biomes. We tracked the autumn migration of 24 European Nightjars, from breeding populations in Mongolia, Belgium and UK, using GPS-loggers and multi-sensor data loggers. We quantified crepuscular and nocturnal migration and foraging probabilities, as well as daily travel speed and flight altitude during active migration in response to biomes. Nightjars adopt a rush tactic, reflected in high daily travel speed, flight altitude and high migration probabilities at dusk and at night, when travelling through ecological barriers. Migration is slower in semi-open, hospitable biomes. This is reflected in high foraging probabilities at dusk, lower daily travel speed and lower migration probabilities at dusk. Our study shows how nightjars switch migration tactics during autumn migration, and suggest nightjars alternate between feeding and short migratory flight bouts within the same night when travelling through suitable habitats. How this may affect individuals’ fuel stores and whether different biomes provide refuelling opportunities en route remains to be investigated, to understand how future land-use change may affect migration patterns and survival probabilities.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	337
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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