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  1. Article ; Online: Competitive Interactions of Flowering Rush ( Butomus umbellatus L.) Cytotypes in Submersed and Emergent Experimental Aquatic Plant Communities

    Nathan E. Harms

    Diversity, Vol 12, Iss 1, p

    2020  Volume 40

    Abstract: The ability to invade communities in a variety of habitats (e.g., along a depth gradient) may facilitate establishment and spread of invasive plants, but how multiple lineages of a species perform under varying conditions is understudied. A series of ... ...

    Abstract The ability to invade communities in a variety of habitats (e.g., along a depth gradient) may facilitate establishment and spread of invasive plants, but how multiple lineages of a species perform under varying conditions is understudied. A series of greenhouse common garden experiments were conducted in which six diploid and four triploid populations of the aquatic invasive plant Butomus umbellatus L. (Butomaceae) were grown in submersed or emergent conditions, in monoculture or in a multispecies community, to compare establishment and productivity of cytotypes under competition. Diploid biomass overall was 12 times higher than triploids in the submersed experiment and three times higher in the emergent experiment. Diploid shoot:root ratio was double that of triploid plants in submersed conditions overall, and double in emergent conditions in monoculture. Relative interaction intensities (RII) indicated that triploid plants were sixteen times more negatively impacted by competition under submersed conditions but diploid plants were twice as impacted under emergent conditions. Recipient communities were similarly negatively impacted by B. umbellatus cytotypes. This study supports the idea that diploid and triploid B. umbellatus plants are equally capable of invading emergent communities, but that diploid plants may be better adapted for invading in submersed habitats. However, consistently lower shoot:root ratios in both monoculture and in communities suggests that triploid plants may be better-adapted competitors in the long term due to increased resource allocation to roots. This represents the first examination into the role of cytotype and habitat on competitive interactions of B. umbellatus .
    Keywords phenotypic plasticity ; interspecific competition ; plant invasion ; habitat heterogeneity ; genetic variation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: DNA assays for genetic discrimination of three Phragmites australis subspecies in the United States

    Denise L. Lindsay / Xin Guan / Nathan E. Harms / James T. Cronin / Laura A. Meyerson / Richard F. Lance

    Applications in Plant Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: Abstract Premise To genetically discriminate subspecies of the common reed (Phragmites australis), we developed real‐time quantitative (qPCR) assays for identifying P. australis subsp. americanus, P. australis subsp. australis, and P. australis subsp. ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Premise To genetically discriminate subspecies of the common reed (Phragmites australis), we developed real‐time quantitative (qPCR) assays for identifying P. australis subsp. americanus, P. australis subsp. australis, and P. australis subsp. berlandieri. Methods and Results Utilizing study‐generated chloroplast DNA sequences, we developed three novel qPCR assays. Assays were verified on individuals of each subspecies and against two non‐target species, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea. One assay amplifies only P. australis subsp. americanus, one amplifies P. australis subsp. australis and/or P. australis subsp. berlandieri, and one amplifies P. australis subsp. americanus and/or P. australis subsp. australis. This protocol enhances currently available rapid identification methods by providing genetic discrimination of all three subspecies. Conclusions The newly developed assays were validated using P. australis samples from across the United States. Application of these assays outside of this geographic range should be preceded by additional testing.
    Keywords aquatic invasive species ; chloroplast genome sequencing ; environmental genetics ; hydrolysis probe real‐time quantitative PCR ; plant identification ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Botany ; QK1-989
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Biological and Host Range Characteristics of Lysathia flavipes (Coleoptera

    Angelica M. Reddy / Paul D. Pratt / Brenda J. Grewell / Nathan E. Harms / Ximena Cibils-Stewart / Guillermo Cabrera Walsh / Ana Faltlhauser

    Insects, Vol 12, Iss 471, p

    Chrysomelidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Invasive Ludwigia spp. (Onagraceae) in the USA

    2021  Volume 471

    Abstract: Exotic water primroses ( Ludwigia spp.) are aggressive invaders in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. To date, management of exotic Ludwigia spp. has been limited to physical and chemical control methods. Biological control provides an alternative approach ... ...

    Abstract Exotic water primroses ( Ludwigia spp.) are aggressive invaders in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. To date, management of exotic Ludwigia spp. has been limited to physical and chemical control methods. Biological control provides an alternative approach for the management of invasive Ludwigia spp. but little is known regarding the natural enemies of these exotic plants. Herein the biology and host range of Lysathia flavipes (Boheman), a herbivorous beetle associated with Ludwigia spp. in Argentina and Uruguay, was studied to determine its suitability as a biocontrol agent for multiple closely related target weeds in the USA. The beetle matures from egg to adult in 19.9 ± 1.4 days at 25 °C; females lived 86.3 ± 35.6 days and laid 1510.6 ± 543.4 eggs over their lifespans. No-choice development and oviposition tests were conducted using four Ludwigia species and seven native plant species. Lysathia flavipes showed little discrimination between plant species: larvae aggressively fed and completed development, and the resulting females (F1 generation) oviposited viable eggs on most plant species regardless of origin. These results indicate that L. flavipes is not sufficiently host-specific for further consideration as a biocontrol agent of exotic Ludwigia spp. in the USA and further testing is not warranted.
    Keywords aquatic weeds ; invasive species ; management ; host specificity ; development ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Spatio-temporal pattern of cross-continental invasion

    Achyut Kumar Banerjee / Xinru Liang / Nathan E. Harms / Fengxiao Tan / Yuting Lin / Hui Feng / Jiakai Wang / Qingwei Li / Youxin Jia / Xinyu Lu / Yangbeijia Liu / Renqi Cao / Chenxu Lin / Yelin Huang

    Ecological Indicators, Vol 140, Iss , Pp 109052- (2022)

    Evidence of climatic niche shift and predicted range expansion provide management insights for smooth cordgrass

    2022  

    Abstract: Introduction and spread of the halophyte Spartina alterniflora is one of the largest continental-scale biological invasion events in Asia and the Americas. Rapid globalization and broad environmental tolerance of the species increase the chance of novel ... ...

    Abstract Introduction and spread of the halophyte Spartina alterniflora is one of the largest continental-scale biological invasion events in Asia and the Americas. Rapid globalization and broad environmental tolerance of the species increase the chance of novel invasions. Thus, we aimed to identify susceptible regions to inform prevention and control activities.A comprehensive global occurrence dataset and corresponding bioclimatic variables were used to characterize the species' climatic niche and predict current and future potential distributions. Conservatism of climatic niche between native and non-native ranges was tested, and climatic niche dynamics were analysed at spatial and temporal scales. The ensemble of eight species distribution models and eight climate change models was used to map the potential distribution of S. alterniflora under current and future climate conditions. We investigated the susceptibility of threatened ecosystems like mangroves and protected areas to S. alterniflora invasion to better inform management decisions.Our study revealed wide climatic tolerance and significant niche expansion of the species from humid regions of its native range to dry and arid environments of its non-native range with a very short lag period. With a marginal increase in temperature and precipitation in the future, range expansion was predicted towards higher latitude and more inland areas. The mangroves area, salt marshes, and protected areas that are at risk of ongoing and future invasions were identified. Given the invasion potential of S. alterniflora, the areas identified as climatically susceptible for the species’ establishment, both in current and future climates, should be prioritized for management actions.
    Keywords Biological invasion ; Climate change ; Climatic niche dynamics ; Potential distribution ; Species distribution model ; Spartina alterniflora ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Climate Mismatch between Introduced Biological Control Agents and Their Invasive Host Plants

    Nathan E. Harms / Ian A. Knight / Paul D. Pratt / Angelica M. Reddy / Abhishek Mukherjee / Ping Gong / Julie Coetzee / S. Raghu / Rodrigo Diaz

    Insects, Vol 12, Iss 549, p

    Improving Biological Control of Tropical Weeds in Temperate Regions

    2021  Volume 549

    Abstract: Many weed biological control programs suffer from large-scale spatial variation in success due to restricted distributions or abundances of agents in temperate climates. For some of the world’s worst aquatic weeds, agents are established but ... ...

    Abstract Many weed biological control programs suffer from large-scale spatial variation in success due to restricted distributions or abundances of agents in temperate climates. For some of the world’s worst aquatic weeds, agents are established but overwintering conditions limit their survival in higher latitudes or elevations. The resulting need is for new or improved site- or region-specific biological control tools. Here, we review this challenge with a focus on low-temperature limitations of agents and propose a roadmap for improving success. Investigations across spatial scales, from global (e.g., foreign exploration), to local (selective breeding), to individual organisms (molecular modification), are discussed. A combination of traditional (foreign) and non-traditional (introduced range) exploration may lead to the discovery and development of better-adapted agent genotypes. A multivariate approach using ecologically relevant metrics to quantify and compare cold tolerance among agent populations is likely required. These data can be used to inform environmental niche modeling combined with mechanistic modeling of species’ fundamental climate niches and life histories to predict where, when, and at what abundance agents will occur. Finally, synthetic and systems biology approaches in conjunction with advanced modern genomics, gene silencing and gene editing technologies may be used to identify and alter the expression of genes enhancing cold tolerance, but this technology in the context of weed biological control has not been fully explored.
    Keywords biogeography ; climate mismatches ; enhanced traits ; invasive plants ; thermal physiology ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Could enemy release explain invasion success of Sagittaria platyphylla in Australia and South Africa?

    Kwong, Raelene M / Jean Louis Sagliocco / Nathan E. Harms / Kym L. Butler / Grant D. Martin / Peter T. Green

    Elsevier B.V. Aquatic botany. 2019 Feb., v. 153

    2019  

    Abstract: Sagittaria platyphylla (delta arrowhead) is an emergent aquatic macrophyte native to southeastern United States of America that has been introduced into Australia and South Africa as an ornamental pond and aquarium plant. Compared to plants in the native ...

    Abstract Sagittaria platyphylla (delta arrowhead) is an emergent aquatic macrophyte native to southeastern United States of America that has been introduced into Australia and South Africa as an ornamental pond and aquarium plant. Compared to plants in the native range, S. platyphylla in the introduced range have greater reproductive capacity and form extensive infestations that dominate shallow waterbodies. One explanation for the invasive success of S. platyphylla in introduced countries is that plants are devoid of biotic pressures that would regulate population abundance in their native range (the enemy release hypothesis). We previously reported on field surveys that documented the number of pathogens and insect herbivores associated with S. platyphylla in native and introduced ranges. Here, we quantify the damage caused by these natural enemies to S. platyphylla in the two ranges. As predicted, damage to plants caused by pathogens and insect herbivores was much greater in the native than the introduced range at both the plant and population level. In introduced regions herbivory was low (less than 10%) in every plant part, while in North America insect damage to fruiting heads was 46% (of fruiting heads attacked), damage to leaves was between 33 to 57%, and internal herbivore damage to petioles and the inflorescence scapes was 56% and 43% respectively. Pathogen damage to leaves was between 39 to 57% of leaves per plant affected, compared to 9% in Australia and 8% in South Africa. This lack of biotic resistance from herbivores and disease may have facilitated S. platyphylla invasion in Australia and South Africa.
    Keywords Sagittaria ; aquarium plants ; colonizing ability ; fruiting ; indigenous species ; introduced species ; macrophytes ; natural enemies ; pathogens ; petioles ; phytophagous insects ; plant damage ; reproductive performance ; species abundance ; surface water ; surveys ; Australia ; South Africa ; Southeastern United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-02
    Size p. 67-72.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 390388-6
    ISSN 0304-3770
    ISSN 0304-3770
    DOI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.11.011
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Parasitoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) Associated with Sagittaria latifolia Willd. and Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J. G. sm. (Alismatales: Alismataceae) in the Nearctic Region

    Kula, Robert R / Matthew L. Buffington / Michael W. Gates / Nathan E. Harms

    Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 2017 Apr., v. 119, no. 2

    2017  

    Abstract: The results of a survey of parasitoid wasps associated with herbivorous insects on Sagittaria latifolia Willd. and Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J. G. Sm. (Alismatales: Alismataceae) in the Nearctic Region are reported. The following 10 wasp species ... ...

    Abstract The results of a survey of parasitoid wasps associated with herbivorous insects on Sagittaria latifolia Willd. and Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J. G. Sm. (Alismatales: Alismataceae) in the Nearctic Region are reported. The following 10 wasp species were reared from insects on S. platyphylla: Gonatocerus sp., Mestocharis tropicalis Yoshimoto, Syntomopus americanus Ashmead (all Chalcidoidea), Hexacola websteri (Crawford), Rhoptromeris sp. (both Cynipoidea), Alabagrus texanus (Cresson), Bracon sp. nr. mellitor Say, Cotesia diacrisiae (Gahan), Enicospilus glabratus (Say), and Opius (Tolbia) hoffmanni (Fischer) (all Ichneumonoidea). Three wasp species, S. americanus, Chaenusa psillosae Kula (Ichneumonoidea), and B. sp. nr. mellitor, were reared from insects on S. latifolia. All species except C. psillosae are reported as associated with a species of Sagittaria for the first time. Mesochorus discitergus Say is reported as a hyperparasitoid of C. diacrisiae for the first time and is also reported as associated with a species of Sagittaria for the first time. Opius (Tolbia) hoffmanni is reported as a parasitoid of Hydrellia sp. prob. nobilis (Loew); this is the first record of O. (T.) hoffmanni from a species of Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Ephydridae). Mestocharis tropicalis, S. americanus, and O. (T.) hoffmanni are reported from Louisiana for the first time. Syntomopus americanus and O. (T.) hoffmanni are reported from Texas for the first time.
    Keywords Bracon ; Cotesia ; Gonatocerus ; Hydrellia ; hyperparasitoids ; Mesochorus ; Opius ; parasitic wasps ; phytophagous insects ; rearing ; Sagittaria latifolia ; surveys ; wasps ; Arctic region ; Louisiana ; Texas
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-04
    Size p. 215-227.
    Publishing place The Entomological Society of Washington
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2533731-2
    ISSN 0013-8797
    ISSN 0013-8797
    DOI 10.4289/0013-8797.119.2.215
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Evidence-based economic analysis demonstrates that ecosystem service benefits of water hyacinth management greatly exceed research and control costs

    Lisa A. Wainger / Nathan E. Harms / Cedric Magen / Dong Liang / Genevieve M. Nesslage / Anna M. McMurray / Al F. Cofrancesco

    PeerJ, Vol 6, p e

    2018  Volume 4824

    Abstract: Invasive species management can be a victim of its own success when decades of effective control cause memories of past harm to fade and raise questions of whether programs should continue. Economic analysis can be used to assess the efficiency of ... ...

    Abstract Invasive species management can be a victim of its own success when decades of effective control cause memories of past harm to fade and raise questions of whether programs should continue. Economic analysis can be used to assess the efficiency of investing in invasive species control by comparing ecosystem service benefits to program costs, but only if appropriate data exist. We used a case study of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), a nuisance floating aquatic plant, in Louisiana to demonstrate how comprehensive record-keeping supports economic analysis. Using long-term data sets, we developed empirical and spatio-temporal simulation models of intermediate complexity to project invasive species growth for control and no-control scenarios. For Louisiana, we estimated that peak plant cover would be 76% higher without the substantial growth rate suppression (84% reduction) that appeared due primarily to biological control agents. Our economic analysis revealed that combined biological and herbicide control programs, monitored over an unusually long time period (1975–2013), generated a benefit-cost ratio of about 34:1 derived from the relatively modest costs of $124 million ($2013) compared to the $4.2 billion ($2013) in benefits to anglers, waterfowl hunters, boating-dependent businesses, and water treatment facilities over the 38-year analysis period. This work adds to the literature by: (1) providing evidence of the effectiveness of water hyacinth biological control; (2) demonstrating use of parsimonious spatio-temporal models to estimate benefits of invasive species control; and (3) incorporating activity substitution into economic benefit transfer to avoid overstating benefits. Our study suggests that robust and cost-effective economic analysis is enabled by good record keeping and generalizable models that can demonstrate management effectiveness and promote social efficiency of invasive species control.
    Keywords Cost benefit analysis ; Spatio-temporal simulation models ; Ecosystem services ; Economic benefits ; Biological control ; Invasive species ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PeerJ Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Quantifying the population response of invasive water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, to biological control and winter weather in Louisiana, USA

    Nesslage, Geneviève M / Lisa A. Wainger / Nathan E. Harms / Alfred F. Cofrancesco

    Biological invasions. 2016 July, v. 18, no. 7

    2016  

    Abstract: Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, is an invasive, tropical, aquatic plant that has caused significant environmental and economic damage since its establishment in Louisiana, USA, in 1884. Both invasion control programs and freezing temperatures are ... ...

    Abstract Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, is an invasive, tropical, aquatic plant that has caused significant environmental and economic damage since its establishment in Louisiana, USA, in 1884. Both invasion control programs and freezing temperatures are known to negatively affect water hyacinth populations; however, the combined impact of these factors on water hyacinth population dynamics has not yet been quantified, thereby limiting the ability to isolate the effectiveness of biocontrol and other types of control under variable weather conditions. We built a seasonal logistic population model that included time-varying intrinsic growth and overwinter mortality parameters which were estimated by fitting the model to vegetation survey data. We estimated that annual overwinter mortality rates declined from a peak of 71 % in 1977 to the time series low of 11 % in the winter of 1992, followed by an average of 28 % per year from 1993 to 2013. After accounting for the magnitude and trend of overwinter dieback events, our model predicted that the intrinsic growth rate of the Louisiana water hyacinth population declined by 84 % between 1976 and 2013. Despite higher average winter temperatures in recent decades, the population has not rebounded. Our study reveals the dramatic effectiveness of Louisiana’s biological control program to successfully suppress water hyacinth invasion.
    Keywords Eichhornia crassipes ; aquatic plants ; biological control ; dieback ; ecological invasion ; freezing ; models ; mortality ; population dynamics ; surveys ; temperature ; time series analysis ; vegetation ; weather ; winter ; Louisiana
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-07
    Size p. 2107-2115.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1438729-3
    ISSN 1573-1464 ; 1387-3547
    ISSN (online) 1573-1464
    ISSN 1387-3547
    DOI 10.1007/s10530-016-1155-9
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: Biogeographical comparison of the emergent macrophyte, Sagittaria platyphylla in its native and introduced ranges

    Kwong, Raelene M / Grant D. Martin / Jean Louis Sagliocco / Kym L. Butler / Nathan E. Harms / Peter T. Green

    Elsevier B.V. Aquatic botany. 2017 July, v. 141

    2017  

    Abstract: Understanding why some plant species become invasive is important to predict and prevent future weed threats and identify appropriate management strategies. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain why plants become invasive, yet few studies have ... ...

    Abstract Understanding why some plant species become invasive is important to predict and prevent future weed threats and identify appropriate management strategies. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain why plants become invasive, yet few studies have quantitatively compared plant and population parameters between native and introduced range populations to gain an objective perspective on the causes of plant invasion. The present study uses a biogeographical field survey to compare morphological and reproductive traits and abundance between the native range (USA) and two introduced ranges (Australia and South Africa) of Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm (Alismataceae), a highly invasive freshwater macrophyte. Introduced and native populations differed in sexual reproductive output with the number of achenes per fruiting head and individual achene weight found to be 40% and 50% greater in introduced populations respectively. However, no other morphological traits were found to be consistently different between the native and both introduced ranges, especially after taking into account differences in environmental conditions between the three ranges. Although populations in introduced regions were larger and occupied greater percentage cover, no differences in plant density were evident. Our results suggest that, apart from sexual reproduction, many of the trait patterns observed in S. platyphylla are influenced by environmental and habitat conditions within the native and invaded ranges. We conclude that the enemy release hypothesis best explains the results observed for sexual reproduction. In particular, we hypothesise that a release from natural enemies, specifically a pre-dispersal seed predator, may induce reproductive plasticity in S. platyphylla.
    Keywords biogeography ; ecological invasion ; environmental factors ; freshwater ; fruits ; granivores ; habitats ; indigenous species ; introduced species ; macrophytes ; natural enemies ; plant density ; reproductive performance ; reproductive traits ; Sagittaria ; sexual reproduction ; surveys ; weeds ; Australia ; South Africa ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-07
    Size p. 1-9.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 390388-6
    ISSN 0304-3770
    ISSN 0304-3770
    DOI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2017.05.001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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