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  1. Article ; Online: Febrile encephalopathy

    Pratibha Singhi / Naveen Sankhyan

    Journal of International Child Neurology Association, Pp 9-

    2018  Volume 9

    Abstract: Febrile encephalopathy can be due to various causes that vary according to the local epidemiology and season. The critical window for diagnosis and effective intervention is often short. The basic principles of management include; the initial assessment ... ...

    Abstract Febrile encephalopathy can be due to various causes that vary according to the local epidemiology and season. The critical window for diagnosis and effective intervention is often short. The basic principles of management include; the initial assessment and stabilization, focussed clinical evaluation and neurological assessment. Management include general and specific measures. Raised intracranial pressure, seizures and hemodynamic instability must be managed urgently and appropriately, since the diagnosis or specific etiology is not immediately apparent, empiric therapy based on local disease prevalence is initiated. A more specific management can be followed after a diagnosis is established or is reasonably certain.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Pediatrics ; RJ1-570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher International Child Neurology Association (ICNA)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Childhood epilepsy and ADHD comorbidity in an Indian tertiary medical center outpatient population

    Anita Choudhary / Sheffali Gulati / Rajesh Sagar / Naveen Sankhyan / Kam Sripada

    Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 7

    Abstract: Abstract This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its characteristics and risk factors in children with epilepsy at a tertiary medical center in New Delhi. Children with active epilepsy, aged 6 to ... ...

    Abstract Abstract This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its characteristics and risk factors in children with epilepsy at a tertiary medical center in New Delhi. Children with active epilepsy, aged 6 to 12 years, were assessed for ADHD using DSM-IV-TR criteria. Epilepsy and psychiatric characteristics, sociodemographic indicators, and use of antiepileptic drugs were analyzed for differences between the ADHD and non-ADHD groups. Among the 73 children with epilepsy, 23% (n = 17) had comorbid ADHD, of whom 59% (n = 10) had predominantly inattentive type, 35% (n = 6) combined type, and 6% (n = 1) predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. Lower IQ scores, epileptiform EEG activity, not attending school, and male sex were significantly associated with comorbid ADHD in children with epilepsy. Groups were similar in terms of age, socioeconomic indicators, family history of psychiatric disorders, seizure frequency in the last six months, seizure etiology, and seizure type. Epilepsy is a common pediatric neurological condition with frequent psychiatric comorbidities, including ADHD. Specialists should collaborate to optimize treatment for children with epilepsy and ADHD, especially for families in developing countries where the burden of disease can be great.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Assessment of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Tuberculous Meningitis Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Perfusion

    Shruti Kumar / Paramjeet Singh / Sameer Vyas / Manish Modi / Vivek Agarwal / Manoj Kumar Goyal / Naveen Sankhyan

    Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, Vol 31, Iss 01, Pp 030-

    2021  Volume 036

    Abstract: Objective Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of central nervous system tuberculosis. The aim of the study was to quantitatively evaluate blood–brain barrier (BBB) perfusion changes in TBM patients using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) ... ...

    Abstract Objective Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of central nervous system tuberculosis. The aim of the study was to quantitatively evaluate blood–brain barrier (BBB) perfusion changes in TBM patients using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR perfusion. Methods and Material Thirty untreated patients of TBM and 10 healthy controls were prospectively evaluated by conventional imaging and DCE MR perfusion. Mean permeability indices—Ktrans and Ve—were calculated from multiple regions of interest (ROIs) placed in basal cisterns and comparison was done between the patients and controls. Results The permeability indices were significantly higher (where p < 0.001) in cisterns of TBM patients who showed basal meningeal enhancement when compared with healthy controls. Significant differences in permeability were observed between “enhancing” cases and controls as well as in “enhancing” cases when compared with the “non-enhancing” cases. However, no significant difference was observed in the mean cisternal value between “non-enhancing” cases and the controls. Ktrans with a cutoff value of > 0.0838 had 81.6% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity in differentiating cases and controls while Ve mean value with a cutoff value of 0.0703 showed 86.8% sensitivity and 91.4% specificity in predicting the permeability difference between the cases and controls. Conclusion DCE MR perfusion is useful in the quantitative measurement of disruption of BBB and perfusion alterations in patients of TBM.
    Keywords blood–brain barrier ; mr perfusion ; tuberculous meningitis ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Acute Painful Neuropathy in a Girl with Type 1 Diabetes

    Devi Dayal / Dhaarani Jayaraman / Naveen Sankhyan / Pratibha Singhi

    Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 10, Iss 5, Pp SD01-SD

    Long Term Follow-Up

    2016  Volume 02

    Abstract: Acute Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (APDN) is a reversible neuropathy that occurs in patients with diabetes usually after a fast improvement in glycaemic control. The condition is extremely rare in children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We describe a 12-year- ...

    Abstract Acute Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (APDN) is a reversible neuropathy that occurs in patients with diabetes usually after a fast improvement in glycaemic control. The condition is extremely rare in children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We describe a 12-year-old girl T1D who developed APDN shortly after diagnosis of T1D. Neurological examination, nerve conduction studies showed severe asymmetric lower limb sensorimotor neuropathy. She was treated with carbamazepine and benfotiamine (vitamin B1 analogue), and NSAID analgesics and showed complete recovery 9 months after the onset. The treating physicians should recognize and understand this entity in view of the current recommendations for quick achievement of glycaemic targets in T1D, the need to provide relief from severe pain and to lay emphasis on complete recovery.
    Keywords benfotiamine ; children ; glycaemic control ; insulin ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Recurrent encephalopathy in milliary neurocysticercosis

    Indar K. Sharawat / Hansashree Padmanabha / Renu Suthar / Sameer Vyas / Naveen Sankhyan

    Journal of Infection and Public Health, Vol 11, Iss 6, Pp 893-

    An uncommon manifestation of a common infection

    2018  Volume 895

    Abstract: Neurocysticercosis is a common parasitic infection in children in developing countries and neurological symptoms such as seizures are the most common manifestations. However, symptoms of encephalopathy are an unusual presentation in children. A 4-year- ... ...

    Abstract Neurocysticercosis is a common parasitic infection in children in developing countries and neurological symptoms such as seizures are the most common manifestations. However, symptoms of encephalopathy are an unusual presentation in children. A 4-year-old boy presented with recurrent episodes of febrile encephalopathy. His magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was suggestive of milliary neurocysticercosis of various stages. Reports on recurrent encephalopathy following neurocysticercosis are scarce in literature. Hence, we report this case who presented with recurrent episodes of encephalopathy. Keywords: Recurrent encephalopathy, Neuro infection, Parasitic infection, Inflammatory granuloma
    Keywords Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Defeating Paediatric Tuberculous Meningitis

    Robindra Basu Roy / Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka / Chishala Chabala / Diana M Gibb / Julie Huynh / Hilda Mujuru / Naveen Sankhyan / James A Seddon / Suvasini Sharma / Varinder Singh / Eric Wobudeya / Suzanne T Anderson

    Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 857, p

    Applying the WHO “Defeating Meningitis by 2030: Global Roadmap”

    2021  Volume 857

    Abstract: Children affected by tuberculous meningitis (TBM), as well as their families, have needs that lie at the intersections between the tuberculosis and meningitis clinical, research, and policy spheres. There is therefore a substantial risk that these needs ... ...

    Abstract Children affected by tuberculous meningitis (TBM), as well as their families, have needs that lie at the intersections between the tuberculosis and meningitis clinical, research, and policy spheres. There is therefore a substantial risk that these needs are not fully met by either programme. In this narrative review article, we use the World Health Organization (WHO) “Defeating Meningitis by 2030: global roadmap” as a starting point to consider key goals and activities to specifically defeat TBM in children. We apply the five pillars outlined in the roadmap to describe how this approach can be adapted to serve children affected by TBM. The pillars are (i) prevention; (ii) diagnosis and treatment; (iii) surveillance; (iv) support and care for people affected by meningitis; and (v) advocacy and engagement. We conclude by calling for greater integration between meningitis and TB programmes at WHO and at national levels.
    Keywords tuberculosis ; tuberculous meningitis ; TBM ; children ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Congenital rubella syndrome surveillance in India, 2016–21

    Devika Shanmugasundaram / Sanjay Verma / Kuldeep Singh / Bhagirathi Dwibedi / Shally Awasthi / S. Mahantesh / Himabindu Singh / Sridhar Santhanam / Nivedita Mondal / Geetha S / Priya Sreenivasan / Shikha Malik / Manish Jain / Rajlakshmi Viswanathan / Shalini Tripathi / Bhupeshwari Patel / Gajanan Sapkal / R. Sabarinathan / Mini P. Singh /
    R.K. Ratho / Vijaylakshmi Nag / Ravishekhar Gadepalli / Tapas Kumar Som / Baijayantimala Mishra / Amita Jain / M. Ashok / Devara Sudha Madhuri / V Sudha Rani / Asha Mary Abraham / Deepa John / Rahul Dhodapkar / A. Syed Ali / Debasis Biswas / Deepashri Pratyeke / Ashish Bavdekar / Jayant Prakash / Varsha Singh / Nidhi Prasad / Jaydeb Ray / Agniva Majumdar / Shanta Dutta / Nivedita Gupta / Manoj Murhekar / Akhil Sharma / Aniruddha Ghosh / Arun Alexander / Arun Baranwal / Avinash Anantharaj / Adhisivam Bethou / Dolat S. Shekhawat / G. Kiruthika / Jagat Ram / Madhu Gupta / Mamatha Gowda / Manoj K Rohit / Nabaneeta Dash / Naveen Sankhyan / Nidhi Kaushal / Niranjan Hunasanahalli Shivanna / Nirupama Kasturi / P. Prem Kumar / Parul Chawla Gupta / Pradeep Kumar Gunasekaran / Pratibha Singh / Praveen Kumar / Sanjay Kumar Munjal / Siddharth Agarwal / Suhani Manasa / Suruchi Shukla / Urvashi Nehra / Valsan P Verghese / Varuna Vyas / Vikas Gupta

    Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 5, Pp e15965- (2023)

    Analysis of five years surveillance data

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: In India, facility-based surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was initiated in 2016 to estimate the burden and monitor the progress made in rubella control. We analyzed the surveillance data for 2016–2021 from 14 sentinel sites ... ...

    Abstract Background: In India, facility-based surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was initiated in 2016 to estimate the burden and monitor the progress made in rubella control. We analyzed the surveillance data for 2016–2021 from 14 sentinel sites to describe the epidemiology of CRS. Method: We analyzed the surveillance data to describe the distribution of suspected and laboratory confirmed CRS patients by time, place and person characteristics. We compared clinical signs of laboratory confirmed CRS and discarded case-patients to find independent predictors of CRS using logistic regression analysis and developed a risk prediction model. Results: During 2016–21, surveillance sites enrolled 3940 suspected CRS case-patients (Age 3.5 months, SD: 3.5). About one-fifth (n = 813, 20.6%) were enrolled during newborn examination. Of the suspected CRS patients, 493 (12.5%) had laboratory evidence of rubella infection. The proportion of laboratory confirmed CRS cases declined from 26% in 2017 to 8.7% in 2021. Laboratory confirmed patients had higher odds of having hearing impairment (Odds ratio [OR] = 9.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6–16.2), cataract (OR = 7.8, 95% CI: 5.4–11.2), pigmentary retinopathy (OR = 6.7, 95 CI: 3.3–13.6), structural heart defect with hearing impairment (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.2–12.2) and glaucoma (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2–8.1). Nomogram, along with a web version, was developed. Conclusions: Rubella continues to be a significant public health issue in India. The declining trend of test positivity among suspected CRS case-patients needs to be monitored through continued surveillance in these sentinel sites.
    Keywords Congenital Rubella Syndrome ; Surveillance ; India ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 120
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis GlcB or HspX Antigens or devR DNA impacts the rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children.

    Sagarika Haldar / Naveen Sankhyan / Neera Sharma / Anjali Bansal / Vitul Jain / V K Gupta / Monica Juneja / Devendra Mishra / Arti Kapil / Urvashi B Singh / Sheffali Gulati / Veena Kalra / Jaya Sivaswami Tyagi

    PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 9, p e

    2012  Volume 44630

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of neurotuberculosis and the fifth most common form of extrapulmonary TB. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are the cornerstones of effective disease management. The accurate diagnosis ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of neurotuberculosis and the fifth most common form of extrapulmonary TB. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are the cornerstones of effective disease management. The accurate diagnosis of TBM poses a challenge due to an extensive differential diagnosis, low bacterial load and paucity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) especially in children. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We describe the utility of ELISA and qPCR for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) proteins (GlcB, HspX, MPT51, Ag85B and PstS1) and DNA for the rapid diagnosis of TBM. CSF filtrates (n = 532) derived from children were classified as 'Definite' TBM (M. tb culture positive, n = 29), 'Probable and Possible' TBM (n = 165) and 'Not-TBM' including other cases of meningitis or neurological disorders (n = 338). ROC curves were generated from ELISA and qPCR data of 'Definite' TBM and Non-Tuberculous infectious meningitis (NTIM) samples and cut-off values were derived to provide ≥ 95% specificity. devR qPCR, GlcB, HspX and PstS1 ELISAs showed 100% (88;100) sensitivity and 96-97% specificity in 'Definite' TBM samples. The application of these cut-offs to 'Probable and Possible' TBM groups yielded excellent sensitivity (98%, 94;99) and specificity (98%, 96;99) for qPCR and for GlcB, HspX and MPT51 antigen ELISAs (sensitivity 92-95% and specificity 93-96%). A test combination of qPCR with GlcB and HspX ELISAs accurately detected all TBM samples at a specificity of ~90%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that these tests significantly added value to the currently used algorithms for TBM diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of M. tb GlcB/HspX antigens/devR DNA in CSF is likely to improve the utility of existing algorithms for TBM diagnosis and also hasten the speed of diagnosis.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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