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Article: Carcass Yield and Histo-Anatomical Changes in Broilers Fed on Diet Supplemented with Different Levels of Phytobiotics

Saleem, Muhammad Usman / Javid, Muhammad Arshad / Kiani, Faisal Ayub / Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser / Bhatti, Sheraz Ahmed

Indian journal of animal research. 2021 Oct., v. 55, no. 10

2021

Abstract: The present study investigates the comparative effectiveness of different concentrations of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on carcass yield and selected histo-anatomical parameters of broilers. A total of 80 one day-old chicks ... ...

Abstract	The present study investigates the comparative effectiveness of different concentrations of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on carcass yield and selected histo-anatomical parameters of broilers. A total of 80 one day-old chicks were divided into five different groups with each group having 4 replicates in a trial of 35 days. The first group was kept as control whereas, the second, third, fourth and fifth groups diet were supplemented with garlic at 0.25 and 0.5% and ginger at 0.25 and 0.5% respectively in the diet. At the end of trial all birds were slaughtered for analysis. Results revealed that carcass weight and carcass yields were significantly (P<0.05) improved by garlic supplementation at 0.5% compared to other groups. Histo-anatomy revealed that the strength of tibia bone increased significantly (P<0.05) whereas, the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes decreased significantly (P<0.05) by the dietary supplementation of garlic and ginger irrespective of level. It is concluded that 0.5% garlic can be used as a potential replacement for antibiotic growth promoters in the broiler diet.
Keywords	Allium sativum ; Zingiber officinale ; animal research ; antibiotics ; carcass weight ; carcass yield ; dietary supplements ; garlic ; ginger ; phytonutrients ; tibia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Size	p. 1184-1188.
Publishing place	Agricultural Research Communication Centre
Document type	Article
ISSN	0976-0555
DOI	10.18805/ijar.B-1118
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Variations in growth performance, meat quality and consumer preferences influenced by difference of breed in buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis)

Saleem, Muhammad Usman / Ali, Muhammad Muddasir / Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser / Durrani, Aneela Zameer / Naseer, Omer / Asghar, Bilal

Animal production science. 2021, v. 61, no. 16

2021

Abstract: Context Breeds of buffalo (Nili-Ravi and Kundhi) show different growth-rate and meat characteristics. Consumer preferences vary for the selection of meat according to the taste and sensory attributes. Buffalo meat is widely consumed in Asia and multiple ... ...

Abstract	Context Breeds of buffalo (Nili-Ravi and Kundhi) show different growth-rate and meat characteristics. Consumer preferences vary for the selection of meat according to the taste and sensory attributes. Buffalo meat is widely consumed in Asia and multiple buffalo breeds are reared for meat production. Aims The current experiment was designed to compare growth rates, meat characteristics and consumer preference for meat from bulls of different buffalo breeds. Methods Thirty-five male Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls (NRBB) and 35 male Kundhi buffalo bulls (KBB) having an age of 18 ± 1.56 months and 18 ± 1.65 months with live bodyweight of 150 ± 1.98 kg and 149 ± 2.09 kg respectively, were purchased and reared for 90 days. All animals were slaughtered on the 91st day and samples from M. pectoralis descendance, M. latissimus dorsi and M. obliquus externus abdominis were collected. A consumer preference survey was also conducted to assess the preferences for meat from the buffalo breeds. Key results Results of the survey suggested that for buyers, meat colour was the primary selection criteria (P < 0.05) at the time of purchase. Consumers preferred the lighter-coloured meat of KBB (P < 0.05) than that of NRBB. Conclusions Findings of the study showed that meat from KBB had superior sensory attributes compared with NRBB, although the meat from NRBB was the more nutritious of the two buffalo breeds. Implications The results will provide a focussed view regarding selection of buffalo bulls for meat production.
Keywords	Bubalus bubalis ; body weight ; buffalo meat ; buffaloes ; color ; consumer preferences ; growth performance ; meat production ; meat quality ; surveys ; taste ; Asia
Language	English
Size	p. 1715-1722.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2472524-9
ISSN	1836-5787 ; 1836-0939
ISSN (online)	1836-5787
ISSN	1836-0939
DOI	10.1071/AN20293
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Article ; Online: Extracellular vesicles and exosome: insight from physiological regulatory perspectives.

Waqas, Muhammad Yasir / Javid, Muhammad Arshad / Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser / Niaz, Nasir / Nisar, Muhammad Farrukh / Manzoor, Zahid / Bhatti, Sheraz Ahmed / Hameed, Sajid / Khaliq, Muhammad Haseeb

Journal of physiology and biochemistry

2022 Volume 78, Issue 3, Page(s) 573–580

Abstract: The current study highlights prospective mechanisms of biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and potential involvement in cellular signaling and transport with great emphasis to illustrate their role as biomarkers in certain pathologies. The current ...

Abstract	The current study highlights prospective mechanisms of biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and potential involvement in cellular signaling and transport with great emphasis to illustrate their role as biomarkers in certain pathologies. The current review highlights EVs, the heterogeneous entities secreted by cells in highly conserved manner. A series of consensus terminologies for various types is yet to be organized. Exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies are major populations among EVs. EVs are key regulators in cellular physiological homeostasis, disease progression and evolve either from plasma membrane (microvesicles) or fusion of endosomes with exosomes. However, how vesicular inclusions elicit a plethora of biological responses is still not much clear. However, how these vesicular inclusions get packaged and delivered by these EVs shows great involvement in inter- and intracellular cellular signaling and channeling of multiple proteins, variety of RNAs and certain fat molecules. It's worth to mention that EVs carry small non-coding RNAs (snRNAs) which are involved in multiple cellular molecular events at targeted sites. Moreover, snRNA trafficking through exosomes and microvesicles depicts remarkable potential as non-invasive biomarkers in different clinical disorders especially immune system pathologies, cardiovascular issues, and metabolic syndromes.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Transport ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Exosomes/metabolism ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1325104-1
ISSN	1877-8755 ; 0034-9402 ; 1138-7548
ISSN (online)	1877-8755
ISSN	0034-9402 ; 1138-7548
DOI	10.1007/s13105-022-00877-6
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Article ; Online: Molecular Epidemiology and Prevalence of Theileria lestoquardi and Theileria ovis Infection in Goats Infested With Tick Vectors From Multan, Pakistan.

Riaz, Muhammad / Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser / Tasawar, Zahida / Ahmed, Atif Nisar / Ayaz, Muhammad Mazhar / Akram, Qaisar / Lindsay, David Scott

Journal of medical entomology

2019 Volume 56, Issue 3, Page(s) 844–848

Abstract: Caprine theileriosis is a major production problem in regions of the world that rely on goats as a major source of milk, meat, and other means of economic income. Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi are responsible for caprine theileriosis in ... ...

Abstract	Caprine theileriosis is a major production problem in regions of the world that rely on goats as a major source of milk, meat, and other means of economic income. Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi are responsible for caprine theileriosis in Pakistan. The present study examined the prevalence of Theileria spp. infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and light microscopy of blood collected from goats from Multan, Pakistan. In addition, the prevalence and identity of the genus of ticks feeding on these goats was determined on specimens collected at the time of blood sampling. The current project hypothesized that Theileria spp. prevalence would be higher in goats infested with ticks than goats without tick infestation. Four hundred and sixty-three blood samples from goats were analyzed, and the prevalence of infection was 16.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = ±5.96) 74 of 463 by PCR and 5.4% (95% CI = ±7.79) 25 of 463 by microscopic examination. Thirty-six (48.6%, 95% CI = ±4.96) and 30 (40.5%, 95% CI = ±7.10) of 74 samples were positive by PCR for T. ovis and T. lestoquardi, respectively. Eight samples (10.0%, 95% CI = ±9.61) had mixed infections of these Theileria species. Infection was observed significantly (P < 0.05) more often in male 22.8%, 95% CI = ±3.85 (23/101) than in female 14%, 95% CI = ±2.36 (51/362) goats. No statistical (P > 0.05) difference in prevalence was present among the three age groups of ≤1 yr (12.6%, 95% CI = ±6.70), 1-4 yr (16.2%, 95% CI = ±8.24), and ≥4 yr (17.7%, 95% CI = ±11.30) goats examined. Two hundred and one (43.4%, 95% CI = ±7.45) goats were infested with ticks, Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp., which are capable of transmitting Theileria spp. Tick infestation was found to be a significant (P < 0.05) risk factor for infection. Prevalence of Theileria infection in goats was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the summer compared with the other three seasons. Data from this study support our hypothesis and demonstrate that both T. ovis and T. lestoquardi are highly prevalent in goats from Multan, Pakistan.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/physiology ; Female ; Goat Diseases/epidemiology ; Goat Diseases/parasitology ; Goats ; Ixodidae/physiology ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Theileria/physiology ; Theileriasis/epidemiology ; Theileriasis/parasitology ; Tick Infestations/epidemiology ; Tick Infestations/parasitology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	1938-2928 ; 0022-2585
ISSN (online)	1938-2928
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjy229
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Article: Genetic Diversity of Canine

Tayyub, Muhammad / Ashraf, Kamran / Lateef, Muhammad / Anjum, Aftab Ahmad / Ali, Muhammad Asad / Ahmad, Nisar / Nawaz, Muhammad / Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2019 Volume 9, Issue 7

Abstract: Canine babesiosis is a serious threat to dogs' health worldwide, caused by the intra- ... ...

Abstract	Canine babesiosis is a serious threat to dogs' health worldwide, caused by the intra-erythrocytic
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani9070439
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Article: Genetic Diversity of Canine <i>Babesia</i> Species Prevalent in Pet Dogs of Punjab, Pakistan

Tayyub, Muhammad / Ashraf, Kamran / Lateef, Muhammad / Anjum, Aftab Ahmad / Ali, Muhammad Asad / Ahmad, Nisar / Nawaz, Muhammad / Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser

Animals. 2019 July 13, v. 9, no. 7

2019

Abstract: Canine babesiosis is a serious threat to dogs’ health worldwide, caused by the intra-erythrocytic Babesia species. The present study was carried out in pet dogs presented at three clinics of Lahore and one of Narowal in Punjab, Pakistan. Two hundred ... ...

Abstract	Canine babesiosis is a serious threat to dogs’ health worldwide, caused by the intra-erythrocytic Babesia species. The present study was carried out in pet dogs presented at three clinics of Lahore and one of Narowal in Punjab, Pakistan. Two hundred blood samples (50 from each clinic) were collected and screened by microscopy for Babesia spp. Out of 200 samples, 84 (42%) were found to be positive for babesiosis. The highest number of positive cases (50%) was recorded in dogs at Narowal clinic. Non-significant variation (p > 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of babesiosis in dogs in relation to sex and age. Positive samples were further confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction using 18S-rRNA genus-specific and species-specific primers. Amplicons were further analyzed by nucleotide sequencing for genetic diversity. Babesia canis and gibsoni were confirmed by genome sequencing in all diseased dogs. These isolates closely resembled each other, but differed from previous reported strains. In conclusion, pet dogs suffering from babesiosis were infected with B. canis and gibsoni, while in other countries, other Babesia species are also prevalent.
Keywords	Babesia canis ; babesiosis ; blood ; dogs ; genetic variation ; genome ; microscopy ; polymerase chain reaction ; Pakistan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0713
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani9070439
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Article ; Online: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Metropolitan City of Multan, Pakistan, a Neglected Tropical Disease

Ayaz, Muhammad Mazhar / Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser / Ullah, Najeeb / Zaman, Aqil / Akbar, Atif / Zeeshan, Muhammad / Hussain, Zahid / Naz, Saima / Zheng, Yadong / Aṣg̲h̲ar, Jāved / Lindsay, David S.

Journal of medical entomology. 2018 June 28, v. 55, no. 4 p.1040-1042

2018

Abstract: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infection caused by flagellated parasitic protozoans in the genus Leishmania. Promastigotes are the infective stage, which are transmitted by the bite of female sand flies of the genera Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia. ... ...

Abstract	Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infection caused by flagellated parasitic protozoans in the genus Leishmania. Promastigotes are the infective stage, which are transmitted by the bite of female sand flies of the genera Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia. Three clinical forms of Leishmania infection are recognized in humans, and they are caused by different Leishmania species. They are cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Up to 2 million cases of leishmaniasis are reported annually worldwide. In Pakistan, CL is widely distributed in endemic areas. In the current study, a survey was conducted to investigate the occurrence of CL in an endemic area of the metropolitan city of Multan, Pakistan. The material for diagnosis of CL was obtained from 461 patients from 239 clinical laboratories and health care centers in Multan. Of these patients, 42.9% (198 of 461) having positive findings of amastigotes in Giemsa stained tissue impression smears. The distribution of CL skin lesions was highly variable. Most patients (76.2%) had a single lesion. Most CL lesions were found on a single hand (23.7%). The prevalence of two CL lesions per patient was 21.7%, while three or more positive CL lesions were observed in 2.0% of patients. The 198 CL-positive patients ranged in age 10–40 yr old, 101 were males, and 97 were females. Logistic regression analysis of leishmaniasis versus age and gender showed that both the age and gender had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the occurrence of infection. Outbreaks of CL were reported in 14 of the 68 Union Councils of Multan.
Keywords	Leishmania ; Lutzomyia ; Phlebotomus ; amastigotes ; cutaneous leishmaniasis ; females ; health services ; humans ; males ; patients ; promastigotes ; regression analysis ; skin lesions ; surveys ; tropical diseases ; vector-borne diseases ; visceral leishmaniasis ; Pakistan ; Leishmania spp ; endemic ; metropolitan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0628
Size	p. 1040-1042.
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	1938-2928 ; 0022-2585
ISSN (online)	1938-2928
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjy003
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Article: Prevalence and risk factors for IgG antibodies to Neospora spp. in three types of equids from Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser / Asim Faraz / Atif Nisar Ahmed / Azhar Maqbool / David S. Lindsay / Imran Rasheed / Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz / Qaisar Akram / Saleem Akhtar / Shahida Tabassum / Yadong Zheng

Acta tropica. 2018 Dec., v. 188

2018

Abstract: Equine hosts suffer from neurological disease, congenital infection, and reproductive problems associated with Neospora spp. infection. We conducted a cross sectional study using sera from 631 equids (324 horses, 218 donkeys and 89 mules) from the ... ...

Abstract	Equine hosts suffer from neurological disease, congenital infection, and reproductive problems associated with Neospora spp. infection. We conducted a cross sectional study using sera from 631 equids (324 horses, 218 donkeys and 89 mules) from the southern region of Punjab province, Pakistan to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Neospora spp. in this diverse group of equines. Fisk factors associated with seropositivity were evaluated statistically based on equine type, breed, age, husbandry, breeding methods, and reproductive history. Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora spp. was detected using a commercially available competitive ELISA kit. We detected IgG antibodies to Neospora spp. in 23.3% of the equids with prevalence by host being 16.0% in horses, 32.6% in donkeys and 26.9% in 89 mules. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in prevalence were observed among these hosts. Prevalence ranged in breeds of horses from 3.7% in the Morna breed, 12.4% in breeding stock, 26.8% in draughting stock, to 31.4% in unknown breeds. No significant (P > 0.05) difference in prevalence was noted among age groups. Prevalence was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in female equines with a history of abortion than those with no history of abortion. This is the first report documenting Neospora spp. in equines from Pakistan and it provides evidence that Neospora spp. is associated with abortions in female equines in Pakistan.
Keywords	antibodies ; asses ; breeding methods ; breeding stock ; breeds ; cross-sectional studies ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; females ; horses ; hosts ; immunoglobulin G ; mules ; Neospora ; nervous system diseases ; risk factors ; seroprevalence ; Pakistan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 240-243.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	210415-5
ISSN	1873-6254 ; 0001-706X
ISSN (online)	1873-6254
ISSN	0001-706X
DOI	10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.09.007
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Article ; Online: Association of life style and dietary habits with blood choline and cardiovascular outcome.

Ali, Muhammad Asif / Nasir, Muhammad / Pasha, Talat Naseer / Javid, Imran / Ullah, Azmat / Iqbal, Muhammad Amir / Ahmed, Sheraz / Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser / Gondal, Tanweer Aslam / Imran, Muhammad / Sharifi-Rad, Javad / Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi

Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)

2020 Volume 66, Issue 4, Page(s) 178–183

Abstract: Whole-blood choline, plasma choline and serum choline are emerging biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). To examine the association of Whole-blood choline is an early predictor for cardiac events. In case control study, we enrolled 240 individuals ...

Abstract	Whole-blood choline, plasma choline and serum choline are emerging biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). To examine the association of Whole-blood choline is an early predictor for cardiac events. In case control study, we enrolled 240 individuals including 120 normal (39 females and 82 males) and 120 cases (49 females and 71 males) where age limit was >40 years) Information through interviews, family disease history, 24 recall diet assessment and blood sampling. Odds ratios express the associated risks with CVD and without CVD patients. In healthy populations, good dietary habits and active lifestyle were observed. The number of participants with CVD were smokers than normal. In men, and women the risk was observed highly significant. (p=0.0049) Different blood parameters like Triglycerides, Uric Acid, Urea, Creatinine, CRP and ESR were non-significant observed. In females the low carbohydrates and high protein and frequent salad vegetable consumption observed. On the other hand, men consume more carbohydrates. Body mass index was significantly with p= 0.036 (OD 1.12 95% 1.00-1.26). The total fats (p=0.017) (OD 1.3301 95% 1.05-1.69) total carbohydrate (p=0.076) (OD 1.1536 95% 0.98-1.35) and total proteins (p=0.287) (OD 1.1456 95% 0.89-1.47) effecting respectively. The Blood choline level was significant observed between cases (p=0.026) OD (0.944 95%0.89- 0.99).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Choline/blood ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Choline (N91BDP6H0X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-25
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1161779-2
ISSN	1165-158X ; 0145-5680
ISSN (online)	1165-158X
ISSN	0145-5680
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Article ; Online: Entamoeba infections in different populations of dogs in an endemic area of Lahore, Pakistan.

Alam, Muhammad Azhar / Maqbool, Azhar / Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser / Lateef, Muhammad / Khan, Muhammad Sarwar / Lindsay, David S

Veterinary parasitology

2015 Volume 207, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 216–219

Abstract: Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite that affects humans and other primates all over the world. It is a common waterborne pathogen in endemic areas that have fecal oral transmission cycle. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence ...

Abstract	Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite that affects humans and other primates all over the world. It is a common waterborne pathogen in endemic areas that have fecal oral transmission cycle. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of E. histolytica and other Entamoeba species cysts in three different dog populations. Fecal samples from 600 dogs were collected and processed to detect Entamoeba cysts using the triple fecal test (light microscopy) and fecal antigens of E. histolytica were detected using a fecal antigen ELISA (TechLab E. histolytica II). Because it is impossible to differentiate E. histolytica from Entamoeba dispar and E. moshkovskii, using light microscopy we referred to all cysts morphologically consistent with E. histolytica as E. histolytica/dispar/moskovskii to reflect this uncertainty. Samples from 197 household dogs without clinical signs, 122 samples from household dogs exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhea, dysentery and vomiting and 281 stray dogs with no specific clinical signs were examined. Entamoeba histolytica-like cysts were observed in 94 (15.6%, 95% CI=±3.88) by triple fecal test microscopy and E. histolytica antigens were demonstrated in 66 (11%, 95% CI=±4.41) by fecal antigen ELISA in 600 fecal samples. Significant differences (P≤0.05) in prevalence were found between the three populations. Twenty (10.1%, 95% CI=±7.86) and 11 (5.6%, 95% CI=±7.70) of 197 fecal samples from household dogs without clinical signs were positive by microscopy and by antigen ELISA, respectively. Twenty-nine (23.8%, 95% CI=±6.58) and 23 (18.8%, 95% CI=±7.81) of 122 the fecal samples from household dogs with clinical signs were positive by microscopy and by antigen ELISA, respectively. Forty-five (16.01%, 95% CI=±5.62) and 32 (11.3%, 95% CI=±6.38) of 281 fecal samples from stray dogs were positive by microscopy and by fecal antigen ELISA, respectively. Dogs from the youngest age group (6 months to 1 year) were more likely to be E. histolytica antigen positive than were dogs from the other two older age groups, with a significant difference (P≤0.05) between all age groups. Statistically, no significant (P≥0.05) difference of prevalence was seen in male and female dogs. The local dogs had the highest prevalence rate of E. histolytica antigens (36 of 246, 14.2%, 95% CI=±6.32) followed by imported breeds (11 of 115, 9.5%, 95% CI=±10.4) and crossbred (19 of 239, 8.3%, 95% CI=±7.47), indicating a significant (P≤0.05) trend of positivity between various breeds of dogs. These findings suggest that dogs may play an important role in the epidemiology of this pathogen.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan ; Breeding ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Dogs ; Entamoeba histolytica/physiology ; Entamoebiasis/epidemiology ; Entamoebiasis/veterinary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Male ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Prevalence
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Protozoan
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	196831-2
ISSN	1873-2550 ; 0304-4017
ISSN (online)	1873-2550
ISSN	0304-4017
DOI	10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.12.001
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